Namuhla, bambalwa abantu abangezwanga ngo-Comrade Che, onesibindi Command, umholi weCuba. Kusukela lapho kudutshulwa okubulalayo, u-Ernesto Guevara wathola ukungafi edolobhaneni laseLa Pewer. Ihlala kuphela ukuqagela ngenxa yento, inqubomgomo eyaphenduka inkanyezi yangempela ngemuva kokufa kwayo. Ama-T-shirts anemifanekiso yakhe nawo ayizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizigidi, kanye nabafundi, ku-Hurnow yakhe bakwakheka ama-rock opera, babeka imisebenzi, babhale izincwadi. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili kuphela eyedlule yama-T-shirts, ama-baseball cap kanye nama-mugs ngesithombe sakhe athengiswa ngezigidi eziyikhulu (!) Amadola. Futhi kusekhona iCologne, ubhiya nekhofi ngeRom ebizwa ngokuthi "Che".
Ama-Smolyan Curls, ukudonsa, amehlo amakhulu amnyama, i-semi-coulter - futhi nansi isithombe sesinguquko sothando. Umdwebo odumile onemibala emibili ye-CHE Guevara AFAS, owadalwa ngumculi wase-Ireland uJim Fitzpatrick kusuka esithombeni sika-1960, waguqulwa emhlabeni wonke. U-Ernesto neqiniso kwakuyinto efanelekile eyayikholelwa ngekusasa eliqhakazile, eqinisweni lokuthi inkululeko nokulingana kungenzeka emhlabeni, alwa nezikhali ezandleni zakhe.
Wazalwa emndenini ompofu. Ubaba, u-ErneSto Guevara Lynch, wasebenza njengonjiniyela okhethekile womphakathi, futhi wenza amaphrojekthi webhizinisi, hhayi futhi, aphumelele. Umama, uSelia de la Sulna, wayenezimpande zaseSpain. Waduma ngenxa yokukhanya kwakhe kwabesifazane: egqoke izinwele ezimfishane ezasiyisibindi esimangalisayo se-argentina, ebhemayo futhi kwesinye isikhathi ethusa umphakathi, ovela emphakathini.
U-Ernesto wayeyizibulo kuzingane ezinhlanu futhi wavuka ingane ebuhlungu, impilo yakhe yonke wahlushwa i-asthma. Futhi naphezu kwalokhu, indlela yokuphila ekhuthazayo yaholelwa kakhulu: Ibhola lezinyawo, umbhoxo ogayiwe, amahhashi, igalofu, ethandwa ukuhamba ngebhayisekili. Ngesikhathi sokuphoqelelwa kwendlu ngokugula, wayezifukuza, wafunda okuningi, kufaka phakathi imisebenzi kaMarx, engels, uFreud, uFreud, wambona izinkondlo, waze wabhala izinkondlo.
U-Ernesto Che Gevar nomndeni ngo-1941
Photo: Ru.wikipedia.org.
Abaphenyi bathi empilweni inguquko yayinobuhlakani bangempela. Ngenxa yokuthi i-asthma yesaba amanzi apholile futhi ngenxa yalokho yayivame ukungayinaki imithetho yokuhlanzeka komuntu. Wageza ihembe lakhe kuphela leNeylon, ngaphandle kokususa, egumbini lokugeza, kwesinye isikhathi langena emabhuthini ahlukene futhi alizange lihambe amabhulukwe ahlukene futhi alizange linqamule amabhulukwe, afanelwe yisidlaliso esingesihle sengulube. Kepha akuzange kumthinte nhlobo, wayengenandaba nokuthi ubukeka kanjani. Futhi wayehlala ethanda amantombazane. Babemthanda engqondweni, isibindi, ukuqeda kanye nobudlova. Abangane ngokwakhe bahlobana nobudlelwano bezocansi kalula, ngaphandle kokubanika ukubaluleka okuningi. Kwenye yalezi zinhlamvu, wabhalela umngani: "Ungakhohlwa ukuthi lokho kukhanyisa, esikubiza ngezocansi, udinga ukusula ngezikhathi ezithile, kungenjalo kuzophuma isikhathi eside, kuzothatha yonke imizuzwana yokuphaphama futhi kuholele enkingeni yangempela. " Kodwa-ke, uma ethandana, wanikezwa umuzwa ngawo wonke inkanuko. Uthando lwakhe lokuqala lwaluyintombazane ebizwa ngokuthi yiChinchin (Rattle) - Ubuhle bokuqala esikoleni, ngaphandle kwendlalifa ecebile. Futhi wakhetha u-ErneSto. Babefuna nokushada, ngemuva kokuphothula eyunivesithi, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi amacebo oComrade Che asevele ashintshile.
