Uyintoni umzimba womntu? Amalungu angaphakathi nangaphandle, amanzi - sonke sifunde kwizifundo zesikolo i-Afanayy. Enye isiqingatha somzimba yinto eninzi yemicroorganisms eyenza intsholongwane - "abalimi" kuyo yonke intsholongwane emzimbeni, ethi, ngelixa ihleli kwiphepha lomncono, lisinceda ukuba sibe sempilweni. Umzimba womntu unezigidi zeeseli ezikhethekileyo - iibhloko ezincinci zokwakhiwa eziqokelelwe ndawonye ukugcina uphuhliso kunye nokusebenza komzimba. Kodwa iiseli zabantu ayisiyiyo kuphela "zizinto" zokwenza imizimba yethu. Ngapha koko, sihlala e-Symbiosis kunye ne-rilion microorganisms. Imalunga nabo siza kukuxelela namhlanje.
Uluvo lwezazinzulu kule akhawunti
Abaphandi bekude baxoxe ngohlobo lomlinganiselo weeseli zabantu kunye nemicroorganisms emzimbeni. UVAVANYO Lwaqala, kodwa isifundo sokugqibela esinikezelwe kufundo lwalo mbandela, ovela kwi-Plology ngo-2016, iphakamisa ukuba sisemzimbeni kwaye sisemzimbeni malunga neeseli ezininzi njengeeseli zabantu. Ukongeza kwi-bacteria nakwintsholongwane, ezi microorganisms zibandakanya iintshukumo, izinto zangaphambili ezingenanto, kwaye uEukaria, uChwengqwa kunye ne-chromosomes ekhusela i-chromosomes yayo. Zonke zizonke zenza imicrobiotes ezahlukeneyo: Uluntu lwee-microorganisms ezikhoyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni womntu okanye emzimbeni wayo.
Ukungalingani kweentsholongwane emzimbeni kubangela ukophulwa
Ifoto: HARTAHH.USPUS.com.
Kutheni i-bacteria ibalulekile kwimpilo
Iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane yintsholongwane yomntu: ukudityaniswa koluntu oluncinci kuluntu kuwo wonke umntu. Ukuqokelelwa kwee-microorganisms kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni impilo yethu - nangona kuyimfuneko ukuba le nto inyanzelekileyo ukuba inani leentlobo zeentsholongwane, i-fungi kunye nezinye ii-microorganismes zahlala kwiphepha lesekeli. Xa le mali ilunge kwaye, umzekelo, uhlobo olunye lweebhaktiriya lukhethwe ngaphezulu, lunokukhokelela kusulelo kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo. Eli nqaku lichaza izinto ezahlukeneyo ezihlala kumathumbu, umlomo, ilungu lobufazi kunye nesibeleko, ipenisi, ulusu, amehlo nemiphunga.
Imeko yenxalenye
Eyona nto iphambili kwi-colonication ye-microorganisms, ngakumbi intsholongwane, ngamathumbu omntu. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba i-gestrointenal iphecana lomntu liqulethe i-bacteria, i-Archey kunye ne-Eukaryot ", edlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-intertine hometasis iphecana. Izifundo zikwabonisa ukuba iibhaktiriya ze-bacterial zithambisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwamathumbu kunye nengqondo ngokunxibelelana nenkqubo ye-nerstinaal ye-nertinal okanye ezinye iindlela ezinokubakho i-homonial okanye ezinye iindlela ezinokubakho i-homonal okanye ezinye iindlela ezinokubakho i-homonal okanye ezinye iindlela ezinokubakho. Iindidi eziphambili zentsholongwane kumathumbu kunye ne-figurodetes, ezenza i-90% microbiotes yamathumbu. Ezinye ii-actinobacteria, iProteobacteria, i-fusobiacterua kunye ne-verrucococicrobia. Oku kubandakanya amanye amaqela aqhelekileyo aqhelekileyo okanye ukuzala komntwana kuhlobo lwezithambiso, ezinjengeLactobaclus, eyaziwayo ngempembelelo yalo yempilo. Olu luhlu, nangona kunjalo, alupheli. Ngokwedatha edityanisiweyo, kukho malunga ne-2172 iintlobo zebacteria kwi-gestrointenal phecanal.
Ezinye ii-microorganisms ezikhoyo kumathumbu ziintsholongwane, kodwa hayi ezo zihlala zibangela isifo. Olu hlobo, olubizwa ngokuba yi "Bacteriophas" - Ngokwenene, i-bacteria traters-enokunceda ukugcina imisebenzi ye-microfial ngokufaka imisebenzi yangaphakathi ye-bacteria. I-Bacteriophas "yenza uninzi lwezinto ezimbi zentsholongwane ye-microbiomal ye-microbiomal," kwaye abaphandi baxoxa ngaloo nxalenye yendima yabo ukuba bagcine ibhalansi ethile kwi-microorganis. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwazo luqondwa kakubi.
