UStefan College wabonakala ngathi ngesikhathi ngokuqhathaniswa nenhlanhla, i-balley yekusasa. Uzalelwe emndenini wamaJuda acebile ase-Austrian, aphothula iziqu enobuhlakani befilosofi ye-University of Vienna. Owokuqala wemisebenzi yakhe yokwenziwa kwaziswa kakhulu kwabagxeki. Wayemuhle, ehlakaniphile, ezungezwe abangane futhi ethokozela impumelelo yabesifazane. Wayemiselwe ukwazi uthando lweqiniso ... futhi noma kunjalo, ngolunye usuku wanquma ukunciphisa izikolo ngempilo.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngaleso sikhathi, abantu ababhapathizwa esifundazweni saseMpi, kube nezinye izinkinga eziningi, ukuzibulala okuphindwe kabili - umbhali odumile wase-Austrian nonkosikazi wakhe omncane uCharlotte - abakwazanga ukumisa umphakathi. NgoFebhuwari 23, 1942, amaphephandaba aphuma nezihloko ezihlekisayo nezithombe ekhasini lokuqala - i-Tswedeig eneminyaka engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu uCharlotte yalala, ibambelela embhedeni. Baphuza umthamo omkhulu wamaphilisi okulala. Ngaphambi kokuba afe, abalingani babhala izincwadi eziyishumi nantathu ezihlotsheni nabangane - bazama ukuchaza izizathu zokukhohlwa ...
Kamuva, isenzo somlobi owaziwayo saqhathaniswa namanye amacala afanayo. Okudumele entshonalanga yentando yeningi, owayengaphazamisanga ngokufika kwamandla kaHitler futhi ayeke ukukhushulwa kwe-fascism, amasiko amaningi avelele ashiye izimpilo zawo: uWalter Benjamin, u-Ernst Weiss, u-Erst Weiss, uWalter Gazengklevur. I-Weiss yaveza imithambo yakhe lapho ibutho likaHitler lithwebula iParis. Ebuzwa enobuthi ekamu ukuze bangenise umuntu. UBenjamin wamukela ubuthi, wesaba ukungena ezandleni zeGestapo: umngcele waseSpain lapho avela khona. Abasele ngaphandle kwePenny ephaketheni lakhe, balethe umfazi wayo umfazi ehhotela eNew York.
Collegu, owayeseSyny Brazil, ngaseRio de Janeiro, ingozi ayizange isongele. Izwe athuthe kulo, lamemukela ngokujabulisa yena, laliseduze kweCharlotte, akazange athole ubunzima bezezimali noma izinkinga zempilo. Etafuleni lakhe walala futhi angaqedi imibhalo yesandla. Noma kunjalo, kwaba nokwesaba okunobuthi ukuba khona kukaCweig. Futhi umbhali wakhula, onamandla ngokwesaba lokhu, amlandele njenge-amoki, abhalela yena ngenoveli yakhe. Kwi-Psychology, isimo esinjalo sibizwa ngeGeranotoPobia - ukwesaba ukuguga.
Isizwe seCollegiate
"Mhlawumbe ngaphambi kokuba ngiphangiwe," kusho uColleGiatiate ekugcineni kwempilo. Futhi igama elithi "kungenzeka" alifaneleki impela. Kakade iqiniso lokuzalwa livule amathuba amahle ngaphambi kukaStefanu. Ubaba wakhe uMoritz Tswede wayengumkhiqizi wezindwangu eVienna, umama we-Ida Breattauer wayengowomndeni ocebile kakhulu wamabhange angamaJuda. UMfowethu Ophakeme uStefan u-Alfred wazuza inkampani kababa wazuza ifa likababa, futhi uStephana wanikeza ithuba lokufunda eNyuvesi ukuze athole iziqu zobudokotela futhi ahlanganyela ebhizinisini lakhe alithandayo. Wayengumfundi onethalente owathululelwa kabi ezandleni zakhe, "kusho u-Arthur Scynitser njengomngane wakhe. Kakade eneminyaka eyishumi nesithupha, uStephen wanyathelisa izinkondlo zakhe zokuqala, futhi neshumi nesishiyagalolunye ngezindleko zakhe kwashicilelwa iqoqo le "ntambo yesiliva". Impumelelo ifike ngokushesha: Indalo yokuqomisana kwentsha ithande uRille uqobo, kanye nomhleli welinye lamaphephandaba ase-Austrian ahlonishwa kakhulu "Neue Frezl Prese" Theodore Herzl athatha lezi zihloko zikaCalbu ukuzoshicilela. Ukuba yizinsizwa ezingamaJuda ezihlotshisiwe impela, ezinakekela abazali abajikeleziwe emphakathini ophakeme, uStefan wayengajabulela impilo, eyisizungu, njengokungathi uSouth Golden, i-Golden Youth.
