Elesihlanu ngoDisemba 1901, umphathi webali ophambili wavela emhlabeni - Walt Disney. Imouse ye-mickey, uDonald Dack, Mermaid, ikhephu emhlophe, eCinderella - amaqhawe espula yakhe kudala abe neentsomi. Kodwa ayibonakali yinto engaqhelekanga ukuba iikhathuni zazinomdla kwindoda endala? Kwaye kakhulu ukuba uzinikele kubo bonke ubomi bakhe? Makhe siqonde indlela umntu omphefumlo womntwana owaba ngumrhwebi ophumelelayo kwaye watshintsha umhlaba wophawu.
Ubomi nge-oda bacela umngeni kwi-walt encinci ye-walt. Intsapho yakhe yayintle kwaye ihlala ishukuma. Walt wazalelwa kwenye yezona dolophu zinkulu ze-USA - Chicago, nangona wayehlala apho ixesha elide, elineminyaka emihlanu kuphela ubudala. Emva koko wafudukela kwifama encinci eMissouri ngeZihlobo, kwaye emva kwexesha kamva bafudukela eKansas. Abamelwane abaninzi babesazi kwaye babemthanda i-Walt - wabahlula ngumsindo ovuthayo. Omnye wabo, umphathi we-Geteran Drwood, waze wahlawula inkwenkwe engamashumi amabini anesihlanu epeyintiweyo ihashe layo ephepheni. Emva kwexesha, iDisney wayekholelwa ukuba yayiyimifanekiso ephumelelayo kaGqr kaGqr Sherwood kwaye wayityhalela engqondweni yokuba ngumculi.
Iqhawe lethu ukusukela ebuntwaneni labonisa umdla wokuzoba, kwaye okokuqala okokuqala baqala ukuthengisa kwiminyaka esixhenxe. Emva kwexesha ndapeyinta iphephandaba lesikolo, kwaye ebusuku ndatyelela i-Academy yoBugcisa obuhle. Emva koko waphumelela ikhosi yamaphephandaba eekhabhathi, apho bafundisa ukungafundanga, ukophulwa okumnandi kwengcinga yesiqhelo kunye nendlela ye-laconic. I-Disney yamthanda ukuphinda ubuntwana yeyona nto imangalisayo ebomini. Yayili-carido yobomi bakhe, wayefuna abantu bazive le mvakalelo imangalisayo rhoqo njengoko kunokwenzeka. Kwaye yintoni enokuba ngumlingo weekhathuni?
Iprototype ye-mermaid eyaziwayo yaba ngumdlali we-Alissa Milano
Isakhelo esivela kwikhathuni "Mermaid"
Kodwa indlela yokufumana oopopayi yayithanga kwaye yaqala konke ukusuka ekuzobeni. Kwiminyaka elithoba, i-Walt sele ifumene ubomi bakhe. Ndivuke ngentsimbi yesihlanu kusasa ukuze kunye nomzalwana kwigumbi abadala bahambisa ngeposi, emva koko balwa ngokukhawuleza esikolweni. Ukufikelela kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu, wagqiba kwelokuba ahambe. Yile nto yaqala ngayo uYise, owayenentlupheko ixesha elide. I-Walt ngovuyo wawuthatha lo msebenzi, kodwa wayefuna ukwenza into engaphezulu. Kwaye imizobo yayingeyonto yonke i-hobby elula ye-Walt. Wagqiba kwelokuba abe ngumculi oqeqeshiweyo. Ukuva ukuba utata onjalo, uDisney phantse waphambukela - kunokwenzeka ukuba enze imali kwisonka, azoba zonke iintlobo zemifanekiso! Kodwa i-Walt ayinazo iingxelo ezingenangqondo konke konke, uzibeka uyinjongo aze afikelele! Ngo-1920 waphumelela kwisikolo sobugcisa. Kuyinyani, uthando lwelizwe lakhe lwaluphazamiseka kancinane kwinjongo entle.
Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi I, i-Disney eneminyaka eli-16 ubudala eneminqweno yokusebenza emkhosini. Kodwa amatsha-ntliziyo aselula akazange aphumelele kwiziqinisekiso zobudala, ngenxa yoko wanikwa isihlalo se-suuupfer ebomvu. UDisney wavuma, wayithumela eFransi. Ewe, akwanelanga: Kwangelo xesha kanye umhlaba wagqitywa phakathi kokufika komqhubi phakathi kwamaqela alwayo, kwaye ngoko nangoko kwafuneka ukuba agobe ekhaya.
