Gucira ibicumuro bya kera, chess y'Uburusiya yakomye imyaka igera ku gihumbi. Imitima ya kera cyane yuyu mukino yakozwe nabakurambere bacu kandi imenya mugihe ubucukuzi bwakundanye xi-xiii ikinyejana. muri. Ariko, uburambe bwa Moscow "ni buto:" Umusaza "PYI-FORI-FERI, gucukura ku buryo bw'umuco mu mujyi, impuguke zerekeza ku kinyejana cya XIV-XV.
Icara mu myidagaduro ku kibaho, abahagarariye abagome batandukanye - kandi abanyacyubahiro, n'abasambanyi, n'abanyabukorikori, ndetse no mu madini ndetse no mu migani n'intwari z'Uburusiya, kuvugwa y'umukino wa chess uraboneka kenshi. Abami "bakunda" nabo bari bamenyereye. Kuva aho hantu hateganijwe ko Ivan Grozny yari azwiho umukinnyi wa chess ya chess. Kandi umuryango w'ikirenga njye na gato waguzwe n'umukino kugira ngo no mu rugendo rwa gisirikare, yari afite umusaruro wihariye hamwe noroshye (kugirango utagondaho kandi ntakubita umuhanda) abahende) abahende) abahende) abahende.
Nubwo ubutabera bugomba kwibonera: Hari igihe twifuzaga Chess kugirango ishyireho amategeko. Mu gihe cyo hagati, uyu mukino wakoreweho inzitizi mu rusengero, abapadiri ndetse bamwamije ku mugaragaro - hamwe n'umukino mu magufwa - "novation y'abadayimoni" bagerageza kubuza. Aba nyuma bagerageje gutya mu kinyejana cya XVII., Ariko amaherezo, chess "lime" yari yarananiwe. N'abashyitsi b'abanyamahanga basuye igihugu cyacu bari kumwe mu mpano ya chess y'abaturage baho. "Abarusiya bazumva Uburusiya muri Chess," Chess ni rusange mu Burusiya, ko igihe twaguma i Moscou ntabwo nagombaga kuba muri sosiyete, Aho abashyitsi batari bahuze kuriyi myidagaduro. Ndetse no kunyura mu mihanda, narebye abacuruzi n'abaturage basanzwe inyuma y'uyu mukino imbere y'inzugi z'amaduka yabo n'amazu yabo. "
Kuva mu gice cya mbere cy'igitabo mbere yuko iheruka, ibitabo byatangiye gucapa mu kirusiya, ariko, muri icyo gihe, uyu mukino ugira ubuhanga mu buryo bw'igitabo, "Ubwenge" mu by'ubwenge, "". Umukozi wateye imbere, ibidukikije byimuwe na "Gushimisha ikarita".
Ahanini muri chess yacuraniraga ubu mumazu yigenga, aho abakundana bateraniye kuri ibi. Hagati mu kinyejana cya 19, Moscou na Restaurants zimwe na St. Petersburg, ba nyirayo bashizwemo abashyitsi bashushanyijeho ameza ya chess hagati ya XIX. Mu bihe nk'ibi, bari Ntabwo ari ukubangamira uru rubanza rwo gukina ibirori - abandi bahagarariye uruziga rw'ubuhanzi, ubuvanganzo). Gusa muri 1877 habaye ahantu hadasanzwe, gusa cyane, bayobowe numwarimu ukiri muto. Solovtsov, yateguye uruziga rwa moscow, rwakiriye izina rya Chess, rikaba ryarakiriye izina ryumukino Icyumba gitandukanye kuri we mu nzu 7/2 ku gace k'ikinamico (iruhande rw'isohoka riva muri metero) ryahaye ikipe y'ubuhanzi yakodesheje ibibanza. Nyuma, kuva 1890 kugeza 1902, uruziga rwa chess rwagendaga "munsi yinama ya Moscou" mu nama ya Baron kuri Dmitrovka (iyi ni inzu y'imirire ibiri mu gikari cy'inzu nimero ya 32).
Agace k'ikinana, Inzu 7/2. Hano bimaze gufungura moscou uruziga rwa moscou.
Umuyobozi uzwi cyane w'Uburusiya Mikhail Chigorin, washyigikiye cyane iterambere ry'imikino mine, washyigikiye iterambere ry'imikino mishya ya siporo, yahise itangira kwerekana ibikorwa bitunguranye muruziga. Birashimira abarwanashyaka ba chess ya moscow mug ko amarushanwa abiri ya mbere-Abarusiya nyuma yateguwe. Kandi mu marushanwa "" yaho, ejo hazaza h'isi y'Abarusiya Alexander Alekhin yagaragaye kumugaragaro. Kubwa poropagande yagutse yumukino we ukunda "CURAKOVTSY" yashoboye kugera ku bitabo bisanzwe kuriyi ngingo (mu 1882, i Moscou, ndetse no mu kinyamakuru cya chescou ", kugeza ku 1910, - ikinyamakuru" Ati: "Kandi kuva 1913 kugeza 1916 -" Chess Gatote ", wagize uruhare mu muvandimwe wa nyampinga w'isi Alexey Alekhin).