UStefanu wayeyingane yesibili emndenini. NginoMfowethu Alfred.
Ru.Wikipedia.org.
Kepha, ukuba semvelweni ngumuntu ophilayo futhi efuna ukwazi, uStefan wayengafuni ukwaneliseka ngeqiniso lokuthi impilo yamnika ekuhlwanyeleni. Wayefuna ukwazi izwe. Iminyaka eyishumi - ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, umbhali wachitha ekuhambeni, akazange ahambele kuphela eYurophu: IFrance, eNgilandi, e-Italiya, eCuba, kodwa wavakashela e-Uta, India, e-Afrika. Ukuphela kwenze kuye. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe I, Tsweeig, yize babiza ibutho, kodwa babhekane nokubukwa kwakhe kwe-pacifist, bathumela ukuzosebenza endaweni yokugcina amasosha, kude nasezinkundleni zezimpi. UPharallel Stefan ushicilele izindatshana ezilwa nempi kanye namadrama futhi wahlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi - wabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwenhlangano yamazwe omhlaba yezibalo zamasiko ezaziphikisana nempi.
Ukuba nemvelo nedatha yangaphandle ebabazekayo, waqikelela kakhulu ngesithombe sakhe - wayehlala emfashini, egqoke inaliti. Futhi imikhuba yakhe emihle nemfundo yenza kube ngumculo omnandi. Le nsizwa yajabulela impumelelo enkulu emamathandeni, ngokulula, yaqala amanoveli, kepha izibopha izibopho zomshado ngokushesha. UStephen ngokungalingani wanika abangane bakhe ukuba baqonde ukuthi into esemqoka kuye kwakuwukusebenzisa isipho sombhali wakhe, futhi hhayi ukuncibilika emndenini - izingxabano, izimangalo nomhawu. Emdlalweni ofanayo ongeyena ongaphandle kungaba kuye kanye noFriedrik von winnLitz, kodwa ... kwaba makhulu kakhulu.
Incwadi Stranger
Uthando lwabo lwaqala ngokungazeleleki - encwadini. Futhi kamuva, uColqoga wayisebenzisa kwenye yenoveli "yegama lakhe lomfokazi." Okokuqala, okokuqala, uFriedrik wabona umlobi wemfashini ku-Cafe 'Ridgof ". Futhi kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba le ntombi ivele yamnika amavesi angu-Tomik Verkinna kumavesi e-Collega. Abesifazane besihleli ngesizotha ekhoneni, lapho uStefanu efika ekhefini, waphonsa ukumamatheka kwabo, futhi ... umlandeli-ophendula u-Blackee - uMathani washadaykazi noMama wezingane ezimbili bazizwa inhlabathi evela emilenzeni yakhe. "Futhi yilokhu nje umhumushi wethu," kumemeza, intombi yahleleka, emuhle kangako. "
UFreeRerik wagxuma isikhashana - ukuheha ukunqotshwa ubuhlakani, kwathi ngakusasa wathumela incwadi eya kumlobi. "Izolo ku-cafe esahlala eduze komunye nomunye. Phambi kwami evesini laseTomik lisevesini ekuhumusheni kwakho. Ngaphambi kokuthi ngifunde eyodwa yenoveli yakho nama-sonnets akho. Imisindo yabo isangisukela ... Angikuceli ukuthi uphendule, futhi uma kusekhona isifiso, ubhalele ukufunwa ... "
Akazange athembele kunoma yini, kepha waphendula. Ubuso, inhlonipho, ngaphandle kokubhalwa okubophayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babenezintshisakalo ezifanayo - uFreeRerik wazama namandla akhe ezincwadini. Ekugcineni, umhlangano womuntu siqu wenzeka ngemuva kokunye komculo kusihlwa. Impilo uFrau von Winnnertz yayiyisidina futhi kubi - uthando selushiye umshado walo, umyeni wayishintsha ngakwesokunxele wahamba. Ukujwayelana nohlaza okotshani ogqamile waseViennese kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqhakaza umhlaba ngopende omusha. Futhi wanquma ukungaphuthelwa ithuba elinjalo.
