-Alexander Nikolaevich, mhlawumbi awuyiqwalaseli imbali yakho yobuqu ebaluleke kakhulu kwisikali selizwe?
- Ngubani owaziyo. Gcina kwixesha lethu phantse ukungaziwa - kubiza ixabiso elibiza kakhulu. Inemvakalelo yokuba abantu benza oko babiza kakhulu ukuze babekho kwisibini. Andifuni ukwenza le nto. Ngamanye amaxesha nditsala into, izinto ezintle kakhulu. Umzekelo, ndinencwadi ethi "Ngo-1962", yabhekiswa kuNyana, kwaye apho ndichaza okwethutyana, iyinyani, ndisenyongweni yebhayiloji yebhayoloji: Mama amabali osapho lwam, amabali osapho. Kodwa ndiyayenza ngononophelo. Ngamaxesha athile, xa wonke umntu eluntwini kwaye ethengiswa - umntu kufuneka ahlale eyakhe.
Nangona kunjalo, uluvo lwakho luthathwa njengegunyazisiweyo, uhlala ubhekiswa kwizimvo nemicimbi yezopolitiko nezembali. Ke ngoko, inomdla ukwazi ngakumbi ngawe. Ndenze isigqibo kwi-biegraphy yakho emfutshane owakhe wagqiba kwelokuba uthathe isigqibo ngesiphelo sakho sexesha elizayo. Emva kwesikolo, kwakhethwa i-faculty yeRussia noncwadi, kwaye emva koko, umsebenzi wakho uqala ngokuthe ngcembe kolu lwalathiso. Mhlawumbi, le yitalente ekhethekileyo - ukufumana ukuba unjengoku?
- Iphondo linentetho emangalisayo: Kuyimfuneko ukufumana i-claw entanyeni. Ndaba nethamsanqa: Ndamfumana phantse kwangoko. Esikolweni, bendifunda ngobubele kuzo zonke izifundo ezinxulumene noncwadi. Kwaye ngokukhawuleza waphosa imathematics, eyokuqala ndanele ngokwaneleyo. Hayi ngenxa yokuba bendingenabuchule, kodwa kuba andikwazi ukwenza into endingenamdla. Ngegama endinomdla kulo lokusebenza. Kwaye akunandaba nokuba ndenza ntoni, yonke into, indlela enye okanye enye, inxibelelana nayo. Zombini umabonwakude noncwadi. Indawo endinokuziqonda ngayo - le isenokuba lishishini. Kodwa andinamdla kum. Hayi ngenxa yokuba ndingayithandi imali. (Andimchasanga imali, kodwa kufuneka babe kwindawo yabo ebomini.) Kwaye ngenxa yokuba ndiyazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ngelo xesha andiyi kwaneliswa sisiphelo sam. U-Ozotot me, kodwa latha into endimangalisayo - andiyifuni.
-Ukuba olo thando ngoncwadi- ngaba kufanele ukuba bakhuliswe ngandlel 'ithile? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uphumelele kwintsapho yokufunda?
