Ubwonko bwa artificiel yagaragaye nyuma y'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, kuko icyo gihe ntibyashobokaga kwigurira inyamaswa ubwoya. Abantu bakoranye ubuzima no gusana imigi yabo. Mbere yimyambarire yicyo gihe ntabwo yari afite ikibazo cyambara. Amakoti yubukorikori yari yambaraga na sitidiyo no hasi shawls kumutwe. Ubworoherane bwicyo gihe bwakoze imikorere yikintu gishyushye hamwe nubwiza bwabashushanya sovieti byatekerezaga nyuma, bityo icyitegererezo cyari kinini kandi kidafite ibisobanuro bitari ngombwa. Nibwo ijambo "Cheburashka" ryagiye rikoreshwa, ni ukuvuga ikintu gisa nigikinisho cyoroshye.
Muri usssr, mu myaka ya za 1960, hatangiye, kandi uburyo bwododaga amatwi y'ubwoya, agerageza kubahindura byinshi mu binyamakuru. Muburyo hariho ingwe ingwe hamwe ningofero nini. Ubucuruzi bwumunda bwari buhari. Nshuti nyamara yubwoya bushobora kwigukira gusa abakire cyane. Bari bafite isoni zo kwambara, kuko byari bireba ibitekerezo kandi bitera ibiganiro byinshi: byarashushanyijeho, "nta mafaranga asenyutse" n'ibindi.
Ubwoya bwa artificiel busa nkibisanzwe
Ifoto Yububiko Ibara Serivisi
Inzira kubwoya bwaho bwashoboraga gukomeza gutera imbere, ariko muri 70 kwisi kwisi kuburyo inyamaswa zo muri uburima zatangiye kugaragara, indangagaciro zinyamaswa zingenzi zakuze. Kugirango wice kandi utanga ubwoya. Atangira guterana hejuru y'amakoti. Buri wese kwiyanga utuye muri Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti yari afite ikote rya doodle na mink muri guverinoma. Kubatishoboye badoda moderi ikozwe nubwoya bwimbwa cyangwa ondatra. Iyi ubwiza bwose bw'Abasoviyeti bwaherekejwe ningofero nini yuje urukundo na sitidiyo. Abagore basebye amakoti yabo yubwoya kandi bakoporora amashusho yinyenyeri yisi, hamwe nabadamu ba mbere ba leta.
Ibindi byinshi. Muri 80, amakoti yubwoya yashyizwe hasi. Bahenze, kuko umusaruro wabo wari nkenewe kurimbura inyamaswa nyinshi. Kuri podium ikoresheje moderi ifite ubwoya bunini. Niki abadashoboye kugura imyenda myiza yuwashushanyijeho. Ubwabo. Baguze ubwoya buhimbano, ibinyamakuru bisohotse hamwe n'amazu munsi yijoro ryijoro. Birumvikana ko ibi ntabwo buri gihe byagenze ubushakashatsi, ariko nibwo kugerageza gukora ecosube yagaragaye.
Mu ntangiriro ya za 90, isi yavuze ku bidukikije n'agakiza k'inyamaswa. Igipimo cyumusaruro winyana winyamaswa wageze ku bunini ubwo bwoko bwose bw'amatungo y'ubwoya bwangiriye nabi. Greenpeace yari azwi cyane, abarwanashyaka bagiye mu byumweru byabereye i Paris, London na New York kandi bavoma ba nyir'ibiti bibabaje kandi jam. Mu mpera za Xx, ikiremwamuntu cyamenye ko nibakomeza ku muvuduko umwe, ntihazabaho inyamaswa zitanga ku isi.
Amakoti nkiyi arashyushye kandi afite imyambarire
Ifoto Yububiko Ibara Serivisi
Icyamamare kimwe cyangwa ikindi kintu gitangira kuri podium no mumazu azwi. Imwe mu ibanza muri 2006 yari Vivienne Westwood, yanze ubwoya bwinyamaswa rwose. Kuva mu ntangiriro ya 2010, iyi nzira yafashwe na Ralph Lauren, Armani, Calvin Klein, Tommy Hilfiger, kandi abashushanya benshi babaye abanyamuryango b'ubwoya buzwi ku buntu, intego yo guhagarika kurenganya ( Nibyo, ni "ubugome butagira ubwenge) bijyanye n'inyamaswa zo ku isi.
Igihe Gucci yinjiye mu 2017, isi yamenye ko nta mihanda isubiye inyuma, kuko ikirango, kimaze imyaka myinshi adoda ubwoya bw'ubwoya ku isi, yavuze ko ibyo byose byakoresha ubu. Mu Burusiya, umwe nyuma yindi bashushanya batangiye gufata imyambarire ngo ugerageze kudoda moderi ibikoresho bya artile. Ariko ikibazo nuko ubwogihe ubwoya bwa Biyelorusiya bwari butandukanye cyane, kurugero, igifaransa. Kandi moderi ya mbere ntabwo buri gihe yari nziza kandi ikomeye. Byongeye kandi byagaragaye ko iyi ari ikoti ryubwoya buva muri ubwoya bwa artificial.
