Byasaga nkaho ibihe byubuvumbuzi bikomeye byari bimaze igihe kinini, ariko urugendo rwurugendo rwo muri Noruveje Heardal rwagaragaje ibinyuranye. Ikintu gitangaje ibyo yabyagezeho byose byaguye mugihe cya vuba aha: urugero, koga kwamamaye kuri raft "kon-Tika" byabereye igice kinini cyikinyejana gishize.
Birumvikana ko koga kuri "con-tika" ntushobora gusigara nta kinema. Ariko film yatowe kuri Oscar na Globe ya Zahabu ntabwo bafashe igihembo na kimwe ... Ishyaka rinini ryarafashijwe, barwana na sharke, intambara yubuzima hagati - muri rusange, sinema ya Hollywood ntabwo yakoze. Abanenga bijeje ko iyi ari inkuru ivuga ku matangazo nyabo, kandi abari bateraniye aho ntibabizera. Nigute ibintu byose byashobokaga kandi byashoboraga kugenda byuruzinduko Heerdala yashoboye kwimura?
Ibitekerezo byibyagezweho bikomeye ntibigwa mu gisenge. Biragaragara ko bidashoboka gufungura Amerika ubugira kabiri. Ukeneye igitekerezo kidasanzwe, kandi Noruveje yari afite. Icyingenzi cyatekerejweho, cyamuhumekeye, kwari ugaragaza urwego rwo hejuru rwabantu Abanyaburayi bafatwaga umwanya wambere. Kandi yacungaga, ariko ni uwuhe murimo! Ubuzima bwe burakwiriye rwose kuri firime, kandi ntanumwe.
Kandi byose byatangiye prose rwose, mumujyi muto wo muri Noruveje. Hano hari urugendo ruto. Se yari inzovu, kandi Mama yagendanaga n'umufana w'inyigisho za Darwin. Yakoraga mu Nzu Ndangamurage ya Anthropology, kandi birashoboka ko byari imbaraga ze ku buryo yashishikajwe no kwiga isi. By the way, muri Larvik, ubuzima bwa Noruveje bwari butuje. Hafi y'umujyi habaye ikigobe cy'itorero, cyishimira icyubahiro kibi. Abahungu bo mu mijyi ntibabuze ikibazo cyo kogamo kugirango bishimire ubutwari. Ariko igihagararo nyacyo gikwiye uwukoresha kuruhande rwambukiranya rugufi, rwatumye ubwogero. Urugendo rwimyaka icumi rwatsinze kimwe cya kabiri, mugihe habaye uburinganire butunguranye. Kandi hano byagaragaye ko umuhungu adashobora koga! Inshuti muri swingereranwa zakurikiranye, ubwo yakubise intoki ku mazi, kugeza igihe umwe muri bo amujugunya ikoti ry'ubuzima. Inkuru yateye umuhungu mumazi. Urugendo ntirwigeze rwiga koga.
Kuzenguruka Helderddal Yakoze Legendary Koga kuri Raft "Kon-Tika"
Ifoto: ru.wikipedia.org.
Mu muryango, ntabwo kandi ntabwo bose ari amahoro. Se yari akiri urugendo, na nyina, Amasezerano amukura mu buriri bwe bwa nyirabuja, yimukira mu cyumba cyabi kandi yegurira imbaraga zose. Afata uru rubanza mu mwete udasanzwe. Buri saha, buri munota wumuhungu yarashushanyije. Ku bw'amahirwe, umwana yari hafi y'abantu - nk'urugero, Haramujyanye ku misozi, aho yabwiye inyoni n'ibimera ... muri rusange, ibibera byateganijwe mbere - birumvikana ko ishami rya zoologiya muri Oslo! Umusore yajeyo mu 1933.
Iparadizo muri Halary
Ubuzima bwumunyeshuri mushya bwagonze. Ariko ibinure hejuru y'ibitabo byaje kurambirana. Nifuzaga ibyagezweho, yego vuba! Kandi kubwibyo nari nkeneye mugenzi wihuta. Nuwuhe mugoroba nimugoroba nimugoroba yamubonye - Liv Kusheron-Torp. Umunyeshuri w'ishami ry'ubukungu yari ubwiza. Abafana barukaga imbaga inyuma ye, ariko ni we wahisemo urugendo rw'amaso ahita atsinda mu gutsinda kwa mbere. Byari byiza ko liv yahise abona umusore muremure. Ubwa mbere, birumvikana ko kugira ngo abarimbyi bamenyereye ingaruka zo gusenya imibereho ku muntu, ariko ko mu isaha yo gukundana mu gitondo yamuhaye kureremba hejuru ye mu kirwa kidatuwe. Kuri Noheri 1936, abakiri bato barashyingiranywe, bakusanya amavalisi basuka mu rugendo rw'ubukwe ku nkombe z'isi.
