I-Graffiti ibizwa ngokuthi ubuciko obekufanele, futhi le nkulumo imisindo, vele, kusukela ekuhlanganyeleni abangayivumeli imibhalo nemidwebo, ukunxusa (futhi kwesinye isikhathi izilinganiso). Kepha sizoba ngoFrank: Sekuphele iminyaka engamashumi amabili, njengoba abaculi - ama-graffitists angabalwa ngokuphepha kwabadali bangempela, eshintsha lo mqondo wangempela. Bangobani, abahlabeleli basemgwaqweni benkululeko, bafunani, kungani befihla ubuso babo, njengokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, i-Banksi edumile neyaba nzima?
Kubukeka sengathi ezweni lethu, akekho owazwa ngesendlalelo mayelana ne-graffitists ethile - okungenani kwakukhona kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye ngekhulu lamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Futhi, maye, kule minyaka edayisayo, izithombe nemiyalezo yodonga akuzange zifane okungenani uhlobo oluthile lobuciko. I-Naspech yahlanjwa noma yabhalwa umaki, ibekwe ezitimeleni zezitimela, ezitolo eziseziteshini zasemabhasini, ngemuva kwendlu yesikole, emthonjeni waya emtholampilo, kuvame ukubambelela, noma ngabe zicabanga nge-graffiti labo abakhule futhi wakhulisa eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nangamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Kodwa-ke, eNtshonalanga, isimo saba cishe okufanayo, noma kunjalo, siseduze: ekuqaleni kobuciko basemgwaqweni we-zero (kusuka kubuciko begama lesiNgisi - ubuciko, ubuciko, ukudweba, umdwebo, ama-aphrastiki ezomlando. Ngokuvamile, kuze kube yilapho abaculi basemadolobheni amahle basemadolobheni, abaningi babo abangazange badonse isihloko, baphishekele futhi benqatshelwe, maqondana nakho konke okuvela ngaphansi kwezandla zabo, njengesenzo sokucekelwa phansi. Ebusweni kufanelekile ukuthi aqaphele ukuthi iningi lendalo yamakhosi angaziwa lalifana nokonakaliswa, futhi leli qiniso laphazamiseka kakhulu ngamaphayona anethalente ngempela elalifuna ukuthuthukisa igama labo kanye nombhalo wesandla wedolobha. I-Tabuatiy nengozi - Yiqiniso, uhlobo olunjalo lweRomance Manila baba yiflafitist cishe yonke ingane. Bekungamangala kubaphikisi abancane uma bebheka emuva futhi bafunda umlando wombuzo!
Ngemuva kwakho konke, eqinisweni, noma yikuphi ukuklwebheka noma ukungqongqozwa ngaphezulu kombhalo futhi kukhona i-graffiti. Imidwebo yemfashini, ihluzo zakudala, "Ukuxhumana" kosopolitiki baseGrisi yasendulo neRoma ezithombeni nasezinhlotsheni, ukwamukela imishwana yabawinile abathathe i-reichstag ne-aportamentar "lapha kwakungu ..." - yebo, konke lokhu kubhekiselwa ku-graffiti.
Ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, eliseduze namashumi ayisithupha, okubhaliwe, okudlalayo noma okuhlambalazayo, abantu abasha abavinjelwe, kwavuka kungazelelwe ukuthola imibhikisho yezepolitiki, futhi manje i-graffiti iba ngolimi lokubhikisha futhi lubuyiselwe. Intsha, exakeke ngokomela ukubonwa futhi yezwakala, eyayifuna ukumemezela imibono yabo emhlabeni, yathola indlela enhle yokwenza lokhu - ngoba akukho lutho olungcono kunokubhala i-manifesto, ukuqashelwa noma ukushaya ngemoto kamasipala. Izinkulungwane nezinkulungwane zabagibeli eziqonde ezindabeni, intando noma ama-anleills babona isikhalazo sabaculi abangaziwa bakho nabo.
Kumashumi ayisishiyagalombili enkundleni ye-Staritort Arena, kuvela amakhosi, asezinganekwane - uJean-Michel Baska, uStash, uLenny McGURR, okwaziwa ngokuthi futura2000. Namuhla, omunye wabo usevele wehle kude nebanga, futhi othile wasuka esigabeni sabantu abashushiswe futhi eshaya isimo sabaculi abaziwayo.