Baba ngabathandi. Kepha uStefan wenza ngokucophelela ukuze aqonde ukuqonda: umuntu akufanele anikeze okushiwo kakhulu kwalokhu kuxhumana. Wayengafuni ukulahlekelwa inkululeko. UFreeRerik athule ngobuhlakani ... Futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile wanquma ukubheka imingcele yale nkululeko - waxoxa neParis futhi waqala ukukhathazeka lapho enomodi omuhle ogama lakhe linguMarcella. Yini engazange ihlupheke ukwazisa inkosikazi encwadini. Behlushwa umhawu, kepha yena wamthumela impendulo ebandayo ebandayo: "Ngiyajabula ngokuthi iParis yahlangana nawe isimanga esihle." Futhi uStefanu wayesaba; wanquma ukuthi lokhu kubanda kusho into eyodwa: UFrederig wanquma ukuhlukana naye. Kepha usevele wakwazi ukunamathela kangaka kulo mfazi ohlakaniphile, omncane nawo wonke umuntu oqondayo! Ebuyela e-Austria, wamenza wamnikeza ngokushesha. Ngo-1920, baba ngumlingani wezomthetho.
Inkanyezi KaDavide
AmaLealiatiates ahlala ndawonye iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili ejabulisayo. Amanoveli eFritronic ayesefunwa e-Austria, uStefan waba ngumlobi odumile emhlabeni. Le nkazimulo yangempela yalethwa kuye ngemisebenzi eyabhalwa ngemuva kwempi: UVolella, "ama-biografikhi othando", iqoqo lezinsimu zomlando ", iwashi lezinkanyezi. Kodwa noma kunjalo, isikhundla soshade naye asizange size sashwa. Bahlala ngokwanele ngesizotha, bebanga ngisho nemoto yabo. Lonke elite laseYurophu eliphakeme lalesosikhathi sasisendlini yabo: UThomas Mann, uSigmund Freud, uSigmund Rolland ... Collowland ... Abanye baze baxhase ozakwabo, abanye baphinde bakhokhele ubuphofu njalo. I-Romain Rollan yabhala kakhulu ngaye kwidayari: "Angazi muntu phakathi kwabangane bami, owayezobe ejulile futhi ethandeka kuye inhlamba yehlelo, njengoStephen Cweig; Ubungani yinkolo yakhe. "
Umbhangqwana wabo noFrieder wabhekwa njengophelele. Ngisho nokuhlukanisa izinsuku eziningana, abashadikazi bashintshana ngezincwadi ezimnene. Insimbi yokuqala yazwakala lapho uStefan ayeneminyaka engamashumi amane. NgoNovemba 24, 1921, uFryeriga wambhalela: "... ... ingane yami ethandekayo, emnandi, intandokazi! Ake ngikucindezele enhliziyweni yami, izifiso ezinhle eziyinkulungwane. Zonke izinkathazo makuhlale kude, futhi iNkosi izokuthumela injabulo, ukuthokoza nomsebenzi omuhle, inhliziyo ehlanzekile - kuphela kungumthombo wazo zonke injabulo yethu ejabule ... ". Ephendula lo mlayezo omnene uStefan waphawula: "Kungani ungenze mina ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokuhalalisela? Ingabe amashumi amane - akwanele? .. ngisakhiwe kahle oneminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Kunamahora angamashumi amane nesishiyagalombili. " Futhi kwakungesona isimo sengqondo esiyingqayizivele emcimbini, kodwa ukukhathazeka okuqotho.