Ukuvuselela romance
Ukukhetha okungajwayelekile kunikeze isiphetho se-Guevar: ukusindisa abantu noma ukubulala. Waphothula i-Faculty of Medicine eBuenos Aires, wayefuna ukwenza lula ukuhlupheka kwabanye abantu. Ukuze ubone ukuthi abantu bampofu bahlala kanjani, baqhubeka nohambo oluya eLatin America esivinini esiyisithuthuthu. Imibono evela kulolu hambo kamuva yabonakala kuDayari Yakhe edumile "yesithuthuthu". Ngesikhathi sohambo, basebenza ngomunye nomunye u-Albert Gerbado bakwazile ukususa iqembu lebhola, bahlale ejele futhi basebenze eLeprosaria. Ngemuva kokuphothula eyunivesithi, u-Ernesto wayengenza umsebenzi wobudokotela omuhle kakhulu, kodwa esikhundleni salokho ngaya ekwelapheni abanochoko emhlabeni. Ngo-1954, esebenza eMexico City Hospital, wahlangana nabafowethu abangu-Castro. Futhi lo mhlangano waletha enye inhliziyo yokuzinikela ezikhundleni zenguquko. "Izinguquko azinikezi ukugula, noma ukungahambi kahle ngokomzimba, noma isimo esithile esingokomoya, nohlelo lokuxhaphaza kwezenhlalo kanye nesifiso esingokwemvelo somuntu wobulungiswa," ebhala.
Nomngane noFidel Castro
Photo: Ru.wikipedia.org.
Ku-Ernesto, bekubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi owesifazane wakhe othandekayo wabelana ngemibono yakhe. I-Peruvian Gilda Gadea yayisifana nalokhu: Ubuye wafunda ama-Classics aseRussia kanye neMarx. Ubengumfuduki wezepolitiki, ilungu le-APRA, u-Aya de La Torres Party, futhi eGuatemala wathola isikhundla se-Economist esikhungweni sikahulumeni. Ngenxa ye-Ihold, u-Ernesto wahlangana namalungu eqembu lamaKhomanisi aseGuatemalan ahlelwe kahle. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi watshela ukuthi umkhuleko wesikhathi esizayo enqoba inhliziyo yakhe: "UDkt. Ernesto Guevara wangihlabelela ezingxoxweni zokuqala nomqondo wakhe, ubucayi, imibono yakhe ngoMarxism ... Ulwazi lomndeni wakwa-Orchias, yena, enodokotela IDiploma ezandleni zaKhe, ingabe isebenza kalula ngawe ezweni lakuleli. Ngaleso sikhathi, wafuna ukusebenza ezindaweni ezibuyela emuva kakhulu, noma mahhala ekwelapheni abantu abajwayelekile ... Ngikhumbula kahle ukuthi sixoxe ngokuhlobene nalesi sihloko sikadokotela "kanye nezinye izihloko zesikweletu sikadokotela esibhekise kuzo Abasebenzi ... UDkt Guevara wayekholelwa ukuthi udokotela uphoqekile ukuba azinikele ekuthuthukiseni izimo zokuphila zezinqwaba ezibanzi. " Noma kunjalo, lapho ngo-1954 wamenza wamnikeza, wangabaza. Hhayi emshadweni, wachaza i-argentine enenkani, ehlose ukubona ukuthi ungowesifazane osemusha wanamuhla onamathela ekubukeni kwezenhlalo. Eqinisweni, akazange amethembe u-ErneSto, owayenezintombi eziningi ezithobela ngokwengeziwe. Futhi nokho bashada, indodakazi yeGuilde yazalwa kulo mshado. Kepha umzabalazo wezinguquko azange ashiye ithuba lalo mndeni. Umshado wanqanyulwa ngo-1959 - Ngalesi sikhathi, u-Ernesto wakwazi ukuhlangana omunye umlingani othembekile - imashi ye-arrentina aleut. Onke ama-Latin America ahleka ngawo amazwi akhe: "Ngeke ngibe yindoda uma kungenjalo abathanda abesifazane. Kodwa bengingeke ngibe yinguquko eguqukayo uma ngenxa yothando lwabesifazane bayeka ukwenza imisebenzi yami, kubandakanya nemisebenzi yami emshadweni. "
