Umkhuba wezemidlalo-chic awukho unyaka wokuqala. Khumbula, uma nje sivunyelwe ngokusemthethweni ukugqoka ama-sneaker ngezingubo zokugqoka, futhi ngaphambi kokuba zithathwe njengezicathulo zabasubathi. Manje ukuguqulwa okunjalo kubhekene nesikhwama se-backpack - enye yamamodeli amahle kakhulu wezikhwama. Ake silandele yiphi indlela adlula ngayo nokuthi imfashini kanjani.
Mhlawumbe, kunento encane yokuqhosha ngeminyaka ebaluleke kangako, futhi esimweni se-backpack konke lokhu kusemthethweni: Ngo-1991, eSitholweni Glacier e-Alps, izivakashi ezimbili zaseJalimane zathola umama weNdodakazi yaseTyrolean. Zonke izinto zakhe, kufaka phakathi ifreyimu ye-Skeleton evela e-Oshestn, zigcinwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kobukhulu beqhwa. Abaphenyi bathola ukuthi umnikazi weSkarba wabulawa cishe ngo-3300 BC, ukuze ukotini wakhe ubuphofu namuhla kungaphezu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu. Ososayensi baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde bazivumelanisa nalokhu okuvumelana nezimo ezimbalwa ezivela ezikhwameni eziningana nesikhwama sezikhumba - manje sekuboniswa emnyuziyamu we-Natural History Dortmund.
Emahlombe owesilisa, lesi sikhwama besingesihle. Ekuqaleni, kwakuyisitezi esinamandla lapho indima ekhulekelwa emphakathini eyabelwa - ukuba ngabazingeli, abelusi noma abathengisi. Ngakho-ke okungokwakho okudingekayo ukugqoka ngokulula. Lo mklamo olula waphenduka wadingeka kakhulu futhi wasetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ezizweni ezahlukene. Esenyakatho naseNyakatho KaRussia, kwasetshenziswa amakati anenkani ngemichilo. Emgqeni ophakathi - umzimba wengubo yamakhowe namajikijolo. Izimpiko ezifanayo eSiberia zisetshenziselwa kuze kube namuhla. Amabhasikidi asendulo waseYurophu ayelenga ngemuva komhlane ukuze asebenze endle. EJalimane naseFrance, elayishwe imithwalo yamafreyimu enziwe ngokhuni kusuka kukhulu le-XVIII. Ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi abanye abantu beza kuqala begqoke izinto ngemuva kwamahlombe - wonke umuntu wasungula izinhlobo zawo.
Impi yempi
Kamuva, ngesikhathi sokunqoba kwezempi okusebenzayo, i-backpack yabonakala kuma-legionnaires aseRoma nase-Knights-templar, nangesibonelo esishintshile: ngokwesibonelo, wamelela uhlaka olufanayo ngokhuni.
Cishe ngasikhathi sinye, amaNdiya aseNyakatho Melika akhombisa ubuhlakani obuthe xaxa: isikhwama sabo kwakuyibhodi, elalinamathiselwe emhlane namahlombe akhe ngemichilo, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhande lesikhumba laphonswa ebunzini. Ngenxa yalokho, umthwalo wasatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, futhi umklamo onjalo uvunyelwe ukuphatha imithwalo esindayo kakhulu, eyayiwusizo ekuzingeleni, nasebuthaneni.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, izinto zokhuni nezikhumba zathathelwa indawo ngensimbi nendwangu.
Photo: Instagram.com/stradivarius.
Kepha ngaso sonke isikhathi namahlombe amasosha, lokhu okufakwayo ngeke kuhambe noma kuphi, futhi kwathandwa ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakuvela ngqo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezikhwama ezihlatshwe. Ngokungafani nesikhwama sethu esijwayelekile, walayisha ohlangothini. Kodwa-ke, iminyaka embalwa yacaca ukuthi izikhwama ezinjalo zazingakhululekile ngesikhathi sokulwa komsele. Kwakufanele ngibheke enye indlela. Ngakho-ke, phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, isikhwama sezimboni esilethwe ngabaseMelika saqala ukusabalala eYurophu. Uhlalisa izinto zomuntu siqu, izinto zokuhlanzeka, izitsha, imibhede, izintambo ezomile. U-Aviator wayene-parachute lapho.