Imicroorganisms emlonyeni
Njengasemazantsi, umlomo ikwanayo i-bacteria ezininzi eziyimfuneko kwikhaya le-goostas. Uluhlu olubanzi lwee-microorganisms zikhona kwi-oral cavity. Kukunxibelelana rhoqo kwaye, njengoko kubonisiwe, ukuba bakhuselekile kwiimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo, "Cacibanini boqwalaselo olupapashwe kwijenali yejenali ye-Outeli ye-Oral kunye neMaxillofacial ngo-2019. Baqhubeka, ukuba ngaba "umphezulu ohlukeneyo emlonyeni uchithwe ikakhulu ziintsholongwane zomlomo," kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomphezulu, ngokuxhomekeka, umzekelo, amazinyo. I-microbiiota yomthetho yomlomo iqulethe iintlobo ezili-12 zentsholongwane - iziseko zentsholongwane, i-fussobacteria, i-prodomdiae, i-chlofdiae, i-chlofdiae, i-spcharoactee, i-spchariable, i-SPROFACTEE, i-SPROFACTEE Kodwa umlomo nawo ezinye ii-microorganisms, ezilula, ixhaphake kakhulu, ixhaphake yi-Gingigalis kunye neTrikhomonis Tenax, kunye namakhowa. Kumlomo we-Oral Corners kukho i-85 i-geserikhi yama-mushroom, kubandakanya amaNqanaba, i-Aureobaridium, i-Aureobasidium, i-Aureobasidium, i-Saccharomycetas, i-Aspermills, i-Susarium kunye ne-cryptococcus. Msgstr "[Microbiiota yomlomo] idlala indima yokuthatha isigqibo sokugcina i-HOOSTEASO YOKUGQIBELA YOMBULELO," ukukhuselwa kophuhliso lomlomo kunye nokuthintela ababhali bophononongo luka-2019.
Imimandla yase-Urogenar
Isini na kunye nendlela yomchamo zinenani elikhulu lee-microorganisms. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba kwi-bagina "intsholongwane ilawula", nangona leliphi ibhaktiriya kwaye ngawo amanani angabi lula ukuphendula. Izifundo zamva nje zibonisa ukuba inani le-bacterialfauls kwilungu lobufazi alinakutshintsha kuphela kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo omjikelo wokuya esikhathini, kodwa kwangahluka kubantu abahlukeneyo kunye neentlanga ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye iintlobo zebacteria ezichongiweyo kwi-vactobac cansac, i-Prevotella, i-Dayiyne, Gargnerella, i-meggertilla, i-AEROCHECUS. "I-Microbiiota yomntu idlala indima ephambili kuthintelo lwezifo ezininzi ze-Urogenitan, ezinjenge-bacterial vaginos, usulelo lwesondo, usulelo lwesondo, usulelo lwesondo. Kungenxa yoko le nto iingcali zicebisa ukuba zilumke kakhulu xa kuziwa kucoceko: iimveliso ezininzi zinokutshabalalisa ibhalansi ye-bacterial kule ndawo. Oogqirha bacebisa ukuba ucoce izilwanyana ngaphandle kwamanzi ngaphandle kwesepha izihlandlo ezininzi ngemini, okanye sebenzisa iindlela ezinendawo ene-apidiaid acined.
Malunga neBacteria kwizini ezinesini kusenokungaziwa
Ifoto: HARTAHH.USPUS.com.
Ukongeza, kuncinci okwaziwayo malunga ne-microbiiota ye-uterus. Izazinzulu zaqalisa ukufunda lo mbandela kutsha nje. Olunye uhlolisiso lubonise ukuba ama-Lactobaclus kunye ne-facebacterium yajika yaba yeyona bhakteria ixhaphakileyo esibelekweni, nokuba ingaba lo mfazi ukhulelwe. Kancinci kukwaziwa malunga ne-microbity yebhedi yomfazi kunye ne-urethra. Kwisifundo esapapashwa kwimbono yangoku kwi-Urology ngo-2017, kuyaphawuleka ukuba "uninzi lwezifundo zempilo zenziwa ngaphandle kolwazi okanye imitha ye-hinane microbiota." Emva kweZifundo zakutshanje, yaqala ukuba ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zebhakteriya kwi-urethra yabasetyhini yi-Lactobacla, i-Garnenebacterium, i-corynebacterium, i-stptococcus kunye ne-stphylococo. Ababhali bamava elinye babeka phambili i-hypothesis enokuthi intsholongwane ye-bacteria tratect inokuthi ihlukane ngokuxhomekeke kubudala, inqanaba lezinto ezenziwa ngesondo nokuba umntu ushiyekile okanye hayi.
