Kwimeko ye-Coronavirus Ubhulemo, abantu baqalisa ukuba nomdla ngakumbi kumayeza kwaye sele benzekile kwimbali yokuqhambuka kwezifo. Kufanelekile ukuba saphawula ukuba bekukho iimeko ezininzi ezinjalo, ngakumbi kwiXesha Eliphakathi, xa amazwe aseYurophu, naseAfrika, ngakumbi, kuva kancinci ukugcinwa kwemigangatho yehlabathi. Ngokungafaniyo namazwe amaninzi, eRussia, abantu zange bayeke ukungakhathali - inkcubeko yokuvuna ebhafini, ukuqubha emilanjeni kunye namachibi ayaziwa ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, nangaphantsi kwezi meko, asikhuselwanga kwintsholongwane entsha-yonke ithemba sihlala sisenzo noogqirha abazama ukukhulisa isitofu sokukhusela ngokukhuselekileyo ngokukhawuleza kwaye sikhusele abantu kwiziphumo ezinobungozi. Ilungiselelwe ukukhetha iibhanti ezidlulileyo ezazikhathaza iingqondo zezizukulwana ezidlulileyo. Umsebenzi wethu kukubonisa into oyifunayo ukuze uyikholelwe kwikamva eliqaqambileyo kwaye uzame ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka kude kufunyanwe isitofu sokuqala.
Ubhubhani buvela ngenxa yokungahambelani nemilinganiselo ye-hygiene kunye nokhuseleko
Ifoto: HARTAHH.USPUS.com.
I-Antoninova isibetho (165-168)
Inani labantu abafileyo: Izigidi ezi-5
Isizathu: Ayaziwa
Igama elingumboniso ophakathi kwegama lomlawuli waseRoma uMark Araliya, ulawule urhulumente ngaloo minyaka. Ngeli xesha, umxholo wobhubhane akakabikho, ke i-Antonoines isesithambisi ingajongwa kuphela ngokungekho semthethweni phakathi kwamazwe obhubhane phakathi kwamazwe. Iinkumbulo zala maxesha zigcinwe kwiirekhodi zomRoma wakudala waseRoma, ngoko ke zibizwa ngokuba yiChuma Galen. Malaya Asia, Egypt, Greece, e-Itali yaba yeyona nto iphambili ekujongwe kuyo. Kukholelwa ukuba isizathu yayiyinto yentsholongwane ye-ossences okanye imasisi - yonke le nto icingelwayo, engekaqinisekiswa ngokwenzululwazi. EYurophu, intsholongwane yazisa amajoni aseRoma ababuyayo kwi-165 ukusuka kwiMesopotamiya. Kuba iimpawu zesifo zazingaziwa ngabantu, esi sifo sisasazeka ngokukhawuleza saza sabanga ubomi obuninzi.
I-Justinianova isplagus (541-542)
Inani labantu abafileyo: Izigidi ezingama-25
Isizathu: Isibetho se-bubonic
Igosa lokuqala elirekhodisha ibhulukhwe lesibetho, esaqala phantsi kolawulo lwe-Byzantium nguJustinia kuqala. Ngokwedatha etyholwa, isiqingatha seYurophu wasweleka - malunga nezigidi ezingama-25 kunyaka omnye. Ngapha koko, ikota yabemi ababandezeleka kwingingqi yeMpuma Meditera - kwizixeko eziphakathi kwamawaka abantu zenzeka. Emva kokugqitywa kobhubhane, i-Constantinople ihleli ichithekile - malunga ne-40% yabemi bomthonyama bafa.
Mnyama Mnyama (1346-1353)
Inani labantu abafileyo: 75 - 200 yezigidi
Isizathu: Isibetho se-bubonic
Embindini wenkulungwane ye-14, eYurophu, iAfrika neAfrika bagqubuthele ukuqhuma kwesibetho sesibetho, ngenxa yokuba abantu abangama-75-200 abaswelekileyo. Elo hlobo olunjalo kuwo amanani luchazwa yinto yokuba ukubala bebengekenziwa kuwo onke amazwe, kwaye isibetho asisoloko sinezizathu zokusweleka kokufa-yayihlala inyanzelisa isifo esele siye ebantwini. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, isibetho safudukela e-Greya ababehlala kwiinqwelo-moya - bakhawuleza ukuya ezitratweni, kwakamsinya nje bafika kwisigqibo esitsha esitsha. Kwaye esinye isifo sidlulisela umntu, sibangela ukusasazwa kwangoko eluntwini.
Ingulube yengulube (ka-2009 ukuya ku-40)
"I-Suine Sub" yayiligama elithandwayo le ntsholongwane, elibangela ukukhanya kwehlabathi jikelele ngo-2009 ukuya ku -0. Olu hlobo lomkhuhlane wamaxesha onyaka, olubandakanyiweyo kugonyo losasazo lonyaka. Intsholongwane yafunyanwa kuqala eMexico ngo-Epreli ka-2009. Yaziwa njengomkhuhlane wehagu, kuba sesakhiwo ijongeka ngathi yintsholongwane echaphazela iihagu. Kuba izitofu zokugonya nxamnye nolu hlobo lwe-influenza zangenziwanga, kwasasazeka phakathi kwamazwe, nangona kunjalo, ngethamsanqa, akuzange kubekho kwisiphumo seziphumo esininzi sesilayidi. Nge-10 ka-Agasti ka-2010 i-World Health World (i-WHO) yazisa ngokusemthethweni ukuphela kombhubhane.
Esona sizathu siphambili sokusuleleka kwe-HIV-i-Inight yokwabelana ngesondo engakhuselekanga
Ifoto: HARTAHH.USPUS.com.
Intsholongwane kaGawuna / uGawulayo (kwi-Peak, ka-2005 ukuya ku-20012)
Inani labantu abafileyo: 36 yezigidi
Isizathu: Intsholongwane kaGawulayo / uGawulayo
Intsholongwane kaGawulayo noGawulayo bavela kwiDemocratic Republic of the Congo emva kowe-1976. Ukuqala ukusukela ngo-1981, xa besasaza amanye amazwe, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-3 ezingama-36 basweleke kwezi zifo. I-HIV ngokwakhe, ukuba uyifumana ngexesha kwaye uqalise unyango, ayiyongozi - umntu unokuhlala naye ngendlela efanayo nabantu abasempilweni. Kodwa eyona ndlela yayo imbi kakhulu - uGawulayo - sele itshisa "umntu othile kwithuba leminyaka, uphumle ngaphandle kokuphumelela. Okwangoku, intsholongwane kaGawulayo isuswe ngabantu abangama-31-5 ezigidi, eyona nto kugxilwe kuyo igcinwe kumazwe asemazantsi e-Afrika, apho kuthetha ukuthintela i-tetroceptied ephindaphindiweyo okanye kungasetyenziswanga konke konke. Ngexesha lokusukela ngo-2005 ukuya ku-2012, ukuncipha kwe-HIV / AIDS iGawulayo. Ngoku imikhosi yenzululwazi ijolise ekuphuhliseni iziyobisi eziphuhlileyo kunye nolwazi kunye nabantu.