Konke kwaqala 'nge-Elixir yokungafi ". Ukudalwa kwento emangalisayo yokufumana ngaphezulu kweminyaka eliwaka eyadlulayo, iimonki zeTaoist zazizibandakanya kwiimonki ezinzima. Bazama ukuxuba izinto ezahlukeneyo, bahlukane nezinto zabo, bafudumele, bapholile. Isiphumo sasingalindelekanga: Abavavanyi be "bavuyisa" umgubo omnyama, othi, xa ubotshwe nge-hers kunye nerhebble, utshabalalisa yonke into ngeenxa zonke. Nanku wena kunye ne-Elixir yoBomi obunguNaphakade!
Ngokugqibeleleyo " Intlanganiso yonyaka. Ukukhankanywa kokuqala komnyhadala walondolozwa kwiirekhodi zomlawuli we-Chiney waseTshayina, umhla we-1044 (kodwa isampulu yababhali bemigodi babeqhutywa kuphela kwi-XII kwi-XII kwi-XII Ikhulu kuphela)
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XIII, iiCraftsmen zaseTshayina zenza umxube omtsha, othi xa ubotshwe kungenzeka "umlilo waseZulwini" wemibala eyahlukeneyo kunye neemilo ezahlukeneyo. "Imiboniso ufanayo" yabangela isaqhwithi sabakholiswa ngabaphambukeli ababetyelele ubukhosi obungenasiphelo. Nangona iPyrotechnic 'yazi-njani e-China nenye yeemfihlo zoluntu kwaye zazikhuselwe kakhulu, zonke iisampulu ezingqongqo "kwinkulungwane ye-XIP. Iyonke iYurophu. Kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba umhambi owaziwayo ophakathi kwaMaphakathi uMarco Polot waba ziimfihlo zeemfihlo. I-Italians yavela yaba ngoyena mntu uqhutywa ngabathandekayo bePyrotechicc ngokwembono avela empuma. Kwakulo lonke eli lizwe phantse kwiminyaka engama-500 eyadlulayo incwadi yapapashwa eYurophu ngemiyalelo yomlilo wesixhobo - "de Pirotexnika".
I-Tssorist Uthando
Ilizwe lethu ngokwe-Pyrotechning Duled kwiXesha Eliqhelekileyo alizange libe yilo gazi. Ngeentsuku zeDmittary Dononkoy, ngo-1389 eMoscow wasungula "izibane ezihlekisayo" (nangona imveliso yangaphandle). Iinkosi zakho zomlilo "zokusebenza komlilo" zivele eRussia phantse kwiminyaka engama-200 kamva. Embindini we-xvi yenkulungwane ye-XID, kwenye yeendawo zokudubula yasekwa kwimo yentloko "ye-powder", eyathi yatyhola imbopheleleko yokufumana imirhumo eyahlukeneyo, ilungiselele ngexesha leholide.
Imililo yokuqala emiselweyo yaseRussia yenzeka emva kwebhola ngomhla we-18 kaPetros ngo-1690.
Inkcazo yomsebenzi womlilo waseRussia ukwiincwadi ezindala. I-Holivents Baltazar Kot, ngokomntu omele i-Dan Klekwa e-Aleksey Mikhailovich noFyodor Alekseevich "obonwabisayo" kwi-velikseevich "kwi-veliky ustyug kumaxesha otyelelo lwabasemzini . Iindwendwe ezithandwayo "ze-rocket" ze-perches ezinamavili omlilo ... Ungafumana imililo kwindawo yogcino, eboniswe ngo-1683 kwiintaba ze-moscow.
Inkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo iye yaba yiminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo yomlilo weRussia. "Izimvo zomlilo" ziquka kungekuphela nje iPyrotechning, kodwa kukupeyinta, ukupeyinta, umculo. Ezi zenzo, zifanelekile kwiisayithi ezikhethekileyo, zithathe iiyure eziyi-2-3 kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zisenzeka kwimidlalo yokwenene, eyayibandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeziqendu. Bade bade bakhuphe amagqabaza akhethekileyo - ukuze abaphulaphuli bangadibaniswanga kwizilwanyana zobulumko ... "Abantu ababambeleyo" yayingamagama asebenza ngokukodwa ngenkuni kunye "ne-compour". Rhoqo benziwa iselfowuni kwaye ekuhambeni kwentetho "baphila", behamba kwindawo eneshumi labasebenzi.