-Ngaba. Ndandihlala ndedwa, ebengatshatanga, wasebenza njengohlobo lonomathotholo. Abazali bakaMamina basweleka kwangoko, kwaye wandisa nogogo wam, umakhulu wakhe, owayephila kubudala obunzulu. Usebenze njengomfundisi weklasi eziphambili. Oko kukuthi, sasinosapho oluqhelekileyo lweSoviet. Ndikhulele ngaphandle kwe-moscow, "ubomi bendlela." Kodwa ngaxa lithile ebomini, ndandinethamsanqa. Ndaya kwi-piano palace ukuba irekhodwe kwisangqa sokudibanisa. Kwaye endleleni, ngamathuba, kwinkampani, wabhalwa kwisangqa sokufunda. Njengoko kufanele kube yishumi elivisayo, ndabhala ngokupheleleyo igrafongo, kodwa andifundanga iincwadi. Kwaye kukho inkazana ebhotwe yePiano, eneneni eneneni eneneni athetha kum. IZinaida Nikolaevna Novraanskaya - enkosi kuThixo, uyaphila kwaye usempilweni. Wayengugqirha wezengqondo oselula kwaye enyanisweni wasikelwa inani lemizekelo. Yintoni efanelwe kukuba umsebenzi we-Poland onguvulindlela ungumvuzo we-ruble yeqela ngalinye. Oko kukuthi, wakwenza ngokuqinisekileyo ngenxa yemali, kodwa ngento enzima ngakumbi. Kwaye apha wasikhokelela, kwaye ngaphandle kokwenza kuthi, enkosi kuThixo, ababhali, yayingekuko ukukhetha kwabo badaliweyo. Kodwa yayiyimfundo yobuhle xa umntu engena kwihlabathi loncwadi kwaye kukho amanye amazwe angaphakathi evaliwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Kwaye apho ndafumanisa ukuba ndingena ngokupheleleyo kwindalo yam. Esikolweni, ndandingenalo ulwalamano kunye nabantu ofunda nabo, sasingenako ukusondela kwengqondo nengqondo. Kwaye nabo bafana endidibana nabo kwisangqa ngo-1976, sisanxibelelana. Ndikhumbula imikhosi yethu enobuhlobo emva kwe-mug evela kwiintaba zeLeninsky ecaleni kwendlela, kwaye ukusuka kwi-petrovky ye-petrovky ukuya kwipaki yenkcubeko, xa abazali bethu abahlwempuzekileyo babukhalimela igumbi labo, kuba akukho mntu wehle "kunye babize. Njengoko intombi ephakathi indixelele: "Ewe, awuzange ubenazo iifowuni, kodwa zazikhona izithunywa." Hayi, besingenazim. (Uhleka.)
Andinguye usapho lwengqondo: ubomi obuqhelekileyo baseSoviet offtists. Kodwa ngaxa lithile ndandinethamsanqa elihle: Ndingene kwisangqa esibhaliweyo. .
- Ngaba ufumana ntoni?
-Yibongo, ndasweleka kwi-paritersak. Kutshiwo ukuba ubukhulu bombhali bulinganiswa ngendlela athambisa ngayo ukuphuculwa koncwadi kunye nokuba bangaphi ababhali abawonakalisayo. Ndiye ndachitha i-Painbak. Ndaya kuye entlokweni yam. Elinye ithamsanqa yayiyintlanganiso yam kunye nomfundi omkhulu (emva koko kwabakho umsebenzi, kwaye abantu baya kwiikonsathi, apho abadlali bafundela khona imibongo, apho abadlali bafundela khona i-DIKOLALAVEVLEV. Wayenemibhalo-ngqangi eyayinikelwe kuye ngokutsha. Khawufane ucinge ukuba yintoni? Jonga ukuba wabhala njani, okubhaliweyo okubhabha kwesandla ngokubhabha, awawukhethayo ukhetho. I-Pasternak ayizange iwele la mazwi, kodwa ibambelele ngamaqhekeza ukuze ugobe kwaye ubone ukuba yayiyintoni ngaphambili. Ndikhulele ke kwi-Pastiak, ke kwiziko, uCungkin wandivulela, kwaye lonke uncwadi lwehlabathi lwahamba emva kwakhe. Ndingolu hlaziyo olunamandla.
- Namhlanje uhlala senza uphononongo lokushiya iincwadi. Uyinyule njani imisebenzi oyifunayo?
- Kukho imibuzo emibini kwenye. Ndingumfundi, kwaye mna - njengesikhangeli. Njengomkhangeli, ndinyanzelekile ukuba ndithathe izinto ezintsha eziza kuphuma okanye zivele. Bamele babehluke kakhulu. Kwaye njengomfundi ndenza ngokwahlukileyo. Ukuba sithetha ngephepha lephepha, emva koko ndizithenge, njengommiselo, kabini ngonyaka. Ndithatha ibhegi enkulu, ndiye kwincwadi yaseMoscow, ndifumana, ndaza ndazisasaza izitaga, ndithabatha ukusuka phezulu, ndafunda, ndafunda. Ndahamba-ndiyaqhubeka, andizukuya, ndihlehlisa. Oko ndayeka ukugxekwa koncwadi, ulwalamano lwam noncwadi lukhona lubhetele kakhulu: andifuni kufunda. Esi sisibonelelo esikhulu: kukho i-labud- kwaye yimfesane yokuchitha ixesha kuye. Kwaye ke kunokuba naluphi na uncwadi - yeyelenqe, unganikezeli kwingqondo, i-thellectual, iguquli, i-nakdeer, i-wisternmoden, inyani.
