Ukuguqulwa kanye nokubuyiselwa kokwakheka kwamakhala kungenye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zokuhlinzwa ngopulasitiki. Futhi yize amakhono obuchwepheshe nolwazi lwe-anatomy anatomy yasendulo angeke aqhathaniswe namakhono odokotela abahlinzayo bepulasitiki, noma kunjalo, emibhalweni yesandla ye-India, China, eGibhithe, futhi kamuva futhi iRoma angahlangabezana nezikhombo ngokubuya kwephukile, ihlazekile futhi Izimpumulo zahlukaniswa izinhlaka ezamukelekayo ngosizo lokuhlinzwa. Le kwakuyimizamo yokuqala yoRhinoplastics eyakhiwe kabusha, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi umuthi usuthuthukile ngokuqhubekayo, ufuna izindlela ezintsha nezindlela zokusebenza. Ukuchazwa okuningiliziwe kwenqubo yokubuyisa ikhala ngosizo lwesikhumba, oluthathwe esihlathini, sithola udokotela weSushruita Indian, futhi sibuyela enkathini yethu. EYurophu, imisebenzi enjalo yaqala ukwenziwa kuphela ngesikhathi seNkathi Ephakathi: udokotela owaziwayo wase-Italian Talicozzi waseBologna ekhulu le-XVI ngekhulu lakhe le-XVI wasungula futhi wachaza indlela yakhe yokulungisa ikhala.
Ikakhulu ekhaleni leplasitiki eyaqala ukukhula ngekhulu le-XIX. Ngasikhathi sinye, odokotela baqale baqala ukunaka hhayi kuphela ohlangothini lobuhle lwenkinga, kodwa futhi ukubuyisela umsebenzi wokuphefumula. Indlela yokuqala yokulungiswa kwempumulo yentuthu ingeyodokotela waseMelika uJohn Orlando Roy, obhekwa njengomunye wobaba beRhinoplasty. Inkazimulo kanye naye yahlukaniswa nguJasp Joseph, okwakha izimiso eziyinhloko zokusebenza kokulungisa nokwakha kabusha ebusweni.
Kwaleli khulu leminyaka, kwaba nesipiliyoni esikhulu ekubuyiselweni nasekuthuthukiseni ukwakheka kwesimo se-nosov, kepha uRhinoplasty kuze kube namuhla ukuhlinzwa okuhlinzayo kwepulasitiki, futhi okokuqala kuhlotshaniswa nesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi ekhaleni , ngakho-ke udokotela ohlinzayo - i-rhinonoplasty angaqhathaniswa nobucwebecwebe. Futhi njengoba wazi, ubucwebe babungasebenzi kuphela umsebenzi we-filigree, kodwa futhi nomuzwa ocashile wokuvumelana, ubuhle. Kodwa-ke, uma sikhuluma kuphela nge-aesthetics, khona-ke ngaphezulu kwamakhulu eminyaka, ukunambitheka kanye nokuthandwa ngabantu kushintshe kakhulu, kwakukhona ikhala elifushane futhi lilingene ngemfashini, khona-ke, ukhozi.
I-Rome neGrisi
Ikhala lasendulo laseRoma lidume nge-hubber yalo ye-piquant, ithiphu egobile egobile, amafomu aphakeme futhi anenkingeni. Ubonisa isibindi, amandla obusempi okubonisa ukuhlaselwa, futhi uma kunesidingo sokuhlasela. Amaqhawe amaRoma anohlobo lwezinkala ezinjalo abhekwa njengonesibindi, evikela izinto zawo njalo. Lapho sibheka impumuzo yalesi sikhathi, sibona amaphrofayli amadoda, alungele ukuphendula noma iyiphi inselele, gijimela empini enonya
futhi anqobe izindawo ezineemmy.