Bahisemo ikirwa cya Fatu-Hivi, mu majyepfo y'ibirwa bya marquis, bikaba bimwe muri Polynesia y'Abafaransa. Yanywaga amazi, kandi icyarimwe ukuguru k'umuzungu ntibyagenze. IDYLLL YAVUZE UMWAKA: LIV N'URUGENDO RIRI RAHWAH HIGHERS HAFI, BATaga Ibitoki, Kugwa mu masumo yo mu misozi, gufotora - muri rusange, bitwaye nkabantu bose basanzwe mubiruhuko. Ariko bidatinze, abashyingiranywe ku birenge byabo bamenyera ibikomere biva mu mibu y'imubu, umuriro watangiye. Amajwi y'ubwo bwato yegera ku kirwa cy'ubwato, Heydala yasubiye mu rugo. Urugendo rwa paradizo rwarangiye nabi.
Ubuzima busanzwe bwatangiye. Mu mezi icyenda, Liv na Tour bavutse imfura - urugendo rw'amato. Muri uwo mwaka, igitabo cya mbere cy'umugenzi "nshakisha paradizo", kunegura kwateranye cyane. Uru rugendo rwarangora, atangira gutanga, afata kuri liv kandi yasaze gusa kurambirwa. Ariko bahita bamenya ko muri Kanada hari amashusho yigitare, bitondera. Liv yarishimye, yanditse nyina ati: "Umwaka ushize wari ugoye cyane! Noneho twahagaritse ibi, dufite ibintu bishya biri imbere. "
Graffiti mu rwego rwo kubahiriza ingendo nziza
Ifoto: Instagram.com/amvesen.as.
Ariko ibibazo ntibyagiye. Amashusho y'urubyiruko yabonye, ariko kuri ibyo byishimo byo kuguma muri Kanada birangiye. Heyserdalam ntabwo aricyo kandi ntahantu ho gutura, na liv, hagati aho, yari ategereje umwana wa kabiri. Urugendo rwashoboye kubona umukozi gusa muruganda rwo gushongashya, maze nyuma yukwezi kumwe si byongera guhunga maze bahunga umugore wanjye n'umuhungu muto i New York. Gusa natangiye intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose, maze ahitamo ko ashimishije cyane kubera guhangayikishwa no no mu rugo. Birumvikana ko urugendo, byashakaga guhita tujya imbere, ariko imyaka itari mike nagombaga kwiga kuri radar. Gusa mu mpera z'izamu Heydal yoherejwe mu Ntara ya Noruveje zimaze kubohorwa n'abafatanyabikorwa kandi batunguwe no kureba amazu yatwitse hamwe n'abaturage batwitse. Yabaye umuhanga mu mahoro yemeje. Icyo gihe, Liv, ntabwo yavuganaga icyo gihe, agaruka, asanga ashyigikira abatsinze. Gutandukana byanze bikunze.
Ikibazo cyubuzima
Hanyuma, urugendo rwa legendari kuri "con-tuka"! Mu 1937, Urugendo rwagaragaje hypothesis ko ibirwa bya Polynesia bituwe n'abantu bo muri Amerika yepfo. Ariko yagombaga kubigaragaza. Ubwa mbere, yatwayeyo kugirango amenyekane uko ibintu bimeze. Yamenye ko abakurambere b'aba Poloneya bavaga mu nyanja, ndetse no kuba Imana yabo yitwa Tiki, ndetse n'umuyobozi w'icyamamare w'abatuye muri Amerika yepfo. Ariko, ibintu byakusanyirijwe byivuguruzanya nimpaka imwe idashidikanywaho: Abantu ba kera ntibashoboraga kugoreka inyanja kumuseri. Byafatwaga nka axiom, n'uruzinduko rwe rubaza. Yakuyeho kugirango ahindure kuri raft yimbaho! Nta n'umwe mu bahanga wizeraga igitekerezo, cyane cyane umuhanga mu byamo uzwi cyane Herbert Spunden yaramunenze. Yagiriye inama ingendo kugirango akore igitekerezo cyasaze. Inkweto nkizo z'ubushakashatsi Heerdal yahuye numuntu wese yababwiye. Liv Hamwe n'abahungu bahagaze muri Noruveje, kandi ingenzi ubwe yashakaga amafaranga yo gutegura urugendo. Yashakaga gufunga umukandara wa buri wese utamwemera. Ariko mugushakisha gutera inkunga byatwaye imyaka hafi icumi. Bukwi na bukwi, amafaranga yavuye muri guverinoma yerekeza muri Peru, wakuye igitekerezo cy'uko Polynesia yatuye abakurambere babo.