- Ngaba iincwadi zisekho iphepha?
-Ngahlukileyo. Ndinabafundi abaliqela. Ndiqhuba kakhulu, kwaye eneneni unokukhuphela ilayibrari iyonke kwaye uqhubeke naye. Ikhululekile. Incwadi yephepha yimvakalelo yobuhle. Kodwa ayisiyo imeko yobukho boncwadi, yenye kuphela yeendlela zayo ezingahleliwe. Kwaye ekubeni ndisele ndiqhelene, kutheni kufuneka ndingavumi kolu vuyo?
-Umkhulu kangakanani unethala leencwadi?
-Imawaka eencwadi ezintathu - umhlaba wonke kwi-classic ukusuka kwilizwe lakudala kunye ne-antique ukuya kuthi ga kumzuzu. Ilungile ngobalo-maxesha, ngegama lokugqibela. Ngasihlandlo sithile, ndilinganiselwe ngumlawuli: enye yazisa enye. Shiya kuphela ezo ncwadi ndiza kufunda. Ke ngoko, ndala ukwakha uluhlu lwesibini lweeshelufisi ukuze kungenakwenzeka ukuba undwengwe kwaye ndibenzele ngokungapheliyo omnye komnye. Iincwadi ezime kwimiqolo emibini sele ifile. Kodwa, kuyacaca ukuba, kuya kufuneka ubuye kumgaqo wam, kuba ngoku uToma sele eqala ukuya kwindlwana phantsi.
-Yena bekukho indlu yoovulindlela, isangqa esibonisa isangqa ... kwaye emva kwenkulungwane yokuqala, uthathe isigqibo sokuba ungayi ngutitshala, kodwa ukwenza uncwadi?
-Ngenxa kaThixo, kutheni ndiye e-pedigogical? Umama wayengenalo ithuba lokuhlawula amalungiselelo am kwiDyunivesithi. Kwiimviwo, ndiza kuqinisekiswa ukuba ndingaphumelelanga ulwimi, kodwa kakhulu kungekuphela nje. Kwaye andifuni kum emkhosini: Kwakuqala nje ngo-1979, xa iinyanga ezimbalwa zahlala phambi kweAfghanistan. Ke ngoko, ndaya kwindibano, njengoyingozi: okokuqala, amakhwenkwe ayafuneka apho, kwaye okwesibini. Kodwa andikaze ndiye kutitshala. Andisithandi isikolo konke konke, andikuthandi ukuthobela. Kwaye kunyaka wokuqala, ndaya emsebenzini ukuya ebhotwe loovulindlela, oko kukuthi, incwadi yomsebenzi yavulwa ukusuka kwiminyaka eli-18 ubudala, njengentloko yoncwadi. Qaphela ukuba kwixesha lethu emva kokuba iziko lalikwasasazwe. Kodwa ekubeni ndandingafuni ukuya esikolweni, ndangenisa nje isigqibo sezonyango ukuba andikwazi ukufundisa isifuba. Ndichaze into efunekayo apho, kwaye emva kwam. Nangona babenokuhlala, kunjalo. (Uhleka.)
-Aqala emva koko?