Emva kokuba ebuyele kubuhlobo obuqhelekileyo be-disnenesi eyakhiwe kubuchule. Ekuqaleni uye wasebenza kwiphephandaba, kodwa apho wayediniwe - endaweni yengoma, isandla sakhe sakhawuleza ukuthwala into. Ke, ukhetho oluyimpumelelo ngakumbi yayingumsebenzi owenziwa ngumculi kwi-tioreclam. Intengiso yentengiso iye yaba yindalo yokuqala yeDisney. Imizobo emifutshane yayiphumelele kakhulu, kwaye i-Walt ngokoqobo yathandana nohlobo olutsha lwezinto ezenzelwe yena. Wayesondela ixesha elide, ezama ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Imouse mouse mouse yabangela ukuba i-Disney ye-Disney ye-Disney kunye neQabane le-Afm ye-Afm-le ayilithandi igama lomlingiswa wenkanyezi. Ngenxa yoko, i-AB iphume kwi-studio
Isakhelo esivela kwikhathuni yekhathuni "I-Mickey I-Mouse kunye ne-Kangaroo"
Ngenameva ukuya kwi-oscars
Iingcamango ziginyiwe kwintloko yeDisney, kunye neeprojekthi zentengiso bezingafakwanga. Ukubona iikhathuni ze-max flower malunga ne-Betty Bump kunye nomatiloshe, wayenomdla onzulu kwimoopopayi. Ke i-walt disney igqibe kwelokuba iye eHollywood. Kodwa kwakufanelekile ukuza kuphela apho, ngoko nangoko wabalekela kwiingxaki ezininzi - zazingekho kwiindawo zokuqala rainerner, kwaye oovimba abaziintloko bezingafuneki kwaphela. Kodwa i-Walt ayizange inikezele kakhulu, waqala ukuhamba ngeearhente ezifuna umsebenzi. Kwaye ngethuba elifanelekileyo badibana nosomashishini ozimeleyo owayenemigangatho eshukumisayo. UWaltt wamcebisa ukuba akhuthaze imizobo yakhe ebonakalayo, kwaye inzuzo ithatha.
Ugqibe kwelokuba asebenzise ubuchule obunomdla obunomdla-wazisa iqhawe lokwenyani kwihlabathi elinomdla. Okokuqala, kwakuyimfuneko ukukhetha iyelenqe. I-Walt ukusukela ebuntwaneni besithandwa ", ngoko ndathatha intombazana enembonakalo efanelekileyo kwindima yaza yaqalisa umsebenzi. Ekuqaleni wayedubula okwenyani, emva koko waya kwigaraji yakhe, apho kwakumi ifilimu, wasebenza kwifilimu. Wenze omnye opeyintiweyo, inyani edibeneyo nentsomi, wasibeka umfanekiso ngokwawo. Ekuqaleni, "UAlice" wadibana neBang, kodwa emva kwethutyana waqalisa ukufika kubaphulaphuli.
Iikhathuni malunga ne-win winnie pohminator ye-Poomist yadalwanga ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu
Isakhelo esivela kwi-Adventure "ye-Adventure Winnie Pooo"
Ke i-walt igqibe kwelokuba yenze umlinganiswa omtsha. I-Animator Ab Aresx, umhlobo osondeleyo weDisney, weza nemouse i-thermo. Kuyinyani, kungekudala umlinganiswa watshintsha igama ukuba liphumelele kwaye lisaziwa ngokuba yimpuku ye-mickey. Okokuqala ngqa wabonakala kwikhathuni "yenqwelomoya". Kodwa bambalwa abantu abazi ukuba, ukuba ayingengangomfazi womfundisi, impuku yeMickey ibiya kuhlala inombala. YayinguLilian Disney oqinisekile ukuba umyeni wakhe ukuba igama likaMickey lempuku lifanelekile ngakumbi. Emva kwexesha, u-themorer waba ngumchasi weMickey Maus kumzabalazo wentanda yentanda yakhe - Minie. Ngendlela, i-Walt yayingenguye kuphela umonitor kuphela, umlawuli kunye nomvelisi, wazibonakalisa kwilizwi. Ukususela kwindalo yeMickey ukuya kuthi ga ngo-1947, izwi le-Igusry Imouse ingeyonto yeDisney ngokwayo. Kodwa nge-abs idverk, ixabana liphuma ingxabano. Umlinganiswa omtsha womlinganiswa akunyanzelekanga ukuba enze le nto, kodwa uWalt wanyanzelisa. Kwixa elizayo, ungquzulwano lwabo lwalucaphukisa, kwaye ngo-1930 washiya i-disney kwaye wavula eyakho isitudiyo.