Ku ya 27 Mata 1947, imbaga y'abantu yateraniye mu cyambu cy'umujyi wa Cagsiyo wa Cagtuo, ariko, abonye uruhara ku nkombe, abantu bose bagiye guseka. "Ubusazi!" - Bavugije induru. Urugendo ku Cyongereza cyacitse rwageragejwe kugeza ku baturage ko ashaka kugera kuri Polynesia. Abantu bose babonaga ko bagerageza kwiyahura bidasanzwe. Ambasaderi w'umunyamerika yafunguye ubutwari rero: "Ababyeyi bawe bararakaye cyane, bamaze kumenya ko wapfuye!" Ariko icyizere cyo kuzenguruka cyagejejwe mu ikipe. Yakundaga gusubiramo ati: "Twari tumaze kugaragara kuri ako kanya ikintu kimwe gusa: niba urumuri rwa ruguye ku nkombe, abantu bose baziga muri Polynesia ku giti, ariko ntibazagaruka."
Firime "Kon-Tika" (2012)
Ifoto: Ikadiri kuva firime
Bukeye bwaho, "Kon-Tika" buhoro buhoro yavuze inyuma ya horizon. Byafashwe ko mu mezi atatu yegera ku birwa bya Polineziya ... Ubukwe bw'urugendo bwamennye ku nyanja, amafaranga yari amaze igihe kinini, usibye uyu mushinga wasazi, nta cyo yari afite - kandi yizeraga! Uwera wakwemera!
Icyumweru cy'icyumweru cyatangiye. Abagenzi baryamye kuri matelas yicyatsi kumurongo. Amazi ku gasumbuye ya kera yagumishijwe mu myambazi y'imigano, kandi arya amafi afata amafi. "Kwoza mu nyanja biteye ubwoba - amazi yaranduye," yibukije ingendo. Kuva ku myidagaduro ku rukunzwe hari gitari, Parot, vodka n'ibitabo. Ubwoko budasanzwe bwimyidagaduro bwari guhiga inyanja. Amategeko yumukino yari atya akurikira: gutuza inyamanswa zishoboka, ubakurure mu bwato, hanyuma ntureke ngo batsimbarare ku birenge. Kubera iyo saha hafi ya buri saha imwe mu ba sharashi yabayeho itangira gufata ibintu byose hirya no hino. Hanze ya Adrenaline! Ikipe muri byose yumvise capitaine. Nubwo bimeze bityo, wemere ibintu bitangaje, abantu bashoboraga kwiringira cyane. Ndetse bagerageje no kutabona ko arimo koga, afashe umuzi.
Ku ya 7 Kanama 1947, mu mezi atatu n'iminsi icumi nyuma yo gutangira urugendo, Kon-Tika yicaye ku nkombe ya Polynesia. Ku ya 27 Kanama, Heerdal yaje guhura na Radiyo Amateur Radio Amateur aramusaba Dr. Spinen: "Nagenzuye ko bishoboka koga amateka yabanjirije muri Peru - Oseani. Ntekereza ku ruvu rwa balz mu byiringiro by'imodoka zose zambere. " Heyerdal yatsinze.
"Con-Tika" yamuhaye ubuzima bushya. Igitabo cyanditswe na we cyahinduwe n'indimi mirongo irindwi, kandi ibyatangajwe na byo byakiriye Oscar. Heyerdal yabaye umugenzi uzwi cyane kwisi. Kubwamahirwe, liv ntabwo byari bigikenewe - abashakanye baratandukanye. Ahari uruhare rwe rwakinnye na Ivonn Dedekam-Simonsin, umugenzi yahuye akantu gato kandi yahise arongora. Ivonn yaherekeje umugabo we mu gihe cyose, bagiye ku kirwa cya pasika bakagerageza gutandukana. Yasaga naho abonye umugore utunganye, ariko yashoboye kuyihindura. Ivonne yarababajwe. Yakundaga iyi Noruveje.
Kuva mu Burusiya hamwe nurukundo
Hamwe n'ingorane, izina Heerdal ryatangaje mu Burusiya ntabwo rizwi. Khrushchev yemeye ibitekerezo bye kandi ahora agenda nk'impano ya caviar y'umukara, kandi igitabo cya Navigator gihagaze ku gipangu cya buri cyiciro. Urugendo rwakunze kubaho mu nama ashingiye ku moko muri GSSR, kandi nta muntu watunguwe igihe yashakaga kujyana ikibaho cy'Uburusiya. Iherezo ryinshimiwe ya Yuri Senkevich. Mu mizo ya mbere, yacitse intege mu byishimo, ariko yahise amenya ko aya ari amahirwe menshi - ubucuti na heerdal yemereye kumujyana mu myaka mirongo itatu ngo afate umuyobozi wa gahunda ikunzwe ".