Elinye ibhizinisi ikhala lamaGrikhi. Izici zalo ezihlukile cishe ziqonde noma zilukhuni umugqa wenguquko ovela ebunzini ekhaleni, okungukuthi, cishe akukho ukuntuleka kwekhala okuzinikezele. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuphikisana nokuqiniseka ukuthi amaphrofayli afuna ukukopishwa kwakopishwa nabantu basendulo abangamaGrikhi abavela emvelweni. Mhlawumbe bebengumphumela nje wemibono yobuhle yama-ellinines asendulo, okungenani ngalesi sikhathi sokuhlangana nabantu abanezici ezinjalo banobunzima obukhulu, kubandakanya phakathi kwamaGrikhi anamuhla. Izithombe ezijwayelekile zalawo maGrikhi esizibonayo lapho sifika esontweni futhi sibona izithonjana zama-Orthodox ezibhalwe amakhosi aseByzantine (ubuso obubeletha, batshala kakhulu amehlo amakhulu athe xaxa kanye nekhala elincanyana elithambile).
Manje, uma kukhulunywa ngephrofayili yesiGreek, kuvame ukubhekisa ekhaleni elinokwethenjelwa ngokuphelele, elibonakala lilungele abaningi. Imvamisa, ukuveza ukuncoma kwakho ukuhlanzeka kwemigqa yephrofayili yomuntu ochaziwe, abantu bakhuluma ngekhala lamaGrikhi. Ngobukhosi, lokho
AmaGrikhi anamuhla awaphenduli ezindinganisweni zasendulo zamaGrikhi, amakhala abo azwa ithonya labase-Albinani nakwamanye amazwe aseningizimu, ngoba bakude nabantu abadala bezakhamuzi zase-Eldlats.
Impumulo yamaGreek ngokungafani noRoma ibukeka kahle ebusweni besifazane. Lokhu kungahlulelwa ngumfanekiso we-AFFODE kusukela ngesikhathi sakwa-Ellines wasendulo, ekhaleni lakhe eliqonde ngqo futhi elincanyana ngobuso obuhle obubhekwa njengokubhekwa njengesampula yobuhle nokuvumelana.
UGalla noNordes
AmaFulentshi anokuthile ongaziqhayisa ngengxenye yekhala. Kuphrofayili yangempela yakwaGallic, ukuzalaniswa kwangempela kuzwakala, uMbusi uJulius Caesar kuye kuphela futhi wahlukanisa amaRoma eGalov. Esikhathini eside, ekhuluma ngokubona, noma ngo-Eagle Bias - ikhala elinjalo lingabonakala eCharles de Garlozle naseNicolas Sarkozy. Yebo, uma ungalandeli izindaba zezombusazwe zaseYurophu, ukhumbule ikhala elijwayelekile laseFrance lika-Actor Remor Jean Reno.
Kumele ngithi, amakhala ama-gangic - lutho ku-amateur. Le ntokazi icasulwa izakhi zofuzo zabazali ngesitho "ngesipho" esingafanele futhi izogijima ukulungisa iphutha lemvelo epulasitiki ohlinza amapulasitiki.
Ukuthi ikhala lingu-Nordic. Amakhala ama-Celtic ne-Dinar anesisekelo esiphakeme, ngesimo aqondile, acocekile, hhayi ngokuqinile nobude obuncane (ngokungafani nesiGrikhi). Inzalo yamaCelt ingatholakala manje kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ikakhulukazi enyakatho yayo nakwi-albion eyiphutha. Mhlawumbe, ikhala leNordic (Celtic) lingumphathi wobuhle abaningi abafuna.
Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke amazwe aseNyakatho aqhayisa ngokungezwani komzimba. AmaNorman (angamaVikings), nawo ayevela ku-Nordic, kepha ayenekhala elinamahlaya elinesisekelo esiphakeme. Imvamisa, isimo saso sasibonakaliswa ukwakheka kokuqala (kwesinye isikhathi nawesibili) okwesithathu ekhaleni, kanti ithiphu lenziwa ngamandla. Namuhla, ama-Norman Theles
Imvamisa etholakala eFinns, eNorway nakwamanye amaNkathi.