Kodwa asiyi kuba lusizi ... impumelelo ngokuthe ngcembe i-disney. Kungekudala i-Oscar yokuqala ifikile. Ngo-1932, i-cartoon malunga nemouse edumileyo yanikwa ibhaso elibalulekileyo, kwaye yayikukuqalisa kwendlela yenkanyezi. Owona mvuzo uphambili we-American Academy wasiwa kuMlawuli kangangeshumi elinesihlanu lamashumi amabini anesihlanu, kwaye wathabatha inxaxheba kumagama atyunjiweyo uya kumashumi amahlanu anesithoba amaxesha! Ngapha koko, wanikwa amabhaso amathathu abenzelwe yena. Eyokuqala yeyokuyilwa kweMickey Maus, yesibini - yegalelo lomculo kwiifilimu ezinomdla, owesithathu we-cartoon "yekhephu emhlophe kunye nemidanga yosixhenxe". Ingqokelela ye-Animator ikwizihlanu "zeGolbes Globes", amabhaso amabini e-Bafena kunye namabhaso amabini amabhaso omthendeleko we-cannes. Ngokwenani elipheleleyo le-curicries ye-cinetic ye-Walt Disney yenye yezona zinto zinesiphiliso kwimbali yobugcisa behlabathi.
Kwi "ikhephu lilonke" "umphinda-phindeni ophumeza imvume entsha: Wafundisa abalinganiswa ukuba bacule kwaye badanise
Isakhelo esivela kwikhathuni "White White"
Ngendlela, isiganeko esibalulekileyo esibalulekileyo sobomi bukaDisney uqhagamshelwe kwikhephu liphela. Ngo-1937, wagqiba kwelokuba acinge-ukubaluleka kwaye ayile i-cartoon nje, kodwa umfanekiso opheleleyo opheleleyo. Uthathe phantse iyure enesiqingatha. Ukongeza, abalinganiswa abakweli khartoon bacula kuqala kwaye badanisa, nto leyo eyayichukunyiswe kakhulu ngabaphulaphuli. I-Disney yaphinda yafuna ukongeza umlingo kunye nobuntwana. Kodwa umbono wokudala umsebenzi wabasebenzi wekhathuni opheleleyo wawungekho kwasekuqaleni. Ukugcoba i-chef kuya kuthatha ubude obugcwele, bachaza ukuba le mbono yayikukusilela kwaye kwakufihla ngasese. Umbono unokusikwa kakuhle kwingcambu, kuba i-disney igqibile inkxaso-mali. Umda wemali wokuveliswa waphelelwa, kwaye uWalt uthathe isigqibo sokubonisa ababolekisi inguqulelo yefilimu. Emva kokubukela, bavuya kwaye bavuma ukwabelwa imali eyongezelelweyo ukugqiba umsebenzi. Akuzange, kungekho lilize.
Kodwa enye ye-disney yakhe ayinyamezeleki kwaye kwade yazama ukumsusa kangangezihlandlo ezininzi. Yile ndlela ijika ngayo, i-pik guffy! Akucaci into angazange ayikholise uMdali wakhe, kodwa uyaziwa ukuba uyigcinele ingxaki yakhe yezoqoqosho ngexesha lase-US. I-Disney yayingafuni ukuphulukana nabo abantu abaninzi kwaye babanike umsebenzi oqhubekayo, bavumela i-guffy kwaye iyaqhubeka nokuphila kwifilimu.
