Kungani umuntu ekhokhela amakhekhe nsuku zonke futhi abone isicwebezelayo esibukweni? Futhi umuntu uhlala phezu kwamanzi nangama-celery, uchitha izinsuku nobusuku ejimini, kepha uyaqhubeka nokuthola isisindo? Noma kwenzeka kanjena: intombazane elahlekile ekudleni okusha, noma kunjalo, landela yonke incwadi, iba yindilinga ngokwengeziwe?
Kwesinye isikhathi isizathu ukuthi akuyona into eyodwa noma enye indlela yokunciphisa umzimba uqobo. Ukuze uqonde lapho uqonde khona, kwesinye isikhathi kufanele ungazami ukuzama zonke izindlela zilandelana, futhi uthole owakho, umuntu ngamunye.
Kungaleso sizathu muva nje ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ithole umsoco kanye nemithwalo emnyama kwi-DNA yavela. E-US, izivivinyo ezinjalo zisetshenziswa yonke indawo, kodwa eRussia siza kuphela eqinisweni lokuthi wonke umuntu udinga indlela yomuntu ngamunye. Yebo, akunakwenzeka ukuguqula ukwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo ezifundwayo, kepha siyakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo ngalezo zikhathi lapho siphuza, sidla, sisebenzise izidakamizwa, sikhethe indlela yokusebenza nokuzilibazisa.
- Bekunesikhathi esingakanani ukusebenzisa izivivinyo ze-DNA ukuthola izici zempilo? Kungani uthathe isinqumo sokuthi le yindlela ekhiqizayo?
- Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-DNA okungayalwa, ngaphandle kukadokotela, kwavela ekuqaleni kuka-2000s. Kakade-ke abaningi bavele bacace bha: Kunjalo ukutolika, uma behunyushwa kahle bese belungisa indlela yakho yokuphila, iyithuluzi elinamandla, "kusho Marina Vieva , Umsunguli we-Beyoungbrands, ezempilo, uchwepheshe we-epigenetics, ama-epigenetics, izivivinyo ze-DNA. - Ngemuva kwakho konke, izinhlobo zethu zofuzo aziguquki impilo yonke yonke, kepha kuya ngokuthi yini nangendlela esenza ngayo, zingathinta impilo yethu - kukhiye omuhle noma omubi. Isibonelo, ufuzo "oluhle" ungaqhubeka usebenza ngokuphelele noma kangcono, futhi uhlobo "olubi" lungakhula lube yisifo noma luhlale konke impilo.
UMarina Vieva, Uchwepheshe Wezempilo, I-Epigenetics, Epigenetics, Amandla Emvamisa kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-DNA
Photo: Ukulondolozwa komuntu siqu
Uhlobo lwezalo luthinta luphi izifo esingazivezwa?
Izifo ze-monogenic zinamaphesenti amakhulu amathuba okudlulisela ngefa, futhi ababalwa yizilinganiso ezihlukile ezifika kwezinkulungwane eziyi-10, kanti zibalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezinhlanu. Kodwa-ke, izifo ezinjalo azivamile futhi amacala abo kubantu abavela ku-1: 10,000 kuya ku-1: 1,000,000. Kepha amathuba okuthuthuka kwezifo eziningi kanye nendlela yokuphila yabantu ukwedlula izakhi zofuzo ezizuzwe njengefa. Izifo eziningi zifaka izifo ezifayo kaningi - isifo senhliziyo, ingcindezi ephezulu, isifo sikashukela, umdlavuza, ukukhuluphalazi, isifo se-Alzheimer, isifo se-Alzheimer, isifo se-Alzheimer. Ukuze ukhombe idatha ye-Predisiotion, kufanelekile ukudlulisa isivivinyo se-DNA kusenesikhathi sokushintsha indlela yokuphila futhi ungasinikezeli lesi sifo.
Lokho wukuthi, kuvela ukuthi umdlavuza awufaki njengefa futhi kuphela indlela yethu yokuphila ethinta intuthuko yayo?