Ekhaleni leSlavic
Ungaphikisana isikhathi eside, noma ngabe kunomqondo wokuthi kukhona "ikhala leSlavic", kepha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izakhamizi ezikanye nezakhamizi ezifanelekile ngandlela thile "zibala" phesheya. Yini izici? Ikhala laseRussia laseRussia libanzi kakhulu phakathi, linokudluliswa okuphezulu nobude obulinganiselayo, kanye nezimbatho zokuhamba ezinde zangaphandle
Izimbobo ze-nasal zidonswa cishe ziqonde phambili. Futhi uphawu olujwayelekile lweSlavic luyifomu "ukucaciswa" (ukungadideki nge-junction!). Ukucabanga ukuthi sikhuluma ngani
Ngemifanekiso ye-General School of Nikita Khrushchev naseMarshal Clement Voroshilov. Kepha ikhala lentuthu, kuvela ukuthi akulona iqiniso ukuthi i-Eastern Slavica (kuphela ama-7% aseRussia futhi ama-Ukraine asenzeka), okujwayelekile kakhulu kwalesi sibonakaliso samaJalimane (25%).
Vele, lokhu akuyona ukuhlukaniswa okuphelele, futhi ukuhlukahluka okuningi, ikakhulukazi njengoba sibukeze izinhlobo kuphela zase-nosov, ezishiya iMongoloid, i-Afrika
Okunye. Eqinisweni, ukwakheka kwempumulo kunqunywa ngenani elikhulu lezinto, futhi noma iyiphi inhlanganisela yazo ingadala ukubukeka kwayo okuhlukile.
Iphrofayili yezinsuku zethu
Manje kuyisiko ukubhekisa odokotela abahlinzayo bepulasitiki hhayi kuphela ukuqeda amaphutha noma ukubuyisela ukuphefumula okujwayelekile, kodwa futhi ukumane uthuthukise izinkomba zobuhle bokubukeka kwazo. Emzamweni wokuphelela, abantu bafuna ukubona ikhala labo elihle, lincane futhi liyaluza, benza ubuso obukhangayo futhi bungabi naliphi iphutha.
Enye yezindlela zokuthambekela zesimanjemanje ingabizwa ngokuthi inani elandayo lamadoda anxusa usizo odokotela abahlinzayo bepulasitiki. Ngalezo zikhathi lapho kuvela noma yikuphi ukubukeka kwathethelelwa esitezi esiqinile (nje ukuba "kukhulu kakhulu"), futhi amadoda ngokwawo ayafunwa kakhulu ekubonisweni kwawo esibukweni.
"Ngokuvamile, phakathi kweziguli zabo bobabili ubulili, abaningi bakhale ngesilinganiso sobukhulu bekhala ngokweqile
kanye ne-hut embi ebonakalayo, kepha inani elikhulu kakhulu lezikhalazo zezinciba zezinkonzo zokhozi
Kuyiqiniso, abesifazane, - amanothi uZurab Huzidze, omunye ohlinza amapulasitiki oholayo eRhinoplasty. - Unika umuntu ukuba abe yinhlamvu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ulaka - izici ngokusobala zingafuneki ngengxenye enhle yobuntu. Ukuba yingxenye ephakathi futhi enkulu kakhulu yobuso, impumulo ibeka isithombe sonke sokubukeka futhi ithinta umbono jikelele womuntu. Lapho sisusa i-Hubbie, ukubukeka kushintsha okungcono kube ngcono, bese ikusasa lesiguli liyashintsha. Uma sikhuluma ngezibalo, abantu abathathu abaphuma kwabayishumi beza nesikhalazo ekhaleni lamazambane, abanye abanelisekile ngobude nobubanzi bekhala, ubungako besimo salo. Ama-35-40% abantu aphoqeleka ukuthi aphendukele odokotela abahlinzayo bepulasitiki ngenxa yokulimala okutholakele noma okukhishwe yi-curvature ngenxa yezinye izizathu. Ngezikhathi ezithile, abesifazane baletha izithombe zosaziwayo nabo futhi bacela ukuba bazenzele ikhala elifanayo. Ngibheka lo mkhuba nakancane akukubi, ngoba iSampula ilethwe ikuvumela ukuba uqonde kangcono isiguli, ubone ukuthi empeleni uyakufuna, futhi ucabange ngezindlela zobuchwepheshe zokuxazulula umsebenzi.