Amabali ahlekisayo
Kucacile ukuba i-Walt ayizanga nabalinganiswa bayo. Uninzi lwezinto eziboniswayo lwasebenza eStudio, ololoyiza inkqubela kwinkcubeko enkulu ngelo xesha. Umzekelo, i-mermaid i-mermaid encinci yatsalwa ukusuka kwi-Alissa Milano yeminyaka elishumi elinanye, ngelixa i "yendlu yomniniyo endlwini" yadutyulwa koluhlu. Ukongeza kwimbonakalo efanayo kunye ne-bang ye-bang, i-mermaid encinci yamkela ezinye izinto kunye nokuziphatha kwe-heroin mlano. Kwaye ifuthe le-IT lokusasaza iinwele zamanzi lathatyathwa kwiifoto zabasetyhini baseMelika abangabasetyhini baseMelika baseSally Ryde kungenasiseko.
Kwakukho imizekelo evela kwiziKronike zoLwaphulo-mthetho. Umzekelo, i-GAVS I-"GAGS AMANQAKU" AMANQAKU 'AMABHALWA NE-BARROR-Kar-Karpis Gang Gangter Gangter Gangter Gangster Ngubani esele ikwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu, entloko nguMama Barker. Kukho ukuphanga okukhulu kweebhanki, ukubulala kunye nokuthintela kwiakhawunti yabo.
I-heroine ye "Intliziyo ebandayo" - enye ye-studio yokugqibela
Isakhelo esivela kwikhathuni "Intliziyo ebandayo"
Kodwa akusoloko kuzonwabisa kuphela, ngo-1946 wagqiba kwelokuba enze ukukhanya kwaye akhulule imbali "yokuya esikhathini". Ngokoluvo lwayo, ngendlela yekhathuni, izihloko ezinzulu ziya kucaca kakhulu kwisizukulwana esitsha. Kwizifundo zokuqhuba indlela yokuphila esempilweni, i-cartoon ibukele ngaphezulu kwesigidi esinye seSikolo saseMelika. Ukuba ngaphambi komxholo, emva koko ulandelwe nguGynecologist Messon. Wanyanzelisa ukuba ugxininiso kwikhathuni lwenziwa kwindalo kwiinkqubo ezenzekayo. Kukholelwa ukuba le roller yoopopayi yeyokuqala iboniswe kuluntu ngokubanzi nefilimu equkethe igama "lobufazi".
Ngendlela, inkumbulo yenkonzo emkhosini ayizange idlulise i-disneney yento. Ngalo lonke ixesha lomsebenzi wakhe, wanceda iiarhente zemfundo ezininzi, iifilimu zemfundo zase-US, iifilimu ze-propaganda ezibiza abantu baseMelika ukuba bahlawule irhafu, kwaye bakhupha i-Anti-hitler Rollers. I-Disney ithathe inxaxheba ekudubeni i-cosmonautics ye-sundory ye-NASA kwaye, kunye noogxa bakhe, icwangcise ukulungiswa kwemifanekiso echasene noomaKomanisi, exhasa ukugcinwa kweenjongo zaseMelika. Ewe, i-Walt yayiqinisekile ukuba intsholongwane kuluntu kwaye ayizange ikhutshelwe ukubhalwa kwi-dicnations koogxa bakhe eHollywood. Mhlawumbi ngokwenene babakrokrela, kodwa mhlawumbi, basusa abo bakhuphisana nabo.
Ihlala ihleli
Ngaphandle kokuthandwa kwabalinganiswa babo, iDisney ngokwayo ihlala ingumntu ofikayo. Kufanelekile ukuba ukufumanisa ukuba bonke ubomi bakhe bazinike iikhathuni kunye nesitudiyo sakhe. Nditsho nenkosikazi yakhe yexesha elizayo iqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo. Intloko yeWalt yayiyintombazana egama linguLilian Marie Marie. Umthendeleko, uMzalwana oMiselweyo wasebenza njengonobhala eStudio kwaye ngo-1924 yayiphakathi kwabo bamenyiwe kumtshato womzalwana Walt. Apho wadibana ne-anicator edumileyo. I-Walt noLilian badibana malunga nonyaka kwaye batshata ngo-1925 kwicawa encinci e-Idaho. Esibingelelweni, uMtshakazi wakhokelela kumelu wakhe, kuba utata uSilian wayegula ngelo xesha. Abazali baseWaltt abakwazanga ukuza emtshatweni konke. Amaqabane afuna ngokwenene ukuba nabantwana, kodwa uLilian akazange akhulelwe ixesha elide. Emva kweminyaka esibhozo yonyango, iinzame ezininzi zaza zafumana impumelelo, kodwa ukhu ukhu ukhulelwa, ngelishwa, kwaphela ngokuphaphuli. Kodwa owesibini waphumelela: intombi kaDiana Marie yavela kwi-Disney yosapho (ngoku oyena mntu udumileyo webhayoloji, uMgcini weMyuziyam ogama linguyise), emva koko uSharon, ahlala kulo ngo-1936.