Imimandla yase-Urogenal ye-Urogental
Ukuba abaphandi basencinci malunga ne-microbiiota yemimandla yase-Urobita ye-Urogenital, kubonakala ngathi bayazi nangezantsi malunga nezo bacteria ezikhoyo kwingingqi yamadoda e-Urogenial. Olunye uhlolisiso lwenziwe ngo-2010 lubonakalise umahluko kwiindawo ezincinci ngexesha loluka xa kuthelekiswa neepeyinti ezingezizo ezikwinkcubeko ezimeleyo yesifundo. Ngokukodwa, intsholongwane yeentsholongwane zosapho lwe-closriales kunye ne-Prevotelaceae yajika ixhaphake ngakumbi kumalungu anqabileyo. Ababhali bephephandaba baqaphele ukuba umahluko onjalo unokudlala indima ekuvuyeni nasekucikizeni usulelo. "Kubantu abangarhabaxa, abaya kuba ziintsholongwane ezinkulu, kwaye iindidi zeebhakteriya zahluke kakhulu," utshilo uGqr Cindy Liu udliwanondlebe.
Kulusu
Njengasemachini, ulusu lomntu luqulatha iibhaktiriya ezininzi kunye nama-mushroom. Kumicimbi epapashwe kwiNdalo yejenali iphonononge iMicrobiology ngo-2018, icacisiwe ukuba abantu ababhayili bahlukile kwimimandla yolusu, njengokuba kunjalo, ubungakanani beoyile yendalo okanye i-sebum. Ngokutsho kophononongo, "iindawo ezahlukeneyo zaye zahlulahlula, ngelixa intsholongwane ekhula kwindawo emanzi, enjenge-staphylocococcus kunye ne-corynebaccium, yayininzi kwiindawo ezinamanzi, kubandakanywa namagorha eemitha kunye neenyawo.
Eyona microorganisms exhaphakileyo kulusu lomntu ziintsholongwane, kwaye okuncinci kukuqhekeka ngamakhowa. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, kuwo wonke umzimba kunye nolusu lwezandla, ii-mughs genus malassezia zezona zixhaphakileyo. Ngokuchasene noko, ukudityaniswa kweMalassizia, iAstrgilsus, i-Cryptococcus, eRhodotorccus, eRhodotorula kunye ne-Epicoccum, phakathi kwezinye, kuxhaphakile kulusu lwemilenze.
Intsholongwane yesikhumba inokusebenza ukuthintela ukungena kwe-microorganis microorganis kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezifo, kuxhomekeka apho kulawulwa khona iikholoni. Njengoko ababhali besi sifundo babhalwa: "Unxibelelwano phakathi kwamalungu e-Microbiial, bobabini bayenza indawo yokuhlala i-microbial, kwaye bakhusele ikholoni ngebhacteriac ye-pathogenic kule nkqubo, ebizwa ngokuba" kukunganyangeki kwekholoni ". Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, bayaqhubeka, - iintsholongwane ezihlala ziluncedo kubanini bayo banokube yi-pathogenic. Izifo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zesikhumba zinxulunyaniswa notshintsho kwi-microbiiota, ebizwa ngokuba yi Dysbiosis.
Kwimiphunga
Sisoloko sicinga ngebhaktiriya kwimiphunga kuphela kwimeko yezifo zokuphefumla. Nangona kunjalo, iintsholongwane zikhona kwimiphunga esempilweni. Ezinye zezona ntlobo zebhakrinta zentsholongwane eziqhelekileyo kwimiphunga esempilweni - izityholo, i-bacteriodete, iproteobacteria, i-fusobacteria kunye ne-actinobacteria, ngokokujonga ukusukela ngo-2017. Xa ibhalansi ecekeceke yeentsholongwane kwimiphunga yaphukile, inokukhokelela kuphuhliso lwezifo ezinje nge-asthma kunye nesifo esingapheliyo se-pulmorive. Umzekelo, kunye ne-ASTHMA, inani le-bacteria haemophilus naseNeisseria inyuka, kunye nexabiso le-prevotella kunye neVeillonenelella iyancipha. Oku kuqinisekisa i-hypothesis ukuba i-midbioma ye-mingbioma inokubangela ukuba ungoyena unobangela we-Asthma. Iqela elingenise uphononongo luka-2017 ligxininisa imfuneko yokuqhubeka nokufunda ezinye iindlela ezinxulumene nemiphunga ezinxulumene nemiphunga, ukuba izifundo zexesha elizayo kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo intsebenzo enokubakho phakathi kweentsholongwane, iintsholongwane kunye namakhowa. "
Intsholongwane yomntu yinkqubo entsonkothileyo, kwaye abaphandi bayaqhubeka nokufunda ngakumbi ngendima yakhe ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yabantu nakwizifo zayo. Kwixa elizayo, izazinzulu zifuna ukuntywila kwi-riddles yale microcosm.