Ezemidlalo, uwumhlaba!
Ngemuva kwempi, kube lula kwale nto bekubalinganiselwa kubasubathi kanye nezivakashi. Abagibeli bokuqala basebenzise amamodeli ezempi emikhankasweni yabo. Okokuqala, ukwakheka bekuyinto yokuqala - isikhwama esilula esingunxande esinentambo ethuse emakhoneni aphansi. Isihloko sasizokwazi ukuzikhandla.
Kepha intuthuko ayizange ime. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1908, uNorwezhec Ola Bergan weza nesikhwama somshini. Lokhu kusungulwa kumphoqelele ukungaphatheki kahle, abhekana nakho lapho ephethe imishini nomdlalo ngesikhathi sokuzingela - umthwalo wangena emhlane, wabangela ubuhlungu. O, wake waguqa igatsha laseJuniper ngaphakathi kwesikhwama, kwakha ukufana kohlaka. Wayenelungelo lobunikazi ngo-1909. AmaBergans ngokushesha waba ngumenzi ohamba phambili wezikhwama ezi-braid.
Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nanhlanu, amalungelo obunikazi aphela, futhi abasemuva abahle bahlakazeka emhlabeni wonke, futhi abasunguli abasha baqhubeka nokuzishintsha futhi babathuthukise. Umgwaqo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wavula izinto ezintsha nobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, i-American Veteriang Geran Geran Canningm ngo-1938 yeza izosebenzisa imibani. Isivinini esihle esinethezekile sivunyelwe ukushintsha isimo sesikhwama sangemuva, sisabalalise kabusha isisindo.
Umlobi webhande okhalweni, ephethe ingxenye yomthwalo okhalweni, waba ngumvakashi uDick Kelty ngo-1951. Umqondo ufike lapho ebeka izinyawo ngephutha amaphakethe angemuva amabhulukwe amabhulukwe futhi wabona ukuthi kube lula kangakanani ukugqoka. Imishini yezokuvakasha, yathola ezitolo zemishini yamasosha yakudala. Lapho, kusukela empini yezwe yesibili, indwangu eningi ye-parachute yahlala - i-nylon, eyayinolwazi olungathandeki lwaseMelika ngokushesha lwangena esikhundleni se-tarpaulin engakhululeki. Ngo-1952, kelty wadala inkampani ekhiqiza imishini. Nge-Backpacks yale nkampani ngo-1963, i-Everest yanqoba iqembu labagibeli uNorman Dierenfut noJim Whitaker.
Kepha izikhwama zangemuva zazihlala emdlalweni owodwa. Izinhlobo zedolobha zasemadolobheni zasatshalaliswa ngeminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa. Phakathi kwentsha ihambe imfashini yezikhwama ze-cloak ezilula ezinemibala ekhanyayo. Lapho-ke inkambiso yathatha izingane zesikole. Ekuqaleni baye ezifundweni ezinezifundo ezifuywayo, base benikezwa amamodeli ngendwangu yokwenziwa nge-clasp ekhululekile.
Photo: Instagram.com/BERHKACOLCENTECTECTECTECTECTECTECTECTECTECTECTECTECTECTECTECTECTECTECTECTECT
Fenats zomdabu
Ezweni lethu, izincwadi zokuqala zaqala ukukhiqiza emashumi amathathu. Lezi kwakuyizikhwama eziyindilinga ezingenabulungiswa ezibizwa ngokuthi abantu. I-Clumsy futhi ayikhululeki ngokweqile, kodwa, yaphenduka abasinde kakhulu futhi namanje yaqhubeka nokuhlala kwe-DAC ethile.