I-Petr ndithathwa njengento enkulu yomlilo. Emva ngoFebruwari 1690, xa kuqatshelwe isikhumbuzo se-18. Yayingumlilo wokuqala wokwenene eRussia. Uye waxabisa ukuphunyezwa kwamawaka ali-10 (xa kuthelekiswa: inkomo ke ixabisa kuphela i-rubles ezi-3 kuphela). Enkosi kubugcisa beenkosi ze-powder, izulu lavela, umzekelo, umfanekiso womlilo we-allegorical - i-hercules, eqwenga umlomo wengonyama ...
I-Tsar Redormer iqokelelene kwithala leencwadi lakhe elingenazo zonke iincwadi ezikwiPyrotechnics, zirekhoda izikere ezinqabileyo zePyrotechnion kwaye ziyinto elungiselelwe iZiko eliNgezelelweyo "... Apho, ngo-1707, ilokhwe enziwe i-racket yenziwa, enokuphakama kwikhilomitha enye ukuya kwikhilomitha enye ene-powder egqwesileyo!
Enkosi kuPeter Alekseevich, "izibane ezihlekisayo" zajika zaba luphawu lwayo nayiphi na ibhiyozo enkulu. Yiyo le nto yokuziqhelanisa neziphumo zeXvii inkulungwane ejongene nokukhanyisa ngoNyaka oMtsha kwaye ivelise imvukelo yomlilo. Ngapha koko, wonke umntu otshabhisayo woNyaka oMtsha wayenomthwalo othile we-semantic. Yena, ngokungathi kunjalo, ishwankathelwe kunyaka ophelileyo kwaye ukhunjuzwe ngeminyhadala ephambili - okokuqala kubo bonke, kunjalo, malunga nomkhosi.
Umzekelo, izibane ezihlekisayo zikhanyisiwe nge-1 kaJanuwari, 1710, zazinikezelwe kuloyiso kwiKeng King Kumkani yaseSweden uKarl Xii xa iPoltava. Ababukeli bancothusa iipeyinti ezininzi ze-allegorical: "Ilitye lentaba, eliyiSweden State. Ingonyama iphuma entabeni ingumkhosi waseSweden. Intsika enesithsaba, ebonisa imeko yePolish (...) Ukhozi lwabonakala ukukhusela iintsika, ongumkhosi waseRussia, kwaye wahlulwe ngendudumo enkulu ngotolo ovuthayo ... "
"Izinto eziphumayo" ukusuka kwiLomonosov
Kwisiqingatha sesibini seXviii ikhulu. Ngokwesixhobo "sezibane ezihlekisayo" kunye nokukhalimela, iRussia sele ifikelele kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ngaphezulu kophuhliso lwempembelelo entsha yePyrotechni yakwazi ukusebenzela kwanawo udumileyo kwi-lomononov yethu iphela. Ngoku-odola i-Empress Ellabeth Petrovna (ofumana ifreyini 'yokudlala umlilo "), kuye kwafuneka ajongane nesenzo" sesenzo esincinci ", kwaye kwezinye iimeko Bhala iMibongo yeMibongo yeGrand Peltratechnion, lungiselela imizobo yendawo entle kunye nemifanekiso ...
Nangona kunjalo, ezona zibangela umdla ukuba inzululwazi yayikukuba, kunjalo, sebenzisana nekhemikhali ". Enkosi kwiimvavanyo ezininzi zelebhu, i-Lomonosov ikwazile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-rocket ziqhume kakhulu, kwaye iflexes ye-sparks evela phezulu. Ukongeza, ngenxa yezifundo ze-mingail vasneevich ukuya kwi-pore, emhlophe, etyheli, i-orenji, i-orenji (kwinzululwazi ye-Blue), iSayensi ye I-Cleentev phantsi kokujonga kwam ndikhangela kwicala lam, indlela yokwenza imililo yokukhwela iinkwenkwezi eziluhlaza ... ") Intshona Yurophu yafumana le mfihla ivela eRussia.
Emva kwexesha, kwinkulungwane ye-Xix, imfazwe yemililo esiya kuhla, kwaye ngeminyaka yee-1930s, kwakungekho mkhondo wobungangamsha 'kwizenzo zokucima umlilo ". Nditsho neyona holide ibalulekileyo kweli lizwe lenze enyanisweni ngaphandle kokuhonjiswa kwePyrotechnic. Kuyinyani, ukusukela ngo-1943, i-Musivtes yayinethuba lokuzithanda ukubingelela kwimililo uMorringi, walungiselela ukuba umntu ophumelele emkhosini kunye nemihla yekhalenda ebomvu ".