-Unomathotholo wokuqala. Emva koMbhongi wase-vulindlela, apho ndaphinda khona, ndisebenzela i-ruble i-ruble inyanga (yokuthelekisa i-rublership), bendikwixesha lokuqala ebomini bam ndinomsebenzi kwirediyo. Umama, osebenze kwiBhodi yokuHlulela kwabantwana, waya endithandaze, kwaye ndinomsebenzi. Ndisiya kulilungisa apho. Yayiyinto yokuthi cwaka kumandla eSoviet, kwaye ndakwazi ukubamba ubuhle belo xesha. Ke ngoko, xa ndindixelela ukuba ngamandla eSoviet kwabakho inkcubeko ephezulu - ndiyazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba le yintonga engenantsingiselo. Kumdaniso werediyo yeminyaka yomhlala-phantsi, kwaye umhleli wam ophambili wawusebenza khona ukususela ngo-1953, oko kukuthi, ekufeni kweStalin. Kwaye urhoxise abantwana de i-gorgyv yeza. Emva kweenyanga ezisithoba, ndasinda apho, emva koko ndathatyathwa kwijenali "ubuhlobo babantu", uhlengahlengiso lwaqala. Ngo-24, ndaba ngumhleli omdala kwaye ndiyamkhumbula kakuhle, njengoko ndafika ekhaya kwinkosikazi yam (ndandisele nditshatile ngelo xesha) ndamxelela, "Ungandincoma i-incopho yomsebenzi wakho." Kuba bekucacile ukuba, ukuba andingenangangeni (kwaye oku bekungekho kwizicwangciso zam), emva koko kolu phala. Ngokubhekele phaya, ndahlala ngeendlela ezimbalwa, akukho namnye owandinelisayo. Eyokuqala ikwicala. Kodwa andifuni ukuba sisidima, ndiyabahlonela ngokunzulu, kodwa asingam. Okwesibini kukuhamba. Andifuni. Yintoni imfazwe? Okwesithathu kukulala. Ngcono. Ngethamsanqa, iqhutywa, kuba ke yonke into yayiphula. Kwaye ke kwakumnandi kwimagazini. Siprinte nje "abantwana be-Arbati", zonke ezi zinto ziphezulu zaqala ngeeriphabliki. Yayiluhlobo lwabantu 'lwabantu'. Isiqingatha segama endilichithe kuhambo lweShishini - iAzerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan. EKazakhstan ngo-1986 wabona intetho yokuqala yabantu abancinci abanee-straks zikazwelonke. Ndaziva nditshintsha, yonke ibali lalilungiselelwe ngalo. Yayilithuba elimangalisayo, kwaye ngethamsanqa, ndathatha ithuba labo.
Uhambo lwakutshanje lwaseYakuts omangalisiwe kuwo onke amaqebengwana asentwasahlobo kwaye aphakamise imvakalelo yenja. .
-Umjwili kakhulu kwiinkqubo zezopolitiko, njengoko kufanele kube nguyise okhathalayo. Ubukrelekrele baxele ukuba unabantwana abane ...
- Ewe. Andiyi kubiza mntu ngegama, andazi nokuba bayahluthani na. Aba bangoonyana abavela kwimitshato emibini, kwaye bakhula ngemini. Inqanaba lokuqala - 25, waphumelela eMehm, kodwa ukhuselwe kwiilwimi, ngoku sele efundisa kwisikolo esiphakamileyo se-Economics. Umndilili ofundwayo kwi-quidlalo yezoqoqosho yeYunivesithi yaseMoscow State, kwaye ngoku ugqiba kwelokhokho kwimfundo ephezulu kwezopolitiko. Isebenza kwi-Arhente yeendaba. Intombi ephakathi isesafunda esikolweni, uneminyaka eli-14 ukusuka kwimihla ngemihla, kwaye omncinci kulo nyaka - 11. Ngubani umntu oza kuphila apho afuna ukuhlala khona. Yeyiphi inkqontsi eya kulunga, iya kunxiba. Umama akazange andinike ukukhetha umsebenzi, kwaye andizukubenza uxinzelelo.
-Endlela, malunga nendawo yokuhlala. Ulixesha elininzi lokuchitha ixesha eFransi. Ilizwe langaphandle lakho olithandayo?