Kwifilimu "Gcina uMnu. Banks" i-middmied idlalwa i-Tom Hanks. Lo mfanekiso watyunjwa kwi-oscar kunye neGolden Globe
Isakhelo esivela kwifilimu "Gcina uMnu. Banks"
Ngaphandle komsebenzi omkhulu emsebenzini, lonke ixesha lakhe lesimahla i-Walt lizinikele kusapho. Ngenye imini, ukuhamba neentombi, wacinga ukuba kuya kuba kuhle ukwenza indawo apho abantwana baya kuba nomdla khona. Ke "i-disneyland" yavela, eyaba ngumdlalo wokuzonwabisa. Ngoku iipaki ezivulekileyo azivulekile kuphela eUnited States, kodwa naseFrance, iJapan, eSpain kunye namanye amazwe. Ngendlela, ngokufunyanwa kweDisneyland, abasebenzi bakhe bavunyelwe ukuba baphathe iindevu. "Akukho zinwele zinde, mahala kunye neendevu! Asinakuvumela umntu ukuba athengise imbiza ye-coland yeHippie! " -iphinda-phinda i-walt disneney ngokwakhe. Ukuvalwa komsebenzi kungqongqo kakhulu ukuba kuphela ngo-2000 kwahlolwa okokuqala, ukuvumela abasebenzi bepaki ukuba banxibe i-touded encinci.
Emva kokuvulwa kwe "disneyland" yokuqala, i-ski resort yabuyiselwa ukwakha indawo ye-ski kufutshane nepaki ephakathi "ye-sequoia" eCalifornia. Waze wafumana imvume kwi-Lesnikov kwaye wavuma irhuluneli malunga nokwakhiwa kwendlela entsha. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wamiswa. Kwaye emva kokusweleka kweDisney, abaphathi bakwenu inkampani bagqibe kwelokuba bakwazi ukuphatha iprojekthi enye kuphela, kwaye banyule, ngokwemvelo, esele bezisele umvuzo.
Isiphelo.
I-Walt Disney yafa lomhlaza welishumi elinesihlanu soDisemba 1966. Wayelikhoboka lokutshaya kwanaxa inkonzo yakhe emfutshane emkhosini. I-Billionaire iphindaphindeke ukuyeka, izamile ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, waya koogqirha kunye noochwephesha bengqondo, kodwa ekugqibeleni banikezela. Ngendlela, emva kokusweleka komsunguli, ngenxa yesigqibo esingathandabuzekiyo, isitudiyo siwushiyele ngokupheleleyo umfanekiso wecuba kwiikhathuni zabo.
Kukho inyani enye enomdla: Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba ukufa kwe-disney kusungulwe amagama amabini kwiPhepha leShidi - Kurt Russell. Ngokuba yiRussell ngokwakhe, ihlala iyimfihlakalo. Ngexesha lokufa kwe-Animator edumileyo wayengumntwana, kwaye nangona sele engumlingisi, akafiki. Ithetha ntoni i-Walt Disney?
Ukongeza, emva kokufa kwegorha lethu, amarhe ayehambahamba ngenkuthalo kumaphephandaba, ekutyholweni kwekhathuni wayenomkhenkce. Nangona kunjalo, ayinyani. Ngapha koko, umzimba kaDisney watshiswa, kwaye eyokuqala kwi-Crimogen Frost indoda yenzeka ngenyanga kuphela emva kokuba efile. Nokuba wayenazo ezi ngcinga, wayengenalo ixesha elincinci.
Nangona kunjalo, ubugcisa obungaphikisileyo obufumaneka ngabo, kwaye i-Walt Disnene ngokwayo iya kuhlala ikwimbali, kuba umbulelo kuphela obulelayo uyiguqule ngokupheleleyo indlela ikhangeleka ngayo ikhathuni yanamhlanje.