Ngokusho kwesikhungo se-Federal sokuvimbela kanye nokulwa nengculazi, iRussia iphakathi kwamazwe ayishumi aphezulu enanini labantu abathelelekile: Namuhla inani lezingane eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-700 ubudala, kubandakanya nezingane eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-6 ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-15 . Ngo-2011, kwavezwa igciwane lesandulela ngculazi ezingama-62 3,384 eRussia Federation - nge-10,6% ngaphezulu kwango-2010. Kuze kube izinyanga eziyishumi ka-2012, amacala amasha angu-56 athelelekayo abhalisiwe, futhi kuwo wonke amacala amasha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-70 abikezelwa. Lapho sigcina amanani anjalo, inani labantu ababhalisile abane-HIV lizofinyelela izigidi eziyi-1. Kakhulu ngo-2015. Ngokuvamile, izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi isimo esijwayelekile ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza eRussia Federation sibi kakhulu futhi kuvame ukwenza okujwayelekile. Ungakugwema kanjani lokhu, utshele inhloko yehhovisi labamele le-BD - bekton, Dickinson kanye neNkampani u-Aleksei Vladimirovich Bobrik.
Inhloko yehhovisi elimele i-BD - Bekton, Dickinson kanye neNkampani u-Aleksei Vladimirovich Bobrik.
- Alexey vladimirovich, ake ungitshele ukuthi sinjani isimo ngalesi sifo ezweni?
- Ngeshwa, isimo ezweni siwohloka ngenxa yokuthi ukusheshisa ukutheleleka kuxazululwe ngokuqinile phakathi kwe-heterosex Steam. Uma ekuqaleni umphakathi wazethemba ukuthi amaphesenti amakhulu ane-HIV phakathi kwamadoda ubungqingili kanye nemilutha yezidakamizwa, namhlanje iqembu elisebungozini elineminyaka emisha ubudala, ngoba wonke umuntu onesibindi womshado atheleleka nge-HIV. Imvamisa kwenzeka kwenzeka lapho abesifazane beshada, kepha bacasha kuye ukuthi umuntu uyagula, futhi uma kufika ukukhulelwa ukuba ahlole, kuvezwa i-HIV. Ngokulandelayo, ufunda ukuthi ungumlutha wezidakamizwa futhi wathambekela kule viruyutha eminyakeni eminingi edlule, kodwa isifiso sokwenza umndeni nengane asinakho okuncane kuwo. Uhlukanise, ashade nenye indoda futhi amnikeze igciwane. Uma ubhubhane lungakaze lube sendaweni, manje ubhubhane lwahamba. Namuhla, izingqimba ezahlukene ngokuphelele zabantu zithambekele kule virus. Futhi kukhona idatha yokuhlola ukuthi ngokweqiniso eminyakeni embalwa cishe izakhamizi eziyizigidi izotheleleka eRussia.
- Yini okufanele uyenze esimweni esinjalo?
- Namuhla, zonke izinhlelo zokulwa nengculazi ziyekwe eRussia. Izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni zomphakathi zincishwa imali. Okuncane okufanele uphathe isiguli, udinga ukuhlinzeka ngokuxilongwa esezingeni eliphakeme, nemishini elethwe ezweni lethu sekuyisikhathi eside kuphelelwe yisikhathi. Uhlelo lokuthengwa kwempahla namuhla lakhiwa eqinisweni lokuthi izidakamizwa ezishibhile kakhulu nezidakamizwa zithengwa, ezivame kakhulu ezingasebenzi. Izwe lethu lidinga isu likazwelonke, futhi akunjalo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlela ukuvikela okunekhono ekuqeqeshweni komphakathi. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu kuvikelwe ekuthelelekeni! Kepha nibone ukuthi yimaphi amanani entengo. Ziyabikezelwa ngokusobala, ngakho-ke abafo abasebasha bazothenga kangcono ibhodlela likabhiya kunekhondomu. I-logic ethile injalo - ayivikelekile kabi. Eqinisweni, umuthi wokugomela ngengculazi uvikela kabi. Isebenza kuphela ekusetshenzisweni ngobuningi.
- Ngaphezu kwamakhondomu, yini engavikela ngokumelene nengculazi? Ngemuva kwakho konke, zingangenwa esibhedlela, amacala anjalo awajwayelekile.
- Hamba futhi uthuthuke emhlabeni ungami. Kwakukhona ukuguquguquka kwezinguquko okuye kwashintsha ngokuphelele ukuvimbela, ukwelashwa kanye nekusasa labantu abanjalo. Emazweni athuthukile, kwavela isibukeli esikhulu samadivayisi wezobuchwepheshe, avumela ukuvimbela ingozi yokutheleleka. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa ngobuchwepheshe obusha kuhlobene. Okunye kwayo ukukhiqizwa nokuthengwa kokuzinikela, isirinji ozikhiyayo. Ucabanga ngalesi sibalo, kuphela ngonyaka owedlule eRussia, cishe abasebenzi bezokwelapha abayizinkulungwane ezimbili bathola ukuvimbela okuzayo ngemuva kwemijovo yezezinaliti ezithelelekile nezinye izimo eziphuthumayo ezinengozi enkulu yokutheleleka nge-HIV. Kungenzeka ukuthi uthengele i-AIDS esibhedlela, kepha uma uthatha lezi zinsimbi zokwelashwa okungenani zezikhali, zingaba yisisekelo sokuphepha.
- Yini isirinji enjalo?
