Kwabonakala sengathi inkathi yokutholwa okukhulu yadlula isikhathi eside, kepha uhambo lwesibindi lwesiNorway Heyerdal lubonakalise okuphambene nalokho. Into emangalisa kakhulu ukuthi konke ukufezekisa kwakhe kwanda kwakamuva: ngokwesibonelo, ukubhukuda okudumile ku "Kon-Tika" kwenzeke ngaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka edlule.
Vele, ukubhukuda ku- "Con-Tika" akukwazanga ukushiywa ngaphandle kwe-kinema. Kepha ifilimu eliphakanyiselwe u-Oscar neGolide Globe ayizange ithathe umklomelo owodwa ... Imikhomo emikhulu yasiza, ukulwa noshaka, i-Offers ye-Hollywood Cinema ayisebenzi. Abagxeki baqiniseka ukuthi le yindaba ekhuluma nge-adventurism enhle, futhi izilaleli azikholwanga. Ngabe konke bekungenzeka kanjani futhi amafilimu okuvakasha heyerdala akwazile ukuwahambisa?
Imibono yokufezekisa okukhulu ayiwi kusuka ophahleni. Kuyacaca ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuvula iMelika okwesibili. Dinga umcabango oyingqayizivele, kanti uNorway unakho. Ukuqagelwa okuyinhloko, kwamphefumulela, kwakuwukufakazela izinga eliphakeme lesiko labantu ababethathwa njengezinto zasendulo. Futhi wayisebenzisa, kepha yini esebenza! Impilo yakhe iyakufanelekela ngempela ifilimu, hhayi eyodwa.
Futhi konke kwaqala ukubonakala kwangempela, edolobheni elincane laseNorway waseNarvik. Kukhona uhambo oluncane. Uyise wayengumbhishobhi, futhi umama wahamba othanda izimfundiso zikaDarwin. Usebenze eMnyuziyamu we-Anthropology, futhi mhlawumbe kwakuyithonya lakhe ukuthi wayenentshisekelo ekufundweni kwezwe. Ngale ndlela, eLarvik, impilo kaNorway yathula. Eduze komuzi kwakukhona i-Bay Bay, eyayijabulela inkazimulo emibi. Abafana basemadolobheni abaphuthelwa icala ukubhukuda kulo ukuze bajabulele isibindi. Kepha ukuma kwangempela bekufanelwe yilowo ogijima eceleni kwe-crossbar emincane, eyaholela ekugezeni. Uhambo oluneminyaka eyishumi olwenqabile uhhafu, lapho kucatshangwe ngokuzumayo. Futhi lapha kwavela ukuthi umfana akakwazanga ukubhukuda! Abangani e-stupor babukile, njengoba akhahlela izandla ngamanzi, kuze kube omunye wabo wamphonsa ijakhethi yempilo. Indaba yamxosha umfana emanzini. Uhambo olungakaze lufunde ukubhukuda.
I-Tour Heyerdal yenze ukubhukuda okudume nge-raft "kon-tika"
Photo: Ru.wikipedia.org.
Emndenini, bekungekhona futhi ngokuphephile. Ubaba wayesakuhamba, futhi umama, umqulu umkhipha embhedeni wakhe wenkosikazi, usanda kuthuthela egumbini elihlwanyelwe futhi wanikezela wonke amandla ekukhulisweni kwakhe. Futhi wathatha icala ngentshiseko ekhethekile. Njalo ngehora, yonke iminithi yomfana yapendwa. Ngenhlanhla, ingane yayisondelene nabantu, ngokwesibonelo, i-hermit ka-Ula yamyisa ezintabeni, lapho atshela khona ngezinyoni nezitshalo ... Le nsizwa yeza lapho ngo-1933.