Hhayi kuphela
"Empilweni yokulwa nomuzwa, umfazi ungumngane othembekile oyingxenye yokwethembeka, ohlukanisa bonke ubunzima bempilo yokulwa, ethola induduzo yasekhaya ngayo," evela encwadini ka-Ernesto Che Guevara "yokulwa kwezinguquko."
Bahlangane eminyakeni yempi eyingxenye eCuba: UGuevara wayala izihlubuki, futhi u-Alaid wabamba iqhaza enhlanganweni engaphansi komhlaba futhi wenza inhloso ekhethekile. Kamuva, uChe wakhumbula: Ukubuka intombazane ebibambisene nokudluliselwa kwemali nemibhalo, waqhuma phakathi kwendima ye-Commander kanye nothando lwendoda emthandayo. Kepha lo muzwa wawungafanelekile: Ushiye lo msebenzi, u-Aleid wabe esebuya, wathi bekukulungele ukuhlala ekamu ukuzosiza ukunakekela abagulayo nabalimele. Ngokushesha waba ngumsizi womsizi we-comrade Che. Ngendlela, lesi sidlaliso savela ngenxa yezingxabano ze-Argentina ze-CHE, umkhulu ahlukunyezwa yinkulumo yomlomo. Wake wakhuluma naye ngomndeni wakhe, ngendodakazi yalowo onecala, owazalwa esejele, ukuthi wayekade ehlukana nomkakhe ... Vele, waqonda ukuthi yini. Nsuku zonke babona igazi nokuhlupheka, kodwa imizwa yabo yesisa yachuma kuleli gazi.
Kusukela kubalingani bezentengiselwano ka-Aleid, imashi yaphenduka yaba ngunkosikazi wenkosikazi othembekile futhi yamnika izingane ezine
Photo: Ru.wikipedia.org.
Ezikhumbuzweni sakhe, imashi yakhumbula izikhathi ezithinta imihlangano yazo: "Ngimi emngceleni wefektri, lapho sabukela khona ukunyakaza kwekamu lesitha, futhi ngokuzumayo che kwaqala ukufunda inkondlo, eyayingazi ukuthi ngilazi. Ngalesi sikhathi ngangikhuluma nabanye - futhi bekungumzamo wokuheha ukunaka kwami. Kwabonakala kimi ukuthi wayefuna ukuthi ngimbheke njengomholi noma induna, kodwa njengendoda. " Futhi enye yezinkumbulo ezibiza kakhulu yincazelo yakhe othandweni: "Ngiyesaba ukubonakala okuhlekisayo, kepha ngisangivumela ukuthi ngithi inguquko yangempela ihola amandla amakhulu othando." Umshado wama-Aleids no-Che bagujwa embuthanweni omncane ngoJuni 2, 1959, impela ezinsukwini eziyishumi ngaphambi kokuba aqokwe inxusa laseCuba. Njengoba iholo likaChe lalingama-pesos ayikhulu namashumi amabili nanhlanu, abangane bakhe kufolda basize lo mbhangqwana ukuba bahlele leli holide elincane. Ekupheleni komkhosi, i- "Studebecker" emnyama "yathatha umbhangqwana ojabulisayo nge-honeymoon emfushane. Ngaleso sikhathi, u-Aleid wayevele ekhulelwe ngengane yakhe yokuqala - ndodakazi u-Ayayditis, izingane ezine zazalwa kulo mshado. Bahlala ndawonye kusukela ngo-1959 kuya ku-1965, kanti uGuevara akazange aye eCongo. Ngokusobala, umfazi we-Commandent akazange endle ngokukhohlisa ngaye. Yize kunjalo, wabona: "Indoda akufanele iphile impilo yakhe yonke nowesifazane oyedwa. Uzoba isilwane nje, ebeka lo mkhawulo, noma kunjalo, wephula njalo - ecashe noma evulekile. " Ezikhumbuzweni sakhe, alore, eminyakeni eyalandela kamuva wakhumbula umyeni wakhe njengomuntu ohlakaniphile, okhathalelayo futhi omnene. Kepha, maye, hhayi wamemeza izinsuku zokugcina zeComandante.