Mister x
Udumo, ukuqashelwa, imali, ukuphikelela - yebo, konke lokhu kunomhla womhlangano ongahlukaniswanga. Cishe wonke umuntu okhule emigwaqweni yobugebengu, lapho okubhaliwe odongeni kwavela ilebula leqembu lezigelekeqe, namuhla bahlala eLaLa. Konke ngaphandle kwe-Mnumblious Mnum.
Yini esiyaziyo ngobuntu obudume kakhulu futhi obukhulu kakhulu be-World Street Art? Ubuhlakani besikhathi esizayo somdwebo wezepolitiki nangomhlambi wazalwa eBristol ngo-1974. Kubukeka sengathi kuthweswe iziqu ekolishi elihlonishwayo elinethegi eliphakeme lentengo yonyaka wokufunda. Le nto encane iyamangaza, ngoba iBhangedi yamanje iphikisana nezikole ezizimele, ikholelwa ukuthi zizalela ukungalingani kanye nesigaxa somphakathi.
Indlela yakhe yaqala njengabaningi: le nsizwa yayingumStreet Riker, ozobala imizuzwana emile yabangela ukuba imibhalo yakhe ezindongeni ze-bristol yakhe yendabuko yashiya amaphoyisa ngamaphoyisa amnyama. Bathi, Wenze umsebenzi wokuqala eqenjini labantu abanomqondo ofanayo - wedwa ebhange waqala ukusebenza eduze kwe-zero. Sekuvele ekuqaleni kokuphakamisa kwayo kokudala, kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele izici ezingenzeka kuye kuphela - ukucaca, ukuqonda okujulile, ukuqonda okujulile, umsolwa odongeni, othunjiwe odongeni lwedolobha kusethuthumela. Kepha ikhono lakhe lakhula, futhi kanye naye kwakhula kwathi isikhathi esasidingwa yi-banksi ukuba sisebenzise umdwebo esakhiweni. Ungaba kanjani ukuthi ikhwalithi yomsebenzi, noma idumela lodokotela abangaziwa ngeflaffitist, ababengafuni ukuza ngaphesheya konogada bomthetho nakancane? Inganekwane engaqondakali yesikhathi esizayo yenza ukukhetha okuthandwa yizazi phakathi kwamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Nguyena owasiza ukuqeda ukwakheka kokubhala ngesandla okunophawu lwe-bankxi - kanye ne-akcute yezenhlalo ne-wonistering.
Ngenxa yezinhlaka zomsebenzi we-banksy kwaqala ukuvela kulo lonke iBristol, bese emhlabeni jikelele. Kepha, naphezu kokuthandwa okukhulayo, akekho owakwazi ukwehla ubuntu bomculi. Mayelana nale mfihlo aphulukise hhayi izimpaphe eyodwa yobuntatheli.
Umbhalo ojwayelekile wesandla
YINI IMIBHALO YOKUGCINA KWESIBHENI KANYE NOCABLIGAME AKUFANELE BALANDE BASEBENZELWE NAMANDLA, NGESIKHATHI SOKUGCINA UKUTHENGA Imfihlo yegama langempela lomculi othandekayo. Kukholakala ukuthi amabhange yiqembu lababhali, hhayi umuntu oyedwa. Kepha le nguqulo, ngakho konke izilingo, ayitholanga ukuqashelwa kwendawo yonke.
Namuhla kunemibono emithathu eyinhloko yokuthi ungubani. Owokuqala kwaba ukuxhumana kwe-bangxi nomholi weqembu elihlasela uRobert del Naya. Ukuthi uDel Naya angaba ngumdwebi ohlukile, akhombisa ubufakazi obungaqondile. Ngakho-ke, i-banksy ingumuntu othanda abadumile weqembu elikhulu lokuhlaselwa, uvame ukukhuluma abaculi ezingxoxweni zakhe ezingaziwa. Ngenkathi uDel Naya uqobo uyazibandakanya ubuciko be-graffiti, futhi wazuza impumelelo enkulu.