Inyuma ya chess Imbonerahamwe A. Alekhin na H. Kapablanca.
Chesss ya Moscou yagiye buhoro buhoro kujya mu kibuga mpuzamahanga. Urugero, mu 1866, wafatwagaga icyo gihe umukinnyi ukomeye mu mujyi wa A. Drozdov yarwanye cyane mu birori byinshi na Master Feling F. Girsshleld uzwi mu Burayi. No muri 1896-97. ZlataGnaya yatorewe ahahimbaza-kwihorera ahahoze shampiyona y'isi hagati y'Umwana w'icyamamare V. Steinitsa na E. Lasker (imirwano yabo yabereye mu Nzu nini yavuzwe).
Uruziga rwa Chescow ntirwarokoka imyaka iteye ubwoba y'intambara ya mbere y'isi yose - Ibikorwa byayo byahagaze mu 1916. Ariko nyuma ya revolution, ubuzima bwa chess bwumurwa mukuru yongeye kubyuka. Nubwo arimbuka, inzara, imiterere mira ya "Ubukorikori bwa Gisirikare", mu Ihuriro ryo mu 1919-20. Habayeho no mu marushanwa y'abakinnyi bahembe ba Chess bakomeye bo mu mujyi, batangiye gufatwa nk'itumanaho rya mbere rya Moscou.
Kandi bidatinze habaye ikintu kidasanzwe: Ishyirahamwe "Umuryango" (Yagize uruhare muri Repubulika ya Sovieti ya Gitoya ya Gisirikare) yarimo chess muri gahunda y'ibitekerezo byateganijwe mbere y'urubyiruko! Bitewe n'ubushake bwa "Hejuru", Chess Mugs yatangiye gutegura ahantu hose, mu murwa mukuru wa Chess, maze igice cya Chess cyagaragaye mu kinyamakuru "ku gisirikare gishya" ... ingaruka z'ibi Paradox yari yoroshye: "Umutungo w'ubuyobozi wakoreshejwe n'Umukomiseri wo mu gihe Komisiyo ya Komisiyo A. ALIN-Geneva, uwo ubwe yari umukunzi munini w'umukino wa chess. Mu Kwakira 1920, abajenerali bateguwe muri club club ya moscow (yafashe ibibanza mu nzu nimero 7/5 muri Chess nini yo mu Burusiya Olympiad ifitwe na Leta, ntabwo ari umuryango rusange. Dukurikije ibyavuye mu marushanwa, Sogokuru A. Alekhin yabaye nyampinga wa mbere w'igihugu.
Chess yakomeje kwishimira inkunga kuri leta nyinshi na nyuma. Mu ntangiriro z'itumba ryo mu 1925, mu cyumba cyiza cya Hotel (icyo gihe cyari gitandukanye: Inzu ya 2 ya Soviets) yafashe amarushanwa ya chess ya mbere ya Moscow. Muri rusange ni kimwe mu bintu byambere byambere bishingiye kubigize uruhare mu bashyitsi b'abanyamahanga, byabereye muri Bolshevik mu Burusiya. Amafaranga yo gutegura amarushanwa na guverinoma y'Abasoviyeti yahawe umuhanga mu by'amahanga. Kandi byinshi: Nyuma ya byose, inyenyeri nyinshi zubunini bwa mbere zageze muri Moscoud Red Moscou: Uwahoze ari nyampinga E. Lasker, imikino y'amahanga yari izwi cyane: abafana babarirwa mu magana bakoze Ntabwo ushoboye kugura umwanya muri salle, wuzuye ku bwinjiriro, bubi mu gufata amakuru yerekeye aya masomo ataha yatanzwe mu ishyaka ritaha.
Umukinnyi wa Chessiet wo muri Soviet E. Bogolyubov yatsinze amarushanwa muri iyi "Ubucuruzi", kandi, niyo, nubwo imbaraga zidasanzwe zabaye mu buryo bugaragara "umuriro w'ikimaswa" muri rusange kandi muto Imijyi, mu miryango y'abakozi, abanyeshuri, abanyeshuri bo mu ishuri igiti cyasunitswe muri chess n'ibice. "Umukino w'abanyabwenge wa kera" imyaka myinshi wabaye imwe mu bantu bakunzwe cyane mu gihugu.