Intende yesandla sohlu lokufa kwabantu baseRussia babambelela khona izifo zenhliziyo (CVD), okuyinhloko yalokho isifo senhliziyo esingu-Ischemic kanye nokushaywa kobuchopho kubangelwa yi-atherosclerosis. Okusho ukuthi, lesi sifo, lapho izindonga zemikhumbi zihlanganiswa khona futhi kuvela ama-plaque kuzo.
Odokotela baqokomisa izici eziyingozi eziyi-4 ezingokomlando atherossteosis. Lokhu ukwephulwa kwe-lipid (fat) yokushintshana, noma i-hypercolestolemia (ngamanye amagama, izinga elikhulayo le-cholesterol egazini); i-arterial hypertension; Ukubhema nokwephulwa kokushintshana kwe-carbohydrate.
Ukwephulwa kwe-lipid metabolism kutholakala eRussia kaningi, kungenxa yokudla kwethu. Emazweni ase-Asia, lapho abantu bebekwe khona ekudleni kwesitshalo nakwamasosha, i-pathology enjalo cishe ayaziwa. Ngokusho kwe-Acomemian Rafael Oganova, umnikelo we-hypercholesterolemia ekufeni kwangaphambi kokubulawa kwabantu kwaBakwethu ngu-23%, futhi eminyakeni elahlekile yempilo enempilo - 12%.
Imvamisa, ukwephulwa kwe-lipid metabolism kutholwa ngisho nasezinganeni. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nesifundo esisodwa, ukuhlaziya kwakufundwa ka-1277 amaRussia aneminyaka engama-5-34 ebulawa ngokulimala. Ngisho naseqenjini elincane leminyaka, elineminyaka engu-5-16 ubudala ngamacala angama-87% kuma-aorts atholakale amabala amafutha. Ngakho-ke, odokotela bathi, ukuvikela kwe-atherosteosis kufanele kwenziwe kusuka ezipikili ezincane.
Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 emazweni athuthukile omhlaba, izinhlelo zikazwelonke zokulwa ne-atherossteosis zenziwa. Uma silandela izincomo zomhlaba wonke, ama-60% abantu abazosebenza eRussia adinga okungenani ekudleni naku-15-20% ekuphathweni kwezidakamizwa kwamazinga aphezulu ama-cholesterol. Kepha iziguli cishe azizi lutho ngazo. Iminyaka eminingi, isifo se-atherosclerosis siqhubeka ne-asymptomatic futhi sivame ukutholakala kuphela ezigabeni ezimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukufa, infarction ye-myocardial nokuhlanza unhlangothi kuvame ukuthuthukisa kungazelelwe lapho ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kungatholakali.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wombuso, cabanga ngodokotela - ukukhomba hhayi abantu kuphela abasebulewe lesi sifo, kodwa futhi nalabo abafakiwe eqenjini lengozi. Lokho wukuthi, ngengcindezi ephakeme (engaphezu kwe-140/80), amazinga we-cholesterol ngaphezulu kwe-5 mmol / l, umthamo okhalweni ungaphezulu kuka-102 cm emadodeni naku-88 cm kwabesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi eRussia kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuqinisekiswa okuphelele kwenani labantu ngokukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nesifo sikashukela - ama-pathologies amabili enza umnikelo omkhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-atheroscleosis.
Kodwa odokotela babona ukuthi bonke abantu abavela emaqenjini engobukhosi ukutshala imishanguzo akufanele kube - ukwelashwa kwemithi ephakeme ye-cholesterol kude nalokho kuletha umphumela. Inkinga ukuthi umuthi awusakwazi ukunquma ngokunembile ukuthi ngubani okudingeka aphathwe empeleni, futhi ubani ongekho. Kepha odokotela banethemba lokuthi abantu abaningi balungele ukulungiswa okujwayelekile kokudla ukudla kanye nendlela yokuphila enempilo, ehlanganisa imidlalo yokubhema, ezemidlalo kanye nemidlalo yangaphandle.