Impongo ye-Abalakova, yenzelwe imikhankaso yezemidlalo nokukhuphuka, okubizwa ngegama lomsunguli wakhe - abantabami abadumile baseSoviet veriety abalakova, beza bazongena esikhundleni sebhola. UVitary Mikhailovich wasebenza njengoMklami we-Moscow Institute of Visi neyokuqala ekhuphuka inani eliphakeme lobukhomanisi. "Abalak" kwakukuhle, kepha kwadingeka ukushiyeka: akuzange kufane nenani elinele lezinto, kwadakwa emvuleni futhi kwaba "ngokhuni" esiqandeni. Ama-Alpiinists okwakufanele anqabe ukungahambi kahle.
Ngenhlanhla, izivakashi zaseSoviet zaziyimicabango emikhulu futhi ngesikhathi sokushoda, izikhwama ezivela entombini ziye zanda - ngakho-ke, emkhankasweni kungenzeka ukuthi zihlangane nesikhwama se-backpack esiqoqwe kuma-aluminium tubes e-aluminium amashubhu e-aluminium aqoqiwe.
Igagasi lemfashini
Isasasa le nto emhlabeni wemfashini laqala kwenzeka ngo-1984, lapho umklami we-novice uMachche Prada wethule ukuhunyushwa kwe-nylon emnyama nge-logo enhle. Kwakungumzamo wokuqala wokucabanga kabusha kwesiphetho salolu sengezo, ngokushesha okwakuba uphawu lwenkululeko evela emihlanganweni emikhulu. I-backpack yayiwukufika okusemqoka kwesizukulwane se- "Nirvana", esasiphikisana nemfashini. Ngobuhlakani ukumhlanganisa nama-rooks futhi waklebhula uJeans, osemusha wokuphela kwalokhu okungamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nokuqala kweminyakangwane kwakwenza kwaba yingxenye ye-subculture yakhe.
Photo: Instagram.com/Forever21
Esikhathini esedlule, ngabe wahlala, kepha amafashini akhumbula isikhwama esikahle seminyaka eminingana ebuyela emuva. Ama-Backpacks avezwa kumaqoqo amaningi we-podium. ULouis Vuitton wanikeza ukuwagqoka ngejazi eliqinile nebhulukwe lesikhumba, i-anyarmarkch - enompetha ofudumele, uFendi - ngesiketi futhi eMoychino wakwazi nokuzivumelanisa nengubo encane emnyama ngoMoya weCoco Chamel . Ibutho labaqambi baphonsa wonke amandla akhe ukuze bayindise idumela lokutholwa emichiloni bese liliguqula libe yimininingwane enhle yekhabethe. Ngosizo lwamaphrinta, imivimbo kanye nama-sequins, baphoqa amantombazane ukuthi athandane nezikhwama zangemuva bese aqala ukugqoka nakancane noma yiziphi izingubo.
Yikuphi kuphela izinto ezingahambi ziye ekuhambeni: Denim, Suede, velvet kanye nesikhumba sengwenya. Ngakho-ke, imodeli yefomu eliyindilinga le-Callow Colour lilingana kahle nesitayela sokujwayelekile, futhi ukuphrinta kwejometri kuzofaka izingubo ze-monochromatic. Futhi kuzolingana nalokhu izinto eziningi: isikhwama sezimonyo, i-smartphone kanye nama-sneaker ukuze aphile ngokuqina. Kungakho basusa izikhwama ezijwayelekile, basabalalisa kahle umthwalo emhlane, futhi bakhulule izandla zabo.
I-backpack isikhathi eside iba uhlobo lwendlela yokubonisa eyakhe "Mina". Ngosizo lwemidwebo, kunjalo. Le sizini, iziqubulo ezikhala zibekwe phezu kwazo, izithonjana ezihlekisayo, izinkohliso ze-optical futhi, izimbali, i-topical entwasahlobo.
Ukufingqa, siphawula ukuthi uma unganasikhwama sasemadolobheni esitayela, manje sekuyisikhathi sokufika kubo, ngoba impilo yanamuhla ngesivinini esikhulu ibonisa induduzo nokusebenza. Sifaka kubo umklamo othokozisayo, ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokusebenziseka - futhi sithola into ezokusebenzela iminyaka eminingi. Futhi uma wahlulela imibono yakamuva nezithombe zamantombazane - umthetho wemfashini, kuyacaca ukuthi le nkambiso kuzo ayihambi ndawo isikhathi eside kakhulu.