-Ilizwe lam elithandwayo yi-Switzerland, apho ndandisebenza khona kwi-90s. Yayiyinyanga ekonwabileyo, bendinemikhosi yehlobo. Ndifumene iinyanga ezintathu zomvuzo weSwitzetland, kwaye unyaka osele waphila kuwo apha. Kwaye oku, bendisakwazi ukundifundisa - ndandingunjingalwazi weMoscow kwiSebe leMicimbisia. Yayiyinyani ebomini bam, apho kwabhalwa ukuba ndinelungelo lokuphoswa kwesinye kwisithathu sonyaka wokufunda ngokunxulumene nemisebenzi ebanzi yekonisathi. (Ukuhleka.) Kwaye ngoku - ewe, ndichitha ixesha eFransi. Yenzekile. Ndikumama-mpuma kwaye kwezinye izalathiso zonyango ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka ngamanye amaxesha iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ibe ngamaxesha amafutshane. Apha eFrance, ndizichitha. Kwaye ekubeni izindlu zinexabiso eliphantsi phaya kuneMoscow, emva koko nawuphi na umntu ofumana umvuzo omhlophe akwazi ukuthatha imali mboleko kwaye athenga akukho ndawo ixabisekileyo. Anditsho ukuba i-paris.
- kodwa kwiilwimi zasemzini awuthethi?
-Ngaba. Ngelishwa, andinazo ulwimi kwiilwimi. Kodwa abantwana bam bathi yonke into kakuhle kwaye kufuneka undihlekise. Kodwa imnandi kakhulu, kuba uyaqonda-abantwana bakugqitha.
-Ngaba, mhlawumbi undixelele ngomama wabo?
-Umfazi wam wokuqala wayenguJulia. Ibandakanyeka kwizinto ezikufutshane necawe. Okwesibini - uMaria, usebenza yintatheli. Siphila kwindawo ye-Arbat. Kwakhona, sasinethamsanqa elihle kakhulu: Ngasihlandlo sithile saye sabeka esichengeni sokuthatha imali mboleko kwaye sathenga indlu ngexabiso, ekunzima ukuyikholelwa namhlanje.
-Hamba ujikeleze i-Arbat, mhlawumbi xa sikhululekile.
Ungahambi, andinamidlalo kunyaka wam wokugqibela kwaye isiqingatha. Into embi kakhulu. Ndiyathemba ukuba xa ndisasaza izicwangciso zam, ubuncinci ndiza kubuyela ezemidlalo. Kwaye ke ndiceba ukubhabha kangangezihlandlo ezilishumi kwiinyanga ezimbini, ndikhuphe kwaye ndisebenze kuwe. I-Moscow inesixeko esiqinileyo kakhulu. Ihamba kakuhle apha kakuhle, kodwa ayinakwenzeka ukuba ubhale kwaye uyila into. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukuqhwiphu okwethutyana, ukuphinda usebenzise kwakhona, kodwa ke ungene kuwe.
-Unyaka ophelileyo, ubeneminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Umhla obalulekileyo. Ngaba ucinga ukuba umsebenzi wakho osisiseko sele ubhaliwe okanye useza ngaphambili?
- Lo ngumba wokuqulunqa okungafanelekanga. Ubuzwa abaninzi kubo, kodwa akanampendulo. Ndiyathemba ukuba yonke incwadi yam elandelayo iya kuba ngcono kunangaphambili ukuba yonke into ebhaliweyo iya kuba ngcono kunangaphambili. INkosi yandinika ithuba lokuzama kwicala elinye, kodwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye uhlala namagorha am, yiba yi-cinema okanye uncwadi, elinye inani lobomi. Ndisanda ndenza nje umsebenzi wam, kwaye andikhathali nokuba iya kumhlawula, nokuba iyakuphuma kwintengiso, ixesha elingakanani eliya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani. Inkqubo ibalulekile. Umntu uyabuza: Ngaba wanelisekile okanye wonwabe? Kule nto iphumayo le ncwadi, ndiyaneliswa. Kwaye xa ndiyibhale-bonwabile.