IPharadesi eHarary
Impilo yomfundi omusha osontekile. Kepha izidumbu ngezincwadi zaphenduka isidina. Bengifuna ukufeza kwangempela, yebo ngokushesha! Futhi ngalokhu bengidinga umlingani ovuthayo. Ngandlela thile kusihlwa kusihlwa wambona - liv kusheron-torp. Umfundi wezomnotho ubuhle. Abalandeli bagijimisa izixuku ngemuva kwakhe, kepha kwakunguye owakhetha uhambo olunamahloni futhi washeshe waqala ukunqotshwa kwakhe kokuqala. Kwakunenhlanhla yokuthi i-liv yasheshe yabona umuntu ophakeme wezemidlalo. Okokuqala, bona, ngokweqiniso, baphikisana ngethonya elimazayo lempucuko umuntu ngamunye, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi ngehora lokuthandana nalo umlandeli wamnika ukuyontanta naye esiqhingini esingavinjelwe. NgoKhisimusi, ngo-1936, abancane bashada, baqoqa amasudi futhi bathela ohambweni lomshado oluya emaphethelweni omhlaba.
Bakhethe isiqhingi sase-Fatulu-HIVA, eseningizimu naseziqhingini zaseMarquis, eziyingxenye yeFrench Polynesia. Kwakuwukuphuza amanzi, futhi ngasikhathi sinye umlenze womuntu omhlophe akahambanga. U-Idyll uthathe unyaka: liv nohambo bagijimela nqunu ezindaweni zabo, badle ubhanana, bathathwa ezindaweni ezihamba ngezintaba, baziphathe kahle, baziphatha njengabo bonke abantu abajwayelekile eholidini. Kepha kungekudala abasanda kushada ezinyaweni zabo babonakala bebolile amanxeba e-bomito, umkhuhlane waqala. Lapho kuzwakala umsindo wesikebhe esiqhingini salo mkhumbi wezwakala, uHeyerdala wabuyela ekhaya. Uhambo lokuya epharadesi lwaphela ngokudabukisa.
Impilo ejwayelekile yaqala. Ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye, i-liv nohambo kwazalwa izibulo - uhambo oluncane. Ngawo lowo nyaka, incwadi yokuqala yabahambi "ifuna iPharadesi", ukugxekwa kwakubuthana ngokuvila. Uhambo lwalukhuni kabanzi, waqala ukunikela, wahlwitha eLiv futhi wahlukunyezwa nje. Kepha kungazelelwe kwathola ukuthi kukhona imidwebo yamatshe eCanada, ethathwa. ULiv wajabula, wabhala umama wakhe: "Ngonyaka wokugcina kwakunzima kakhulu! Manje sesiphumile kulokhu, sinezikhathi ezintsha ezizayo. "
I-Graffiti ukuhlonipha uhambo lwe-Heyerdal
Photo: Instagram.com/romvesen.as.
Kepha inkathazo ayihambanga ndawo. Izithombe zentsha zibona, kepha kule njabulo yokuhlala eCanada yaphela. UHeyerdalam akayona eyakho futhi kwakungekho ndawo yokuphila, futhi nani, ngaleso sikhathi, wayelinde ingane yesibili. Uhambo lwalukwazi ukuthola isisebenzi kuphela efektri yokubhema kokuhola, futhi ngemuva kwenyanga angikwazanga ukuma futhi ngagijima nje kumkami nendodana encane eNew York. Vele waqala impi yezwe yesibili, futhi wanquma ukuthi uthakazelisa kakhulu izinkathazo zasendlini. Yebo, lolu hambo lwalufuna ukuya ngaphambili, kodwa iminyaka eminingana kwadingeka ngifunde nge-radar. Kuphela ekugcineni kwe-Heyerdal Hererdal ethunyelwa esifundazweni saseNorway esekhululiwe esabalisweni futhi washaqeka ngombono wezindlu ezishisiwe kanye nezakhiwo ezibulawa yindlala. Waba yi-pacifist ekholisayo. Nge-Liv, cishe akazange akhulume ngaleso sikhathi, wabuya, wabona ukuthi wasekela abanqobi. Isehlukaniso sasingenakugwenywa.
