Ngokomthetho, ngesehlukaniso sabalingani, lesi sigaba asinawo kuphela impahla ejwayelekile nehlangene, kodwa futhi nezikweletu eziphelele. Uma ulandela ubuciko. I-39 yekhodi yomndeni yeRussia Federation, khona-ke izikweletu ezihlangene zithole amaphuzu abalingani ngesikhathi sobudlelwano bomshado zisatshalaliswa phakathi kwazo ngokuya ngezabelo ezinikezwe kakhulu empahleni ejwayelekile. Imvamisa, ngoba impahla ihlukaniswe ngesigamu, khona-ke izikweletu zabalingani nazo zihlukaniswe ngesigamu.
Umthetho awuphazamisi abashadikazi ukuze babe nezibopho zesikweletu somuntu siqu, lapho bona, ngokuya nge-308 yezihloko ze-Civil Code of the Russian Federation, ahlanganise nomlingani wesibili. Uma oshade naye enesikweletu somuntu siqu esichithwa ezidingweni sabo, uhlala kuye kuphela futhi akahlukaniswa phakathi kwabalingani. Ngokwesigaba 1 sobuciko. I-45 IC yeRussia Federation, ukululama ezibophweni zesikweletu komunye wabashadikazi kungabhekelwa kuphela kuleyo mpahla yalomlingani.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kunamanye ama-nuances adinga ukucatshangelwa ngokuya ngezimo ezithile. Ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi emndenini waseRussia kanye nomthetho we-Russia, awukho umqondo wesikweletu esivamile sabalingani. Lokhu kusho ukuthi indima eyinhloko ihlala ingeyesiko yokwahlulela, futhi kuyaziwa ukuncika esimweni ngasinye esinqunyelwe yinkantolo.
Okokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izibopho ezihlanganyelwe zabalingani zibandakanya lezo zikweletu, abaqali bawo bobabili abashadikazi (bangasenza kuleli cala nabaqeqeshi, noma banikeze imvume esiphethweni sokuthengiselana). Okwesibili, izikweletu ezihlanganyelwe zifaka izikweletu ezivela ngenxa yezenzo zomuntu oshade naye, kodwa okuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisekisa izidingo zomndeni wonke wonke (ngokwesibonelo, ukuthengwa komlingani wefenisha ngesikweletu noma efulethini Umndeni kwimpahla ebanjiswayo kuphela kwabalingani).
Ezimweni eziphikisanayo, ingxenye yesibopho sezikweletu zabalingani besikweletu yenzeka ngesinqumo senkantolo
Photo: Pixabay.com/Ru.
Endabeni yokugcina, ukugcizelelwa encazelweni yeNkantolo Ephakeme ye-Russian Federation of January 17, 2017 n 4-KG16-67, umthwalo wokufakazela iqiniso lokuthi izidingo zomndeni noma izidingo zabo bobabili abashadikazi amanga kumlingani - obolekayo. Kulula ukufakazela ukuthi imali ebolekwe yona iya ezidingweni zomndeni uma kuziwa ekutholeni imalimboleko yempahla ebanjiswayo. Kepha kwezinye izimo kungenzeka ukubona isikweletu ngokujwayelekile. Lapho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi uthumele enkantolo yobufakazi - amasheke, amaresidi, izinkontileka zokuthengwa kwefenisha, impahla yasendlini, umsebenzi, ukuhlinzekwa kwabavakashi, ezokwelapha kanye nezinye izinsizakalo kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni, hhayi nje kuphela oshade naye, ngaphandle nje .
Le nqamputhe ikuvumela ukuthi uvikele izintshisekelo zabalingani uma kwenzeka umlingani wesibili enikeza irisidi enikezwe abanye abantu ukuthi banikeze inani elikhulu. Uma oshade naye engakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi leli nani lichithwe izintshisekelo zomndeni ngezinhloso ezithile, khona-ke izibopho zalomsebenzi, noma ngabe zikhona ngemuva kwalomlingani.
Ezimweni eziphikisanayo, izibopho zesikweletu somlingani zenzeka ngesinqumo senkantolo - Isimo sokwahlulela sisungula iqiniso lokutholakala kwezibopho, futhi futhi lifanelwe isibopho sesikweletu njengesikweletu esihlangene noma isikweletu somuntu siqu somunye wabashadikazi. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma isibopho sesikweletu sivele ngemuva kokuhlelwa kwangempela kobudlelwano bomshado, kepha nangaphambi kokuba isehlukaniso esisemthethweni, ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwe-Article 38 ye-RF IC, yamukelwa ngumlingani ongumsunguli we ukubukeka kwalesi sibopho sesikweletu.