Ngoku kusenokubonakala ngathi uyamangalisa, kodwa abafazi baqala ukuthatha iiyunivesithi kwisiqingatha sesibini se-Xix. Eza kuqala kumaziko emfundo elona ziko lemfundo eliphezulu apho iikholeji zaseMelika zafundwa khona ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ephambi kokugqibela. Ngaphambi koko, umfazi kwindawo yaseyunivesithi yayiyinto enye. Emva kweAmerican, abafazi baqala ukuthatha iiyunivesithi e-UK, amazwe aseScandinavian, uBukhosi baseRussia kunye neRomania. EJamani, eFrance, iBrazil naseChile, kwenzeke okuncinci.
EPoland, kwiYunivesithi yokuqala eyavula iminyango yabafundi yayiyiyunivesithi yaseDubling. Yasekwa kwizifundo zabasetyhini eziphantsi komhlaba ezigcinwe kwindlu yoqeqesho ye-Darsaw ukusuka kwi-1882 ukuya kwi-1885. Emva koko iikhosi zidityaniswe kwikharityhulamu yonke enemali yokuqeqesha ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-4 ukuya kwi-4 ruble. Uqeqesho lwathabatha iminyaka emi-6, kukho ulwazi olufana nobukho beyunivesithi ebhabha, ngaphezu kwama-5 amawaka abafundi bagqityiwe. Phakathi kwazo kuluhlobo lobuqu olunjalo njenge-nobel nobel alure bakaMaria sklodovskaya-curie nolwenush Korchak.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusekwa ngokusemthethweni kwe-maria s sklodovskaya kwakufuneka ifumane eFrance. IYunivesithi yaseYagellon ePoland, ngelo xesha, eyayikulo mmandla unxulumene ne-Austria-Hungary, yaqalisa ukuthatha abafazi ukuba bafundisise ukususela ngo-1894.
ERussia, abafazi banokuhlala emideni yokufunda kwiiyunivesithi zabantu, kodwa ngokweenkcukacha-manani ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, ipesenti yabafazi babencinci - akukho ngaphezulu kwe-10%.
Kwanasemva kokukhuseleka ngokusesikweni kweemeko zokwaziswa kwesini, indlela eya ekungalingani kwabasetyhini kwisayensi yayinde. Ngomfanekiso wesayensi "kwisayensi" kwinzululwazi echazwe nguRobert Merton Merton Ngo-1993 ibinzana elithi "ifuthe leMatilda" laziswa ngo-1993. Ucalucalulo lwabasetyhini kwimeko yesayensi. Eli gama licebise iRositar Rositar, umbhali-mbali weSayensi evela eUnited States, uzukisa i-Matiry Dage ye-Matilda eyaziwayo, eyaqala ukuphakamisa isihloko socalucalulo ngokuchasene nabasetyhini kwisayensi. Mininzi imizekelo xa igalelo labasetyhini kuphando lwezenzululwazi alizange lixabiswe. Eyona nto idumileyo kubo luphando oludibeneyo lwemicimbi yemizimba, inikwe ibhaso likaNobel, ofumene uGeorge Wiplu noogxa bakhe ababini abangamadoda, nangona wonke umsebenzi wakhe wenziwa ngabaphathi be-robloda.
Kwaye nangona ngoku imeko yokuthatha inxaxheba kwabasetyhini kwinkqubo yemfundo nakumsebenzi wesayensi wahlukile kwixesha apho iiyunithi zabafundi zinokuzifumana kwiidyunivesithi, kodwa kukho into eza kuyibonisa njani iZifundo zezenzululwazi. Thatha i-poland enye: phakathi kwabafundi benqanaba lokuqala lemfundo ephezulu - isidanga senza isidanga - abafazi benza ama-60%, bakhokela phakathi kwabafundi bezifundo, nangona kunjalo nangeepesenti zezazinzulu zabasetyhini sele zincinci. Ngophuhliso oluqhelekileyo lwesayensi kunye noluntu luphela, umsebenzi wale mihla kukufezekisa ukulingana kwamathuba kubafazi kuzo zonke iindawo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ePoland, umbutho "amantombazana eSayensi" wadalwa ePoland njengonxibelelwano lwenzululwazi kwi-Polish Gedives, isiseko soososayensi abancinci Iiyunivesithi zobugcisa. Bafuna ukutshintsha imeko yemicimbi yangoku xa ibhinqa ePoland lingama-23% phakathi kwabanini beDoceli kwaye kuphela kwi-10% kuphela phakathi kweSayensi yezeNzululwazi.
Zithini izinto ezingama-Russia? Phakathi kwenani lamanani abafundi kwimibutho yobungcali esenza uqeqesho lwabasebenzi abanobuchule kunye nabasebenzi, abafundi abaphumeleleyo kunye nabafundi abaphumelele kunye nabagcini bonyaka ka-2014). Ngokwabaviwa kunye noogqirha besayensi, amanani asisiyo-411:159 bathanda amadoda phakathi kwabaviwa kunye ne-25:75 phakathi koogqirha besayensi. Kwaye oku kukwilizwe elaziwa ngokuba ziinzululwazi zabo zabasetyhini ababalaseleyo! Ndicinga ukuba lo sesinye unobangela wokuhamba kweengqondo zenzululwazi kwiilebhu zangaphandle. Lixesha lokuba abahlali besayensi baseRussia bayishiya kakhulu iingxaki zokungalingani ngokwesayensi nezemfundo.
I-Ekaterina Mikhalevich, uMemer -ur, iNtloko yemfundo yamazwe jikelele ye-Mfundi