Kuyiqiniso, kukhona imikhawulo ethile eyayelwe ukwakheka kwe-anatomical kwekhala. Isibonelo, ikhala elikhulu elinekhala eliphakeme kakhulu eliyinkinga yokunqanda futhi lincane u-Lâ Claudia Schiffer, kodwa ezimweni eziningi asaphumelela ngangokunokwenzeka ezicelo zesiguli. Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo ethandwayo, isikhumba ekhaleni siyakwazi ukuhlala kunoma yimuphi unyaka, ngisho nangeminyaka engama-60-70, ngakho-ke akukephuzi kakhulu ukunciphisa ikhala. Omunye umbuzo uthi: Indoda endala, kuzofanela ilinde umphumela - Isimo sokugcina sizokwazi ukuthatha izinyanga eziyi-8-18 kuphela. "
Izingxabano mayelana nokunambitheka
Lapho isiguli esinekhala sifika kudokotela ohlinzayo sepulasitiki, sikhumbuza ngokwengeziwe komlomo omkhulu, ngisho ne-asymmetrical, khona-ke isifiso sakhe sokushintsha ukubukeka kwakhe siyaqondakala, ngoba kukhona abambalwa abaxhumanisa nabo ". Kepha ngemuva kwakho konke, kunezimo lapho umuntu ovela emvelweni eyinhle, ekhaleni elihlanzekile, futhi ufuna ukulenza lincane. Noma udokotela uyabona ukuthi isiguli sifiswa yisiguli, uhlobo lwekhala ngokuphelele ngeke luvumelane nezici zobuso bakhe. Ungaba lapha?
"Okokuqala, udokotela ohlinzayo kufanele adlulise esigulini sokuthi inketho yekhala ekhethiwe ngeke ibuke ivumelanayo futhi ayilungile, - iyaqhubeka noZurab Huzidze. - Impela, kuyadingeka ukuba nokunambitheka kobuciko kanye nomuzwa wokulingana, ngoba umthwalo womphumela wobuhle ulele nodokotela. Uma isiguli siqhubeka nokuphikelela, kungenzeka ukuphakamisa kuye ukuze abonane nabanye ochwepheshe futhi bazwe imibono eminingana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela uhlala enelungelo lokwenqaba ukusebenza, uma ebona ukuqonda ukuthi awuthuthukiswanga phakathi kwalo nesiguli. Kuze kube manje, iziguli zivame ukuzifuna udokotela ohlinzayo noma zilandele izincomo zabantu obajwayele, noma kunjalo, lapho bekhetha uchwepheshe, kufanele bakhunjulwe engqondweni yokuthi cishe ngakunye kubo kunombhalo wesandla esisodwa. Futhi lo mbhalo wesandla ungavezwa ngezindlela ezihlukile: Udokotela oyedwa "ohlotshiswe" uhlobo olufanayo lwamakhala ahlangabezana namazinga athile futhi acacile, kanti elinye linezinto ezibucayi kuphela - imigqa yengqondo, ama-engeli, ama-trajectory. Kwesinye isikhathi kwanele ukuya endaweni yodokotela ohlinzayo osebenzayo futhi ubheke uchungechunge lomsebenzi wakhe ukuze uqaphele imilutha ethile yobuhle. Akukubi lapho udokotela enolwazi lwayo lwenhlangano, kodwa uma wena uqobo, akalingani, khona-ke kungcono ukusesha enye into okuthandayo owabelana ngayo. Futhi nokho, umshayeli ophakeme kunawo wonke oziveza ekhono lodokotela ohlinzayo ukugcizelela izici zomuntu ngamunye futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukudala okuthile okuhlukile. Ngemuva kwakho konke, iphrofayili efanelekile eRhinoplasty ayikho, kepha kunezinhlobonhlobo zabantu, ezihlukile futhi ezingafani, ubuhle bakabani bungagcizelelwa. "