Ndetse na sobchak yimukiye kuri ubwoya bwa artificiel
Instagram.com.
Mu mitwe y'Abagore b'Abarusiya, stereotype yari yicaye umwaka wose ikote rink ihenze kandi rikize. Impamvu yabyo yari igihe kinini mugihe bidashoboka kubona imyenda myiza kandi myiza. Umwenda ukimara gufungura, amakoti yubwoya yasutswe mu gihugu uburyohe bwose. Mugihe isi yose yahinduye neza ibikoresho byubukorikori, twari dufite ubwoya munzira.
Ariko kuva mu 2011, ikoranabuhanga ryagaragaye ku isi ryazanye ubwoya bw'ubukorikori ku rwego rushya. Isosiyete y'Ubufaransa tissavel ku musaruro wa donglim umuyobozi wacyo. Ubwoya bwa artificiel butubanza kandi bworoshye, byoroshye gutwara itandukaniro mubushyuhe nubushuhe. Mu ikoti ryumutungo wa artificiel, ntabwo ari ugutera ubwoba kugirango ugere munsi yimvura. Ubwoya burashobora no gukaraba. Kandi ibi byose mubiciro bya quetique cyane.
Uyu munsi, abashushanya bagerageza cyane. Muburyo bwongeye gukora, oversiz amakoti yubwoya, atwikira nyir'ubwite kumutwe. Uratekereza gusa amatungo ageze kumusaruro umwe wibicuruzwa?
Ibikoresho byAbikoresho bigufasha kugerageza ibara, imiterere n'imiterere. Abashushanya bazamuka ubwoya mumifuka ya pulasitike, appliques iranyeganyega, shushanya frescoes kandi zidoda amabuye y'agaciro. Ecobuja yahise aba palette yo kwigaragaza. Noneho ubu imbaraga zidashaka kugura ikote ryubwoya "munsi ya mink cyangwa lobe". Bashishikajwe no gutwara ibicuruzwa bisa nkubukorikori. Rero, umugore ashobora kwerekana umwanya we, gutangaza ko arwanya iyicwa ryinyamaswa kubwubwiza nyabwo.
Nibyiza, kubyerekeye ubwiza. Birumvikana ko ibisekuruza bya nyuma Ecoše byatangajwe n'ubuntu bwabo n '"ubutunzi." Igifaransa Tissavel kigufasha gukora icyitegererezo gikwiye itapi itukura. Abagore muri bo bumva umwamikazi. Hanyuma, Emench yaretse kwiteranya na Cheburashi.
Gukunda Ikote ryamabara na Valery
Instagram.com.
By the way, murwego rwurubyiruko rwimyaka yashize, icyerekezo kuri "Cheburashek" kirimo kubona imbaraga. Mu ikoti ikoti ibicucu bidashoboka, bisa na teddy idubu.
Nibyiza, ingingo ya nyuma yabafana b'ubwoya busanzwe - kurwanya ubukonje, yashenywe nubuhanga bugezweho. Uyu munsi, ibidukikije - bisa birashobora kwanga hafi yumwaka, kuko bakoresha ibijyanye na plastike yibicuruzwa. Mu gihe cy'itumba, birashyushye kandi birashimishije, no muri OFSESOS, birahagije kurambika no kwambara ikote ryubwoya nkikoti ryubwoya.
Ni iki gitegereje kwibeshya mu gihe kizaza?
Rwose, iyi nzira izatera imbere. Uyu munsi, benshi kandi benshi bavuga kubyerekeye gutunganya no gutakaza imyanda yo mu nkambi. Kuva kubikoresho byo gutondekanya bikora ibikoresho bya Stylish: sinks, inkweto, imifuka, mittens na caps. Eacodch irashobora gutunganywa mubikoresho, bikaba bikoreshwa mugushingira imiterere yo kubaka.
Kandi, cyane cyane, imyitwarire muri iki gihe ntabwo ari ugutanga imyambarire, ahubwo ni imibereho. Kurinda ibidukikije kurinda umugore ugezweho ni imyifatire isanzwe kubidukikije. Mu myaka 10 iri imbere, ibibi bizahinduka ibikoresho bya buri munsi bishobora guhaza ibyifuzo byose: uhereye kumiterere yubwoya bwo kurakara no guhuza bidasanzwe.
Umukinnyi watangijwe kandi birashoboka ko amakoti yubwoya ava mubwoya bwinyamaswa vuba dushobora kubona ku ishusho gusa. Nibura, abashushanya benshi bari kuriyi bagatangaza. Nibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije nibikoresho biteka bizahinduka intambwe nshya mumateka yimyambarire.