Omunye umhlangano kaFreedeita uzobe esekhumbula ngomunyu, yize ngaleso sikhathi asizange sikunikeze ukubaluleka okuningi. Babehamba eduzane nasendlini yabo eSalzburg, lapho bebamba indoda endala engalweni yakhe nentombazane encane. Lokho kwakusekela ngokucophelela, kubeka indlela. "Kulokho okudala kunyanyeka! - Wabe esethi uStefanu. - Bengingeke ngifune ukumphilela. Kodwa-ke, uma bekungekho umzukulu eduze kwaleli ncithakalo, kodwa intokazi nje ... khumbula inkosi yeBhayibheli kaDavide? Iresiphi yobusha baphakade ihlala munye ngaso sonke isikhathi. Indoda endala ingayiboleka kuphela kowesifazane osemusha othandweni. " Okusanhlamvu kwakulahliwe.
NgoNovemba 1931, iTsweeig yayingamashumi amahlanu. Usekupheleni kokuvuthwa, esiqongweni senkazimulo ebhaliwe, eduze komfazi othandekayo nonothando - wawela ekucindezelekeni okubi kakhulu. Wabhala omunye wabangane bakhe: "Angesabi lutho, kwaba nokwehluleka, ukukhohlisa, ukulahlekelwa yimali, ngisho nokufa. Kepha ngesaba izifo, ukuguga nokulutha. " UFrederik angacabanga ukuthi unobhala ongabhali waku-UnasppBalry waholela endlini eyosiza umyeni wakhe ukuphrinta umsebenzi wakhe uzoba kuye ngethemba lokusindiswa?
Ifilimu likaMariya uSchefader "Stefan Collegu: Farewell eYurophu" kwaqokwa ngu-Oscar
Uhlaka oluvela kwifilimu
Umthelela wenhliziyo
Kuyiqiniso, akakwazanga ukucabanga ukuthi uCharlotte Altmann - uSutulya, uLyudaya, oyintombi ebuhlungu ebusweni obungebuntu obungenabuhlungu obungeyona ingozi enjabulweni yabo yomndeni wabo. Le ntombazane ibifuna umsebenzi ekomitini lababaleki, futhi uFreega akamsusanga ngenxa yokuba senze isenzo esihle. Izinto ezingezinhle ezingamashumi amabili nesina nasonazo zinenzuzo eyodwa kuphela kumqashi osendala - ubusha.
Ngasikhathi esithile, uFrau Collegu uthole ukuthi ngaphakathi konxantathu wothando. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Lotty ngokwayo yabika kuye - enecala, encwadini ethile, icela ukumthethelela, - ngemuva kwakho konke, kwakuyingozi kuphela. Ukuthi umyeni unemibono ehlukile, uFrederig wathola ubusuku obufanayo lapho ecela ukumxosha unobhala. Ephendula, uStefan wathi intombazana "njengesimangaliso." Iminyaka emithathu yaqhubeka nokuphila okumangazayo - uFritrik qinisa inhliziyo yamukela imigomo yomdlalo.
Kepha ngolunye usuku, ebuyela ekhaya, ngabona izingcezu ze-vase ephukile nobuso bomyeni wakhe odidekile. Uthe uLottie wahlela ukubakamela futhi wayezolahla efasiteleni. Ucela ama-fritrones wesehlukaniso. Kwakunjengokwesaba, kepha yini ayengayenza?
Amadokhumenti asayiniwe, kepha uStephen cishe waqonda ngokushesha ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani iphutha elibi. Wancenga uFrivelic ukuthi athumele ummeli ku-telegraph futhi amise inqubo embi. I-telegraph yathunyelwa, kodwa ekulweni nekusasa, ummeli wayelava. Njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili, uFriedrik wathola izincwadi ezivela kuStefanu: "UFryci othandekayo! mina. Kepha ulahlekelwa kancane. Ngaba hluka, ngikhathele abantu, futhi umsebenzi kuphela ongithokozisayo. Izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu ziphuthunyiswe ngokungenakuphikiswa, futhi sabahlangabezana nazo ... ". Wamncenga ukuba ashiye igama lakhe lokugcina - cweig.