ukuthunywa akunakwenzeka
Ngo-1965, ukulahlekelwa ngokuzumayo komholi wabo wokuguqula uChe Guevara kwaba isimanga esikhulu kuwo wonke amaCuba. Imibono ehlukene yavezwa: Kugula, kuboshwe, kubulawe. Futhi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuphela kamuva, kwashicilelwa incwadi yakhe yokuvalelisa, okuyinto Fidel Castro ngokwakhe yakhaphela ukuthi: "Ngenqabe ngokusemthethweni ukuthumela uNgqongqoshe, kusukela kusakhamuzi saseCuba ... akukho okungixhumanisa neCuba, ngaphandle kwe Ubudlelwano bohlobo olukhethekile, engingabenqaba ngalo, njengoba ngenqaba okuthunyelwe kwakho. " Ngakho-ke kwadalwa isixazululo esingalindelekile ... isithukuthezi. UGuevara wayezibandakanya ekuguqulweni kwezolimo, wayengumqondisi weBhange LaseNational, kamuva waba nguNgqongqoshe Wezimboni. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye ngokujulile ngesikhundla sakhe esiphambili. Engxoxweni nomngane, uChe uthe: "Bheka kimi kuleli thebula. Lapho abanye befa ngezinhloso zabo ... angizalwanga ukuze ngihole izinkonzo noma ukufela. " Ukuba semazweni asemazweni aseSocialist, kufaka phakathi i-USSR, wabuza imibuzo engafanele u-Chrushchev mayelana neBarcen Banquets: "Ngabe bonke abantu abasebenzayo bahlala ezweni lakho?" Futhi emadodolweni okuthiwa yiCairo, ukuqashelwa ngokuphelelwa yithemba: "Ngemuva kwenguquko, umsebenzi awuguquki. Wenziwe ubuchwepheshe kanye ne-bureaucrats. "
Ngakho-ke, wawemukela ngenhliziyo yonke umsebenzi kaFidel Castro ukuya eBolivia ukuyogumbuqela umashiqela weBartom futhi usebenzise kabi ukuphazamiseka kwemibuso engomakhelwane yase-Oligarchic yonke iLatin America. Kodwa-ke, abalimi baseNdiya basendaweni baqonda kabi lokho okwakubiza amaCuba anezintshebe. Izwe lisanda kudlula izinguquko, futhi abantu babengafuni ukushaqeka kwezinguquko. Bathathe abathengisi bezidakamizwa nokuzingela bakhipha amaphoyisa abo. Uhulumeni waseBolivian waholela ekuqothulweni kwe- "gang" ka-che hevars lonke ibutho lonke. Ngokushesha kwatholakala i-properan detachment. Ngo-Okthoba 8, 1967, kwathunjwa amaComandandante alimele, ngakusasa adutshulwe ezakhiweni zesikole edolobhaneni lama-gamers. Zonke lezi zinsuku zempi engaphumelelanga yempi eduze kwakhe kwakuyintombazane - ekhanyayo, enethalente, ehlakaniphile futhi ayiqondakali kakhulu.