Izinhlanzi ngoLwesine
Ngakho-ke, abantu abavela eqenjini lengozi kufanele bathobele ukudla. Yidla okungenani ama-servings ayi-5 ahlukene nemifino emisha nezithelo nsuku zonke. Ingxenye eyodwa - i-apula eli-1, i-orange, eliphakathi kwe-banana; 1 ucezu olukhulu lwekhabe noma uphayinaphu, ama-2 kiwi noma ama-2 plums, ama-2-3 wezipuni zezithelo ezisanda kulungiswa noma ezikheniwe; 1 isipuni sezithelo ezomisiwe; 2 wezipuni zesitsha eziphekwe emifino noma izithelo ezintsha. Yidla futhi okusanhlamvu, ama-legumes, amajikijolo. Sebenzisa ushukela akukho ngaphezulu kwama-50 g ngosuku. Izinhlanzi - Okungenani 2 Ukuhlinzekwa ngeviki, kukhethwa njengezinhlanzi zasolwandle ezisenyakatho (mackerel, ama-sardines, i-tuna, i-salmon, i-mecring, i-halibut, njll.). Kusungulwe ukuthi amathuba okuthuthuka kwesifo senhliziyo e-coronary ancipha ngo-25-30% lapho ukudoba kunezikhathi ezi-2-4 ngesonto.
Imikhiqizo yobisi ayithandi ikakhulukazi, khetha ubisi olususiwe, iyogathi enamafutha aphansi, ushizi onamafutha aphansi. Beka izinkukhu ngaphandle kwenyama yesikhumba. Ukusuka enyameni enamafutha, iholo, ibhotela, ukhilimu omuncu, ushizi onamafutha, amasoseji, amasoseji, i-caviar, i-shrimp, i-squid, kufanele yenqatshwe uma kungenzeka. Amafutha ezilwane abeka esikhundleni semifino (i-sunflower, ummbila, ukotini, uwoyela welineni - amathisipuni anele ama-2-3 ngosuku) noma inhlanzi (i-Omega-3). Ungadli amaqanda angaphezu kwama-3 ngeviki (mhlawumbe ngaphandle kwama-yolks), kanye nesidlo sasemini futhi isidlo sakusihlwa kwesinye isikhathi ukuphuza inani elilinganiselayo lewayini elibomvu elibomvu - 100-250 ml (kwabesifazane - okuncane okuncane). Ama-eskulupses amaningi awanalutho oluphikisana nemikhiqizo ecebisiwe. Izintshisakalo zezimbali ezikhangisa njenge- "cholesterol encishisiwe".
Ezemidlalo (ubukhulu obuphakathi) empilweni yakho kufanele okungenani zibe yingxenye yehora noma imizuzu engama-45-50 kathathu ngesonto. Imidlalo ekahle - Ukuhamba, ukubhukuda, ukushushuluza, ukugijima, ukuhamba ngebhayisikile. Ezigulini ezibhekene nohlangothi, isigamu sehora lomthwalo onjalo sinciphisa ubungozi bokushaywa kabusha ngama-37%; Ukuphilile - ubungozi bokufa kusuka kunhlamvu ngo-23%.
Akunakwenzeka ukubhema, noma nje. Ukuqedwa kokubhema iminyaka emibili kuholela ekwehliseni engcupheni yokufa kukaCoronary ngama-36% kanye ne-MyOCardial infarction nge-32%.
Intando yezempilo
Ngokuqondene neziguli ezisabe namathebhulethi anqunyelwe (ama-statins), odokotela babona enye inkinga: bambalwa kakhulu babo bafeza ngokugcwele izincomo zodokotela. Abantu bavame ukuphuthelwa amasu emithi, banciphise ngokuzimela umthamo, okusobala, okubonakala ekwelashweni. Imvamisa, ukungathembeki okunjalo kubhekwa ekuphuzeni nasekubhemeni iziguli. Umuntu uzosiza ukugcinwa kwedayari yokwelashwa, futhi ukusatshiswa kuphela kungathinta enye, izazi zezinhliziyo ziyaqaphela.
Kepha kuvame ukuhlupheka odokotela uqobo. Ngakho-ke, isiguli esivela eqenjini lengozi, i-Eccolap kufanele sincome ukuyeka ukubhema, yabela ukudla, amandla okuzikhandla. Konke lokhu kufanele kukhonjiswe kumamephu angaphandle. Kodwa-ke, ukucwaninga kwe-Acamomian ka-Oganova kwaveza: Ukuqoshwa ngezincomo ngokwenqaba ukubhema kungamacala angama-2.6% kuphela, okukhombisa ukuthi isiguli sibhema. Okufakiwe ngezincomo zokudlala ezemidlalo zitholwe kuphela ngamacala angama-31% kuphela amacala, okucishe kube yisithathu ngaphansi kwesibalo samakhadi angaphandle, lapho kuvezwa khona ukuthi umsebenzi we-Outpatient awenele. Ekugcineni, irekhodi elinconywa isiguli ekudleni, litholwe kumakhadi we-70% amakhadi angaphandle.