Ubwa mbere Senkevich yaherekeje urugendo mu 1969. Muri kiriya gihe, Heerdal yashishikarije amateka ya Wagoning muri Egiputa ya kera kandi yongeye mu masomo ye yiyemeje kugeragezwa. Ubwato buva mu papirusi bwitwa "Ra" yubatswe mu bishushanyo byo mu mva zo mu Misiri, iburyo bwa piramide. Biragoye ko ushobora kubigereranya na Kon-Tika. Noneho Heyerdal yari inyenyeri, kandi amafaranga ntiyagombaga kubona ikibazo. Ariko koga kwambere byananiranye: Amacandko yombi yavunitse, kandi Papirus atanga gutemba. Nyuma y'iminsi mike habonetse ku rubura. Nibyiza ko ntamuntu wababaye. Mubisanzwe, Noruveje ntiyigeze atuje. Umwaka ntujya mu nyanja mu buryo bwuzuye bwo "ra". Ikigeragezo cya kabiri cyambitswe ikamba no gutsinda, ariko nanone byabaye ubutane. Ivonn yaheruka kuba yarashakanye n'urugendo rwa makumyabiri, ariko ntikishobora kwihanganira ubuhemu. Tekereza gusa, ndetse no mu bukwe bw'umuhungu w'imfura, ayobora nyirabuja!
Umugore wanyuma Abagenzi Jacqueline Bir
Ifoto: en.wikipedia.org.
Ingendo zahoraga ziba ingenzi kuri we. Ibikurikira feat ya Heyerdal yari koga kuri "Tigris". Iki gihe yatekerezaga kwerekana uburyo abatuye Mir Gollreki babonanye nisi yose hamwe nubwato bwubwami. Nyuma y'amezi ane yo koga, Urugendo rwategereje gutungurwa bidashimishije. Ubwato bwangiwe ubwinjiriro bw'akarere k'amazi y'inyanja Itukura, kuko ibikoresho bya gisirikare byanyuze hano. Heardal yagiye muri we ashyiraho "Tigiri" mu kimenyetso
imyigaragambyo.
Ntiyagiye ku nyanja, ariko akomeza kwitabira urugendo rushingiye ku butaka. Ku ntangiriro ya mirongo itangira, ikeka mbere yuko piramide ya kaminuza ya leta kuri Teneyery-fe ni inzego zumuco, aho kuba amabuye atabishaka. Noneho, kuri Canar, wasanze inyubako yubatswe nko mu kinyejana cya xV! Nibyo, nubuzima bwawe bukubise urufunguzo. Yari asanzwe afite mirongo irindwi na karindwi, igihe Heerdal yashakanye n'inshuro ya gatatu mu bwahoze ari Miss Ubufaransa, Jacqueline Bir, bisa nkaho ari urukundo rwa nyuma rwa Noruveje. Amaherezo yarashonje. Umugore yahoraga ahari, abana bahanganye na se, kandi umwuzukuru aragenda akomeza inzira ye kandi mu 2006 inshuro nyinshi gutsinda byo koga kuri "Con-Tika", ahamya ko atari amahirwe gusa.
Abanya Noruveje bubaha kwibuka kwubutaka. Muri Oslo, inzu ndangamurage ye iherereye, imurikagurisha ry'ingenzi muri zo "Kon-Tika" na gari ya mopi "ra-2", kimwe n'ibishusho binini byo mu kirwa cya Pasika. Ariko abanenga benshi bavuga ko heydal yamenyekanye kubera ubumenyi bwa siyansi, ahubwo ni uko yashoboye kwerekana siyanse nkigitabo gishimishije.
Yapfiriye mu mpeshyi yo mu 2001. Umuhanga yapfuye azize ubwitange bw'ubwonko akikijwe na bene wabo. Kandi bisa nkaho bishobora guhagarika ibintu bye. Ubuzima bwe bwose bwagize uruhare mubushakashatsi ku isi, kandi ubuzima busanzwe bwari muri gahunda ya kabiri. Ahari byagenze ko abagore ba mbere batayihagaze, kandi ibi byakijije ishyingiranwa rye rya gatatu - ubuzima ntibyari biyemereye kuva mu ruzinduko igihe kirekire.
Yakundaga gusubiramo ati: "Sinshobora gutekereza ku bantu babanaga imyaka ibihumbi, kandi nzahura nazo iyo mpugiye kubitirengagizwa. Nejejwe no gukanda ku mazuru y'abahanga mu mapetars. " Jacqueline yakubise imiterere yumugabo we. Nkuko yabivuze ati: "Ndashaka kubana nawe kugeza imperuka kandi niteguye gutamba byose, uretse mu bitekerezo byanjye." Yizeraga ko gukurura urugendo muri byose bishya, harimo n'abagore, amaherezo bararengana. Yahisemo.