- Lesi yisirinji esejwayelekile, esine-piston ngemuva komjovo ngemuva komjovo. Okwesibili akunakwenzeka ukwenza umjovo. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi iningi lemilutha yezidakamizwa linamathela kwisirinji eyodwa, ithuluzi lokusabalalisa ngeke livume ukusetshenziswa kabusha. Isirinji-ama-dosing iyindlela yomhlaba wonke. Odokotela abaningi batheleleke futhi batheleleke ngengculazi ngezinqubo. Futhi ngo-2001, uMongameli Beil Clinton wasayina isimemezelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bezokwelapha basebenzisa amathuluzi abhubhisayo kuphela. Ama-Singringe Syringes ayejwayelekile maphakathi nawo-80s, futhi manje ngeke uhlale ubathola. Ngokufanayo, umkhuba wembulunga yonke uqhamuka ngokujwayelekile ukuphepha nangemva kweminyaka eyi-10 ukubona isirinji ejwayelekile elahlekileyo izoba nzima. Ngentengo, zinjalo ngokulinganayo. Amacala okutheleleka okungafanele kodokotela benaliti, atheleleke nge-AIDS Talk mayelana, ephephile futhi esebenzisa kahle amathuluzi azinikele, akhiyiwe. Inkinga yokudluliselwa kwe-nosocomial of the virus ihambelana kakhulu.
- Ngubani okufanele anikeze umyalo mayelana nokuthenga le mishini?
- Ngesinye isikhathi, umzabalazo kanye ne-prophlaxis enengculazi waholwa yiKhomishini Kahulumeni eholwa nguNgqongqoshe uHolikova, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho iKhabhinethi lenziwe, iKhomishini yachithwa. Okwamanje, akucaci ukuthi ngubani ohola izwe lilwa nokutheleleka nge-HIV. Ngokusemthethweni, akekho owake wanquma muntu. E-US, lapho ukutheleleka nge-HIV kungaphansi kwalapha, kulawula uhlelo u-Obama uqobo. Ku-Intanethi kunemininingwane. Ezweni lethu, abantu ababalelwa ku-200 batheleleke nsuku zonke, kepha alisekho isu elicacile nomzabalazo. Kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo ngokuphuthumayo ukuze uhlome kabusha uhlelo lwezempilo futhi kulokhu kunendlela enkulu. Ikusasa ngokungangabazeki lingelabuchwepheshe banamuhla kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, singakwazi futhi kufanele siqinisekise ukuphepha kwabantu abaseduze kwabantu kanye nabasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, kwethulwa emikhubeni ejwayelekile yokusebenzisa amadivaysi ezokwelapha ngokuvikelwa kobunjiniyela kusuka ekulimaleni.
- Iziphi izindawo esinazo e "ngceleni" kumadijithi wokutheleleka nge-HIV? Futhi ingabe umthetho ohlawulweni lobugebengu uyasebenza ukusatshalaliswa?
- Endaweni yokuqala yisifunda sase-Irkutsk. Isimo esidabukisayo eSt. Petersburg, iphesenti elikhulu le-HIV esifundeni saseSamara. EMoscow, le mininingwane ephikisanayo, ngoba izivakashi eziningi nokubakhombisa cishe akunakwenzeka, kepha isimo asilungile futhi. Ngeshwa, iziguli eziningi ziza esigabeni sokuxilongwa sekwephuzile, okwandisa isimo. Imitholampilo yangasese, yenza inhlolovo futhi yembula ukutheleleka esigulini, ungayibikisi, ngakho-ke izibalo oscillate. Ngokusakazwa kokutheleleka kunesijeziso sobugebengu, futhi manje kubhekwa izindandatho ezingaphezu kwekhulu. Kepha ubunzima bokuthi owesifazane osethelelekile kumyeni wakhe kunzima kakhulu ukufaka isitatimende kuye.
- Uma abaphathi befunda ukuthi omunye wabasebenzi be-HIV ethelelekile, ingabe inelungelo lokumxosha?
- Akukho ukulinganiselwa kweziguli ezinjalo akwamukeleki. Kepha ngokweqiniso ukuthi iqembu alifuni, ukuze umuntu ogulayo asebenze eduze kwakhe. Ngakho-ke, umholi ohlakaniphile uzokwenza konke ukuqeda isisebenzi esinegciwane. Izotholwa isikhathi esingelona isikhathi, sokuya emsebenzini, ngomsebenzi osezingeni eliphakeme. Kepha uma ummeli efakazela inkantolo ukuthi iwadi yakhe yayingenabo ukwephulwa, angayinqoba icala enkantolo futhi athole isinxephezelo. EYurophu, kwakukhona amacala anjalo, ezinye izinkampani kwadingeka zikhokhe izigidi zezibalo. Kwakukhona futhi nezimo lapho ingane enegciwane le-HIV ngaphandle kwafakwa esikoleni. Ukuze kubendlululo, abazali bangasebenza esikoleni. Kepha ubunzima besimo ukuthi abazali bezingane ezinempilo baphikisana ngokwesigaba nengane yabo ukutadisha neziguli.
- Nikeza isincomo esithile, uMkhandlu Wochwepheshe?
- Angifuni ukuzithoba kulesi sihloko, kepha kuvela ukuthi izici zokuziphatha zisasebenza emphakathini. Ukutheleleka nge-HIV kuncike kuzo zonke izingxenye zabantu, kutholakala kubantu abacebile. Othisha abanethelelekile, abasebenzi basehhovisi, igciwane elivame kakhulu endaweni yomlingisi. Ayikho izeluleko ezithile zokugwema ukutheleleka, kepha uma usebenzisa amathuluzi okuvikela amukelwa emhlabeni wonke, futhi ingozi yalesi sifo ingavikeleka.