Esithombeni sikaStephen Serveger "Che" Indima ye-Revolution Entekenteze EBenisio del Toro
Photo: Uhlaka oluvela ku-movie "Che"
Tanya-Partizanka
Igama lakhe kwakunguTamara Bunke Bider. Ngokwendlela efanayo, wasebenzela iCuban Intelligence eBolivia futhi waba yinkosikazi kaMongameli waseBolivia, kwabanye bekuqashwa yi-KGB. Abazali bakaTamara kwakunguKhomanisi waseJalimane owabaleka eJalimane. E-East Germany, le ntombazane yathola iziqu e-University of Leipzig, wabe esefunda eBerlin eButhothi Lezincwadi Nefilosofi yeNyuvesi yaseBerlin. Humboldt. Wayenobuhlakani futhi emuhle, wayengazi, isiRussia neSpanishi, ecula ngokuphelele, edlalwa ngezinsimbi zomculo eziningana, ezemidlalo ezemidlalo nokudansa. Ukutadisha eyunivesithi, uTamara uyaqondaniseka ngokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile enhlokweni eyimfihlo, lapho, ngaphezu kombono kanye nomkhuba wokuhleleka nokwenza lokho, bafundiswa ukuthi bangayithatha kanjani umuntu ofanele embhedeni.
I-KGB TAMARA yayaziwa ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym Tanya. Futhi ngokusolwa ukuthi lo mnyango wawethula emvelweni ka-Che Guevara. Bahlangane ngo-1960 eLeipzig, uTamaru unamathele kumyalo njengomhumushi. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukumelana nowesifazane omuhle kangako, futhi akazange azame. Ngokushesha base bevele behlotshaniswa nobudlelwano bebhizinisi kuphela. Ukwenza inguquko eBolivia bahlangana. I-bider yathatha igama eliqanjiwe likaLaura Bauer. Ngokufundisa isiJalimane futhi sikhombise inkanuko yakhe yokuthanda i-Indian Folklore, ubuhle bobuhle bethule ngokuzethemba kuMongameli waseBolivian, futhi ngasikhathi sinye wayefuna indlunkulu yempi yenkululeko yenkululeko. Njengoba usuthole umgcini weRadio othandweni "Akavunyelwanga othandweni", uTanya uthole ukufinyelela okungenamkhawulo emoyeni - futhi kubethelwe imininingwane ebalulekile ... lapho eseqedile, waya ezintabeni, waya ezintabeni kanye nomndeni wakhe. Kubonakala sengathi kufelwe empini - ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amane ngaphambi kokushona komphathi uqobo. Futhi kwenye inguqulo, wasinda futhi washiya e-USSR, eshintsha igama.
Futhi e-La-Igere Che Guevar manje sekuhlonishwe cishe njengosanta. Ukwahlulela ngezithombe ezigciniwe, ezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila, ngangilimele ngezinwele ezididekile, intshebe kanye nentshebe emnyama yobuso obumnyama kwakhumbuza uKristu. Akumangazi ukuthi ekuthwebulani amaqhawe athunjiwe akwazi ukunqoba inhliziyo yothisha oneminyaka engushumi nesishiyagalolunye, owamlethela ukudla. UJulayi Cortes wayengowokugcina izakhamuzi ezambona ziphila. Kamuva, wavuma ukuthi bathandana nabathunjiwe ekuqaleni: "Nginelukuluku lokungicindezela ukuba ngihambe ngiyobheka indoda embi nebabi, kodwa ngahlangana nendoda enhle kakhulu. Ukubukeka kwakhe kwakumbi, wabukeka njengesitembu, kepha amehlo akhe akhanya. Kimi, wayeyindoda emangalisayo, enesibindi, ekhaliphile. Angikholwa ukuthi ngolunye usuku okunye "okuyoke kubonakale."