Ngokokucwaninga, iningi lezifo ze-Oncological azihlobene nomdlavuza wefa, futhi imvamisa umphumela wokuguqulwa kwezifo ezinokulungiswa kuyo. Ngaphansi kwe-10% yezifo ze-Oncological zingatholakala njengefa, bese kuba kuphela i-Predisitions umdlavuza idluliselwa ngofuzo, hhayi lesi sifo uqobo. Futhi, ubungozi bokuvela kwalo buhlukile, kuya ngohlobo oluthile lomdlavuza. Isibonelo, umdlavuza webele amathuba aphezulu kakhulu.
Njengoba singashintshi izinhlobo zofuzo ngesikhathi sokuphila, ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kunikelwe kanye empilweni yonke?
Uma sithatha izinhlobo zofuzo nama-polymorphisms, bese yebo, ukuhlolwa kunikelwe kanye. Kepha iqiniso ukuthi kuningi kakhulu kubo futhi akubona bonke abasaqondiswa. Isibonelo, ekuhlolweni kokudla, izinhlobo ezingama-62 zibhekwa, futhi esivivinyweni "isikhathi eside esisebenzayo" - 46, ezinye zazo zihlangana. E-United States, kunezivivinyo lapho kungabhekwa khona u-93 gene, kodwa okwamanje, injabulo ayishibhile. Ungahlola ingxenye ye-DNA: okokuqala ukudlula izinhlobo eziyishumi ezibucayi kakhulu, bese kuthi kukhona amaphaneli angeziwe - Bukela noma yiziphi ezinye iziphikisi. Kepha yebo, izinhlobo zofuzo nama-polymorphisms akufanele ziphinde zikhethwe impilo, njengoba zihlala zingashintshiwe. Nakhu ukuthi zizobonisa kanjani empilweni, omunye umbuzo.
Sitshele ukuthi inqubo ivame ukwenzeka kanjani? Zinjani izisulu?
Ukuqala ngamathe, kusuka ngaphakathi kwesihlathi, i-biomodiate iyaqhubeka. Futhi-ke, lapho kungena elabhorethri, inqubo yokulandelana yenzeka emishini ekhethekile. Ngakho-ke, kwiphaneli ngayinye, izakhi zofuzo zitholakala futhi zihlolwe ama-polymorphisms kuzo. Lapho, singabona, ngokwesibonelo, i-polymormphism ye-gene ngokubukeka okumpofu kwe-lactose noma ukuthambekela kokudla ngokweqile, ngokulandelana, nombiko onesidingo somuntu ngamunye.
Ngabe lokhu kusho ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlola incomo eminye imiyalo ecacile yokwenza okuthile?
Yebo impela. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-DNA akuhloli, ngokuvamile avinjelwe, ngokusekelwe kwimiphumela. Kepha kwenzeka ukuthi izincomo zingase zikholise ngokwengeziwe. Lokhu kwenzeka, ikakhulukazi, ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-polymorphisms athile. Isibonelo, nge-metabolism enganele ye-lipid, ukuthambekela kokudla ngokweqile kanye nesifo sikashukela, lapha, kunalokho, kuzoba nemiyalo yesenzo, kunokuba kube nezincomo. Kepha-ke, banqunywa ngendlela ekhethekile ngudokotela.
Kepha ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kofuzo kufanele kwenziwe kubo bonke noma kuphela labo abavele benezikhalazo?
Ngicabanga ukuthi: Uma umuntu ephilile ngokuphelele, khona-ke ukuhlolwa kusakufanele ukudlula, kepha ngo-28-30 ubudala. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngokunembile kulo nyaka kuqala inqubo yokuguga, lolu uhlobo lokuguqula iphuzu. Kepha kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi manje abaningi bahlala eMegalopolis, futhi ngesigqi sempilo sanamuhla sokudla okunezinyonga, ngakho-ke mhlawumbe lo mzuzu uza ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-28. Kepha ngokuvamile - yebo, kulo nyaka, siba nokwabiwa kabusha kwayo yonke into ohlelweni lwethu futhi uma kungakapheli manje izinsizakusebenza zethu zingahle zihlele inani eliphakeme lezinto zangaphandle nokudla okungenampilo, ngakho-ke konke kuzokwehla futhi, ngokufanele, Izici ezingezinhle zizoveta futhi zithinte impilo ngezinga elikhudlwana. Yebo, kunjalo, kufanelekile ukuthi uqonde ukuthi uma kukhona noma yiziphi izitha, izibonelo, umlando womndeni, khona-ke ngaphambi kokuphumelela, okungcono.