Icala Lokuphila
Futhi ekugcineni, uhambo oludumile oluya ku- "Con-Tika"! Ngo-1937, ukuvakasha kwaqokomisa i-hypothesis iziqhingi zasePolynesia ezagcwala abantu baseNingizimu Melika. Kepha kwakumelwe afeze. Ekuqaleni, waqhamuka lapho ezophuma khona isimo. Ufunde ukuthi amadlozi amaPolynesia aphume olwandle, kanye neqiniso lokuthi uNkulunkulu wawo wabizwa ngokuthi uTiki, kanye nomholi odumile wezakhamizi zaseNingizimu Melika. Kodwa-ke, amaqiniso aqoqiwe angene ekuphikisaneni okunengxabano eyodwa engenakuphikwa: abantu basendulo abakwazanga ukusonta olwandle kwi-rafts. Kwakuthathwa njenge-axiom, nohambo lwakhe futhi kwabuza imibuzo. Wasuswa ukubhukuda emgodleni wokhuni! Akekho noyedwa kusosayensi okholelwa kulowo mbono, ikakhulukazi isifo sakhe esidumile seHerbert Spinden samgxeka. Wacebisa uhambo lokufeza umbono ohlanyayo. Ukumamatheka okunjalo kocwaningo uHeyerdal wahlangana nanoma ngubani owatshela ngabo. Ngakho-ke uLiv namadodana wafuzwa eNorway, futhi umhambi ngokwakhe wayefuna imali yokuhlela uhambo. Wayefuna ukuvala ibhande lawo wonke umuntu ongamkholwa. Kepha ekufuneni imali yathatha cishe iminyaka eyishumi. Kungazelelwe, imali yavela kuhulumeni eya ePeru, eyaheha umbono wokuthi uPolynesia waxazulula okhokho babo.
Ngo-Ephreli 27, 1947, isixuku sabuthana ethekwini ledolobha lasePeru of Cagliao, kodwa, sibona i-raft ogwini, wonke umuntu wahleka. "Madness!" - Bamemeza. Ukubuka esiNgisini ephukile kuzamile ukudlulisa emphakathini afuna ukufeza amaPolynesia. Wonke umuntu wakuthatha njengokuzama okumangalisayo kokuzibulala. I-American Ambulador ivule isibindi ngakho: "Abazali bakho bacasukile kakhulu, sebefunde ukuthi ushonile!" Kepha ukuzethemba kwalolu hambo kudluliselwe eqenjini. Wayekuthanda ukuphinda: "Sasicacile ngaleso sikhathi into eyodwa kuphela: uma i-raft iwela ngaphandle ogwini, wonke umuntu uzobhukuda ePolynesia kulogi, kodwa ngeke abuyele emuva."
I-Movie "Kon-Tika" (2012)
Photo: Uhlaka oluvela ku-movie
Ngakusasa ekuseni "UKon-Tika" washo kancane kancane ngemuva. Kwacatshangelwa ukuthi ezinyangeni ezintathu azosondela eziqhingini zasePolynesia ... Umshado waloluhambo waqhekeka emisebeni, imali yayingesikhathi eside, ngaphandle kwale nkomba yalo, wayikholelwa! Ungcwele ukholwe kuye!
Kwaqala izinsuku zangasese. Abahambi balala emathinini otshani emphemeni. Amanzi emasikweni asendulo agcinwe emiphongolweni yama-bamboo, futhi adla izinhlanzi ezibanjiwe. "Yihlanze olwandle okwesabisayo - amanzi angcolile," kukhumbula lolu hambo. Ukusuka Ezokuzijabulisa nge-raft kwakukhona isiginci, upholi, i-vodka nezincwadi. Uhlobo oluxakile kakhulu lokuzilibazisa lwaluwukuzingela koshaka. Imithetho yomdlalo yayimi ngalendlela elandelayo: Ukuzola izilwane ezizingelweni eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka, uzihudule ebhodini, bese ungabavumeli babambelele ezinyaweni zabo. Ngenxa yalokho, cishe njalo ngehora omunye wabashaka weza futhi waqala ukubamba konke nxazonke. Ukungena ngaphandle kwe-adrenaline! Iqembu kulo lonke lizwa ukaputeni. Noma kunjalo, vuma i-adventure, abantu bangabethemba kakhulu. Baze bazama nokungaqapheli ukuthi wayebhukuda, ephethe umphetho wempande.