Ngo-1940, umbhali nonkosikazi osemusha uCharlotte wafudukela e-United States. Kepha wasiza ebuya kanye nomfazi wangaphambilini nezingane, ngahlangana naye, ngangihlangane naye, ngangifuna nokuphumula ndawonye. Umphefumlo wakhe wawukwazi ukuphumula, wayephuthuma. Idrama yomuntu siqu yanda ngesimo sezindaba e-Europe - i-fascism tswedeig etholwa njengokuwa kwempucuko emhlabeni. Kwakusondela emkhumbulweni wakhe wesithupha. "Amashumi ayisithupha - ngicabanga ukuthi kuzokwanela. Umhlaba esihlala kuwo, asinakubuya. Futhi kuzofika kuphi, ngeke sikwazi ukuthonya. IZwi lethu ngeke liqonde kunoma yiluphi ulimi. Yini iphuzu lokuphila ngokulandelayo, njengesithunzi sami? " UJoham Maas uhola amazwi kaLotta: "Akasona esimweni esihle. Ngiyesaba".
Maye, unobhala ompofu wehlulekile ukwenza isimangaliso: ukubuyela entsheni ku-swefan osekhulile futhi anikeze ukuvumelana. Kwenye yalezi zinhlamvu, uFriederrik uyabhala: "Ungakhohlisi isiphetho, inkosi kaDavide ayiphuma kimi. Precheno - angiseyisithandwa. " Nakulebula olandelayo - ukuqashelwa: "Yonke imicabango yami inawe."
IBrazil yaba isiphephelo sokugcina se-Tswedeig, yanikezela enye yezincwadi zayo - "iBrazil yizwe lekusasa." Wabona ukuthi impilo lapha ikhululekile impela, futhi abantu banomusa omkhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngasikhathi sinye ngazwa ukudingiswa okungasoze ngakubona izwe lakubo. "... Horror okwethusayo izehlakalo ezenzakalelayo ezingenza ngikhule ngokwengeziwe. Sisembundwini wempi kuphela, ozoqala ngokweqiniso ngokuphazanyiswa kwamandla okugcina angathathi hlangothi, bese kuthi iminyaka yezempi yasemuva kwezenhlosi izofika ... Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mcabango ongeke ube khona ekhaya, akukho i-Angle , awukho umshicileli, ukuthi angikwazi ukusiza kakhulu kubangani bakho - akekho noyedwa! .. Kuze kube manje, bengilokhu ngikhuluma nami: Ukubamba yonke impi, ngiqala futhi ... Le mpi ichitha konke okwadalwa yi Isizukulwane esedlule ... "
Akazange ayibone indawo yakhe emhlabeni wesikhathi esizayo. Ngakho-ke, isinqumo sokunikela ngokuba khona okungonakaliyo sivulwe kancane kancane, usuku nosuku. UCharlotte, ebona ukuthi umyeni wakhe uyahlupheka kanjani, wamsekela kanjani. Kokunye kwezincwadi zakhe zokuvalelisa, wathi ukufa bekuzoba yinkululeko kuStefanu, futhi kuyena, ngoba ukuhlaselwa kwesifuba somoya kwahlushwa. Kulolo nkulunkulu ephephile ebusuku, akazange ashiye isithandwa sakhe, ethatha umthamo obulalayo kaBaribibituratov naye.
"Ngemuva kwamashumi ayisithupha, amabutho akhethekile ayadingeka ukuthi aqale impilo futhi. Amandla ami ancishisiwe iminyaka, amaWanders awafulathela izwe lawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngicabanga ukuthi kungcono manje, kuphakanyiselwe ikhanda, kwabeka iphuzu elikhona, injabulo enkulu yawo kwakuwumsebenzi wobuhlakani, nenani eliphakeme kakhulu - inkululeko yomuntu siqu. Ngikwamukele bonke abangane bami. Bayeke babone inhlolovo ngemuva kobusuku obude! Futhi ngiphelelwa isineke kakhulu futhi ngisuka ekuqaleni, "Lawo kwakungamagama okugcina lapho uStefan Colleing ancenga khona emhlabeni.