Ziningi izinhlobo zazo ezimakethe ze-DNA DNA. Ake ungitshele, uma umuntu edlula kuphela isivivinyo esisodwa, ungaluleke kanjani?
Uma sikhuluma ngomncane ngokwanele, cishe iminyaka engama-25-35 ubudala, kufanelekile, kufanelekile ukudlulisa isivivinyo "sokudlalwa kwendawo" ukuthola uhlelo lwamandla olungcono kakhulu lomzimba othile. Ngemuva kuka-35 kufanelekile ukukhetha "Ukuphila Okusebenzayo". Futhi ngingaphinde ngincome lokhu kuhlolo kwabesifazane ngo-30, ngoba kunezinto ezinjengokukhatha kwamaqanda, ngokwesibonelo. Lesi yisici esibalulekile ekuhlelweni komndeni, futhi intombazane enjalo kubalulekile ukwazi amandla abo. Futhi, isifo esinjalo, njenge-Alzheimer, siqala ukwakha eminyakeni engama-20-30 ngaphambi kwezimpawu zokuqala: ngakho-ke, ukuvikela ukugula, udinga ukwazi izingozi zakho futhi uthathe isenzo.
Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo, kukhona nokuhlolwa komzimba wokungabizi kwemikhiqizo. Futhi kulokho, kwenye, kukhethwe imikhiqizo ethile, evunyelwe, futhi ayikufanele. Yiziphi lezi zivivinyo ezimbili ezihlukile komunye nomunye?
Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu umgomo wokuhlola. Ngomhloli we-DNA, izidingo zethe, kepha iphaneli ye-allergic yenziwa egazini. Futhi, ukuhlolwa kofuzo kubheka amaphaneli abucayi kakhulu, futhi kunezakhi eziningi kakhulu ku-allergic. Ngemuva kwakho konke, unqunyelwe lapho i-allergic isivele yembuliwe futhi udinga ukuthola ukuthi kuyini. Ngakho-ke, ekuhlolweni komzimba, kuhlolwe ngqo ohlwini, noma ngabe kukhona ukusabela kokudla okuthile, impova, izilwane nokunye.
Okungukuthi, kumaphaneli amaningi we-allergic abhekwayo?
Imvamisa iqala ngokuncane, thatha ama-allergen aqine: okusanhlamvu, ushokoledi, izitshalo zempova, uboya bezilwane, i-lactose. Uma ukungezwani okuqinile, khona-ke sebevele bebukele ngaphezu kwezinkomba ukuze bathole ukuthi kungukusabela ngqo. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo akushibhile, ngoba inani lamaphaneli lingafinyelela ku-50-70. Ungenza ngokuhlukile, thatha indlela ethi "Ngaphandle,", isebenza ezimweni eziningi. Umugqa ongezansi ukuthi umsolwa osolwa awufakwa ekudleni amasonto amabili, futhi sibona ukuthi umuntu uzizwa kanjani. Okulandelayo, umkhiqizo uphinde wethulwe futhi, futhi, sibheka inhlala-kahle. Kukhona ukusabela okungekuhle, khona-ke umkhiqizo uyahlanzwa futhi: Uma izimpawu zihamba ngempela, khona-ke kuyinto efiselekayo ukukhipha umkhiqizo onjalo ekudleni ngokuvamile.
Lokhu ukudla okuyisisekelo, yebo?
Yebo, nguyena. Ngingayincoma nhlobo, noma ngabe i-allergies ayibonwa. Kunoma yikuphi, okwamanje akukho ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kuyo yonke imikhiqizo. Kepha ngomkhiqizo ofanayo, abantu abehlukene bazosabela ngokuhlukile ngokuphelele. Thatha, ngokwesibonelo, iparele, unenkomba ephezulu ye-glycemic. Okomuntu oyedwa ushukela, lokhu kungaphakamisa izinga le-glucose ngamayunithi angama-20, kanti elinye lingu-3-4 kuphela. Futhi ngosizo lokudla okunjalo, ungakwazi ukulandelela ukuthi umzimba uphendula kanjani kumkhiqizo othile.