Omunye umbono, ongakakulungeli ukwenqaba izintatheli, akukho zintatheli - ukuxhumana kweBhangedi noJamie Hewletta, umculi we-comic kanye nomqambi we-gorillaz group. Isizathu sokusolwa kwakuwukucwaninga okuthile kokwahlulela obekufisa ukuhlala kungaziwa. Uqinisekisa ukuthi ukubhala ngesandla kanye nesitayela lapho abaculi bagcwala khona ngesandla esifanayo abangela ukuthi "amacala" adumile "ezakhiweni zeBristol.
Umbono we-The Robert Hunningham uthathwa njengodumo futhi uqinisekiswa. Abaphenyi baxoshwa emaqinisweni: Ngakho-ke, amabhange aqinisekisile ukuthi iBristol iyidolobhana lakhe lapho aqala khona indlela yakhe. URobert, ogama lakhe lingagawulwa eBanksy, futhi kusuka ku-bristol. Muva nje, kudutshulwa iHunningham, kwahlaselwa ngo-2004, kwahlaselwa izintatheli, kwathi kungokwedlule ngo-2004, - kukhombisa indoda ephakathi nezawoti. UFakazi okungenzeka owayehlala eduze komndeni waseHunningham wakhomba uRobert esithombeni waqinisekisa ukuthi azodonswa kahle ngoMeshizi futhi adale imifanekiso eminingi yobungcweti. Umakhelwane watshela iqiniso lokuthi le nsizwa yafunda ekolishi langasese lapho iqhawe lethu lobuqhawe lingafunda khona. Ubuye watshela nokuthi ngenxa yokuzilibazisa okuyinqaba kwensizwa, ubudlelwano be-graffiti emndenini bashaywa, kwathi le nsizwa yashiya ikhaya layo. Umkhondo olandelayo we-Robert Bang XXI ulahlekile: Alikho umthetho oyedwa emaphoyiseni, okuthi kuyamangaza, okucatshangelwa ukuthi abaculi bakatshani baboshwe kanjani, akunamlando owodwa ngenhlawulo, ukuyothenga, izindlu eziqashisayo, imfundo - UMnu Hunningham, owaqala indlela yakhe njengodokotela weflafi, wachithwa. Abaningi bebelokhu bezama ukuhlobanisa ama-robert amabili ndawonye. Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka ka-2011, umthengisi ongaziwa ubeka inkatho engajwayelekile endalini ye-Intanethi - ucezu lwephepha eline- "geam gama langempela lebhange". Intengo esunguliwe iyizinkulungwane ezintathu amadola - usuku lwasuka esigidini esisodwa (!). Ngemuva kwalokho, umthengisi, futhi inkatho yanyamalala, futhi kunezinto zonke zokukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kwaqalwa ngumculi ngokwakhe.
Umdwebo Obalulekile
Kepha ubunikazi be-banksy, noma kunalokho, ukungaziwa kwakhe kungukuchaza okunopende, i-raisin, i-cherry kwikhekhe kuyo yonke le ndaba. Umnyombo wayo, umnyombo kanye nesisekelo - emisebenzini uqobo, kanye nengxenye yoFakazi kanye nezinkolelo zomculi abalethe abalandeli ngosizo lwepende ngopende. Bakhuliswa ngofakazi bamuva, futhi badabukile, basuka enhliziyweni, amazinga agcwele emigwaqweni kanye ne-Irony Street-Levels bahlanganiswa nokuqonda okumangalisayo kwesikhala sanamuhla sase-Urban. Benza lonke uhla lwemizwelo: othile (kaningi kakhulu - abameleli baka-Elites obusebusayo) bathukuthele futhi bathukuthele, bezama ukuvimba imidwebo yoMdali ongaziwa kubo. Kusukela ekuqaleni, kusukela ngesikhathi bavela ezindongeni ze-bristol, abantu bomuzi bavikela i-graffiti ye-banksy, ngokuvamile abavikela ngokoqobo kusuka ku-grey upende. Kunenganekwane: Lapho izinsizakalo zasemadolobheni zifika endaweni "yesehlakalo sobugebengu" nge-mop namabhulashi, ukuhlanza udonga lwesitolo, lapho kwakukhona isithombe se-banksy somndeni wasebukhosini, umnikazi ongaziwa we Lesi sikhungo sasikhala futhi sacela ukuyeka, sabamba abamele izingalo zezingalo banikele ngemali yonke imali yosuku lwakho. Namuhla, izisulu ezinjalo azidingeki: Ukudalwa komculi bekuphakathi kwezinto ezivikelwe ngobuciko bomhlaba.