Ngo-Agasti 7, 1947, ezinyangeni ezintathu nezinsuku eziyishumi ngemuva kokuqala kohambo, uKon-Tika wahlala eReef ogwini olusePolynesia. Ngo-Agasti 27, uHeyerdal wahlangana nomsakazo weRadio Amateur Radio Amateur wamcela ukuba adlulise kuDkt Spinden: "Ngibheke ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ngenze ukubhukuda kwangaphambilini ePeru - Oceania. Ngibheka i-balz raft ethembeke kakhulu kuzo zonke izimoto zakudala. " Heyerdal wanqoba.
"UCon-Tika" wamhambisa ngempilo entsha. Incwadi eyabhalwa nguye yahunyushwa ngezilimi ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa, futhi amadokhumenti ahlungwa yithola u-Oscar. UHeyerdal waba ngumhambi othandwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngeshwa, i-LIV bekungasadingeki - abashadikazi abahlukanisile. Mhlawumbe indima yakhe yadlalwa yi-Ivonn Dedekam-Simonsen, lapho umhambi ahlangana khona nokuncane futhi ashada ngayo ngokushesha. U-IvOn wahamba nomyeni wakhe kukho konke ukuphuma, bendawonye baya e-Easter Island futhi bezama ukungahlukaniswa. Wayebonakala ethola umfazi ophelele, kepha wakwazi ukuyiguqula. U-Ivonne wahlupheka. Wayeyithanda le noNorway.
Kusuka eRussia ngothando
Ngobunzima, isibongo Heyerdal esashiwo eRussia asaziwa. UKhrushchev wayelalela imibono yakhe futhi uhlala ehamba njengesipho ku-caviar emnyama, futhi incwadi ye-navigator yema eshalofini le-Schoolchch. Uhambo lwaluvame ukungqubuzana lwezinhlanga ezithwele e-USSR, futhi akekho owamangala lapho efuna ukuthatha ebhodini le-satellite yaseRussia. Isiphetho samamatheka uYuri Sentevich. Ekuqaleni, wacishe waphela amandla entokozo, kodwa washeshe wabona ukuthi le yinhlanhla yangempela - ubungane neHeyerdal bamvumela ukuba athathe uSihlalo wohlelo oluphambili "lokuhlehlisa".
Isikhathi sokuqala uSenkech sihambisane nohambo ngo-1969. Ngaleso sikhathi, uHeyerdal waba nesithakazelo emlandweni wokuqongelela eGibhithe lasendulo futhi ezifundweni zakhe aphenduke ngendlela ebekiwe. Isikebhe esivela ku-papyrus esibizwa nge- "RA" sakhiwe ngemidwebo evela kumathuna aseGibhithe, khona lapho kuqubuka imibhoshongo. Ngeke ukwazi ukukuqhathanisa neKon-Tika. Manje uHeyerdal wayeyinkanyezi, futhi imali bekungeyona inkinga. Kepha ukubhukuda kokuqala kwehlulekile: Kokubili amaphilisi okuqondisa aphuka, futhi uPapirus wanika ukugeleza. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva zitholakele e-raft evuthayo. Kuhle ukuthi akekho noyedwa oye wahlupheka. Ngokwemvelo, isiNorway sangehlile. Futhi unyaka awuzange uye olwandle ngesihlobo esiphelele se- "RA". Umzamo wesibili wawuthweswa umqhele ngokunqoba, kepha waphinde waba isehlukaniso sangaphambi kwesakhiwo. U-Ivon ugcine ukushada nohambo lwaseminyaka engamashumi amabili, kepha akabe esakwazi ukubekezelela ukuvukela umbuso. Cabanga kuphela, ngisho nasemshadweni wendodana endala, wahola inkosikazi yakhe!