Umculi ngokwakhe ubonakala ekhululekile kakhudlwana ngaphandle komthetho, esimweni sokungaphansi, ngaphandle kwe-hype nokuvuka. Uhlekisa ngokungagwegwesiya kwabalandeli bakhe abacebile (kufaka phakathi uBrad Pitt, noChristina Aguilera). Isibonelo, ngemuva koSothebis ngo-2007 kwamemezela ukuqala kokuthengisa kwemisebenzi ngumculi ngemali enhle, i-banksy eshicilelwe kwisiginesha yayo esuka endalini ngesiginesha engenakuqhathaniswa: "Ngabe unazo ngempela ama-idiots, uthenge. Okuphawuleka futhi kwathi lapho kwenzeka khona okukodwa ku-Setheby ukucekelwa phansi komsebenzi wakhe odumile "ngebhaluni", okushaqise umphakathi ethukile. Kuliqiniso, bomile ukuthinta indalo ye-banksy ayikumisanga ngisho neqiniso lokuthi isithombe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthengisa (ngamaphawundi ayisigidi! Abalandeli baqamba kabusha "ntombazane", bakubiza ngokuthi "Uthando kudoti lungakwazi", okwakuthengiswa ... kwaba yizigidi ezimbili nawesigamu! UMdali uzokwenziswa le nqwaba yezezimali, lapho imibukiso yakhe emibhalweni engaphansi kokuthengiswa kwemidwebo eNew York Central Park, lapho abadlulayo bethola umsebenzi, hhayi ukuthi ngubani ongumbhali wabo, imali engokomfanekiso. Kuliqiniso, ngemuva kokuphromotha kwathiwa, abathengi abaningana bokuqala bathengisa kabusha ubuciko, okubonisa okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu kunenani lokuqala, inani. Emva kwalokho, i-graffitist yathi ngeke kusaba khona izivivinyo ezinjalo futhi kubonakala kudumele kakhulu emphakathini wanamuhla. Akunandaba noma ngabe i-banksi izama kangakanani ukubhekana neNhlangano yokusebenzisa, kuze kube manje imizamo yakhe iphendukela kuye.
Futhi noma kunjalo, njengoba usuthole konke, akayeki, ekhombisa ukunganaki izindinganiso zanamuhla - imali etholwayo, udumo nokwamukelwa. Akahleleli ukuqoqa imali, ethengisa amathikithi ombukiso wegalari, ephikisana nabo kwiphrojekthi yabo "engcono ngaphandle kunangaphakathi", lapho ashiya indalo yakhe ezindongeni zama-megacols, wonke umuntu angavuma. "Ngiyazi ukuthi ubuciko basemgwaqweni buya ngokuya bufana nesiqondiso esikhulu kwezobuciko okuhloswe ngalo ukuthengiswa, ngakho-ke bengifuna ukudala ubuciko obungenayo futhi ngeke ngibe yithegi lentengo," kusho i-banksy nengxoxo engaziwa. Uyakholelwa, yini ekholelwayo, anikezela ozakwabo (ngokwesibonelo, i-graffiti edumile "P183 R. I. P. P. P. P. P., enikezelwe" umculi wePasha 183). Usangeke avule ubuso, aqinisekise ukuthi imisebenzi yakhe ayihambelani nomphakathi, futhi ngokuzithoba abhekisele eqinisweni lokuthi basakubheka njengento eyihlane kanye nesigebengu, ngoba, ngamazwi akhe, "lapho i-graffiti iyeka ukuba yi-a Ubugebengu, ulahlekelwa yiwo wonke umongo wakho. " Kodwa-ke, ngisho nabagxeki be-banksy ngeke bakwazi ukubona: Lokho okwenziwa ngumculi wasemgwaqweni wamahhala, ngokungangabazeki, ubuciko banamuhla. Lowo samfanele.