Unkosikazi wokugcina uhamba jacqueline bir
Photo: En.wikipedia.org.
Ukuhamba bekulokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kuye. I-Teat elandelayo yeHeyerdal yayibhukuda ku- "Tigris". Kulokhu wacabanga ukukhombisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zaseMedlerreach zaxhumana kanjani nomhlaba wonke ngesikebhe somhlanga. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezine zokubhukuda, uhambo lwalulinde ukumangala okungathandeki. Isikebhe saphikwa emnyango wendawo yamanzi eLwandle Olubomvu, ngoba imikhumbi yezempi yadonswa lapha. UHeyerdal waphuma kuye wamisa i- "Tigris" esibonakaliso
Ukubhikisha.
Akasayanga olwandle futhi, kodwa waqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza ekuhambeni okusekelwe emhlabathini. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, ukuqagela kokuqala ukuthi amaphiramidi e-State University ku-Teinery-FE azakhiwo zehlelo, hhayi amatshe angahleliwe. Ngemuva kwaloko, ku-canar, uthole isakhiwo sakhiwe ngakusekhulu le-XV! Yebo, futhi impilo yomuntu siqu yashaya ukhiye. Wayesevele eneminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa nesikhombisa, lapho uHeyerdal eshada okwesithathu ku-Miss France, uJacqueline Bir, okubonakala njengothando lwangempela lwangempela lwamaNorway. Ekugcineni usupholile. Unkosikazi wayehlala ekhona, izingane zaqala ukuxhumana noyise, futhi umzukulu wahamba ezinyathelweni zakhe kwathi ngonyaka ka-2006 waphindaphinda ukuphumelela kokubhukuda ku- "Con-Tika", okufakazela ukuthi kwakungeyona inhlanhla nje.
AbaseNorway bahlonipha inkumbulo yempiok. E-Oslo, imnyuziyamu yakhe itholakala, imibukiso eyinhloko yazo i-raft "ye-kon-tika" kanye nesitimela sasePapiral "RA-2", kanye nesithombe esikhulu esivela esiqhingini sasePhasika. Kepha abagxeki abaningi bathi uHeyerdal waduma ngokutholwa kwesayensi, kodwa ngeqiniso lokuthi wakwazi ukwethula isayensi njengenoveli ethokozisayo.
Washona entwasahlobo ka-2001. Usosayensi wabulawa isimilo sobuchopho esizungezwe izihlobo. Futhi kubonakala sengathi kuphela okungavimba ukufika kwakhe. Impilo yakhe yonke yayihileleke ekucwaningeni kwezwe, futhi impilo ejwayelekile yayisehlelweni lwesibili. Mhlawumbe bekungukuthi ukuthi abafazi bokuqala abakuma, futhi lokhu kwasindisa umshado wakhe wesithathu - impilo ibingasavunyelwe ukushiya isikhathi eside ukuvakasha.
Wayekuthanda ukuphinda: "Ngeke ngicabangele abantu abaye baphila inkulungwane, bengaphansi kwakhe, futhi ngizobhekana nalapho ngithola ungazinaki. Ngijabule ngokuchofoza ekhaleni lososayensi bama-superstars. " UJacqueline ushaye umlingiswa womyeni wakhe. Njengoba asho: "Ngifuna ukuba nawe kuze kube sekupheleni futhi ukulungele ukudela konke, ngaphandle kwakho ngemibono yami." Ukholelwe ukuthi ukuheha kohambo kukho konke okusha, kufaka phakathi abesifazane, ekugcineni badlulile. Wenza ukukhetha.