Nigute tutatakaza igare ryirangi
"TIE" ni tile ya kera twabuze. Ijambo ryatumijwe mu mahanga ntabwo ryinjiye mubuzima bwacu gusa, ryahagaritse ibyo dushobora kwishimira ibyiza. N'ubundi kandi, mu binyejana byinshi, mu Burusiya hari ijambo ritandukanye. "TIE": Isahani y'ibumba ryatwitse ritwikiriye ishusho yo gutabara cyangwa glaze y'amabara. Ariko, abakurambere bacu bakoze ibihangano nyabyo bakoresheje amabati. Ntabwo mubihugu byinshi ushobora kubona kubaka, gukomera cyane, kandi rimwe na rimwe bishushanyijeho neza ururimi.
Ibyatsi Moorova kuri "Ikimonyo"
Umusaruro w'ibintu ceramic yo gukwirakwiza inyubako zinyubako n'amatorero, amashyiga (hanyuma hafatwaga amashyiga) yafatwaga nk'imwe mu bukorikori bubi bw'ubuhanzi bw'Abarusiya. Yatsinze ibyiciro bitatu. Ubwa mbere, umubumbyi wahujwe kugirango ukore amabati atukura - amasahani ya ceramic hamwe nibishushanyo mbonera. Bakozwe hakoreshejwe imitekerereze yakozwe mu biti, bikaba byarashize hamwe n'ibumba ry'ibumba. (Ubusabane nk'ubwo mu gihe cyo hagati byabaye umusimbura woroheje kubwubatsi bworoshye umusimbura wurudomo.) Nyuma, ubwoko butandukanye ". Igice cya "ikirahure" kidasanzwe "cyashyizwe ahagaragara hejuru yacyo, cyahaye icyatsi kibisi nyuma yo kurasa, tubikesha aya mabati kandi tukabona izina ryabo (ibuka imvugo ya Epic-Mura-murava"). Ariko "Epoki y'Icyatsi kibisi" yahindutse bugufi.
Isanzwe mu ntangiriro ya Xvii. Masters y'Uburusiya yamenye umusaruro w'imizabibu (yiswe neza) amabati. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ryakwirakwiriye Dushimira Abbot ya MERSOSTKY MWA Valdayi Nikou. Yatumiye gushushanya inyubako z'abadage ba Biyelorusiya bahungiye mu gihingwa bahunze rus bava muri Litunani. Abavandimwe ba Slave bari bazi guteka "kuvomera", nyuma yo kurasa bitanga erememele yera, indabyo zubururu, umuhondo nicyatsi kibisi, muri ubu bushobozi bwo kurera abanyeshuri b'Abarusiya.
Kuva mu birenge byacu, shobuja Stepan "ku izina rya Hases" akwiye kuba icyamamare kidasanzwe. Byemezwa ko ari we wabaye Umuremyi Ubwoko Bwuzuye bwa tile yemewe, yakiriye izina ryihariye: "Pavlinje Oko" (ishusho y'inshi kuri iyi masahani yaguye, "yashushanyije" umurizo w'impinduramake).
Ikigo cy'abihaye Imana - Umukiriya w'ubwiza
I Moscou, ku nshuro ya mbere, abashwanyari b'ibihanga mubyiciro byo kuhira byanditseho urusengero rw'Ubutatu muri Nisnics, kandi kuva mu myaka 1670, umusaruro w'imisatsi wamenyeshejwe ku ya 1670 mu gituba cy'umujyi . Igitabo cyitwa Inzitizi mu bubiko bw'Umurwa mukuru wabitswe cyane - Cathedrale ya Pokrovsky muri Izmailov, Itorero rya Grigomailov, Itorero rya Grigokelov, Itorero rya Grigorka Byihariye cyane, kutagira ibigereranyo nibyo bita knitty teremok.
Ikinyejana cya XVII. Ku nkombe z'umugezi wa Moscou, hafi y'abihaye Imana ya Novospassky, urugo rw'amatorero n'ibyumba by'abari ba Kratytsky barumiwe. Hafi yinyubako zose zikoreshwa hano nkibintu byo gushushanya, guhuza no kuhira, ariko imwe mu nyubako iracyagaragara muri uyu murongo. Ubwubatsi bwabasaza bubatswe hejuru yimbere - amarembo yera ya Teremok, ari hejuru, harimo imitako myinshi - eaves, inkingi zimbuto, - zipfunyitse itapi rikomeye rya tile! Ntakintu natwe, cyangwa mubindi bihugu byu Burayi ntuzahura.
Usibye imijyi ya mbere, imigi myinshi y'u Burusiya irashobora kwitwa inyubako zishimishije, zishushanyijeho amabati: Yaroslavl, Ryazan, Tothanch, Vologda, Imyambarire mira hafi ya Moscou. Umutako wa Prote na Geometrike, amashusho ya seraphimov esheshatu (kurema iyi mitako yose ikungahaye yamaze gukurikizwa hybes imaze guseza). Ubwinshi bw'Ababiswa mu mitako y'urusengero rw'umuzuko, umunara w'inzoga, Skita y'abakurambere NIKON yasabye ko abaremwe b'ibihembo by'imigati yingimbi y'umuryango aho amapine yihariye, yakomeje gukora kandi nyuma yimyaka myinshi, kugira ihabwa icyubahiro mu gihugu cyose.
Chimie-alchemy
Kora ku iremwa rya tile yamabara risaba ubumenyi bwamashya menshi yabigize umwuga. Nubwo duhereye kubitekerezo bya shimi, inzira irasobanutse neza: Ibihimbano bishingiye kuri coabale ya codamel, mugihe ashyushye muri enamel, mugihe gishyushya muri enamel, mugihe gishyushya muri enamel, mugihe gishyushya "kiyoboye" mu kigereki ... ariko, nugence nibyingenzi mugihe cyo gukora . Buri munota winyongera wo kurasa, buri rugero rwinyongera rushobora guhindura cyane igicucu cyamabara aho. Kandi ibikoresho byinkomoko ni ibara ryijimye - intego, abanyabukorikori ba kera babonetse ku nkombe z'inzuzi, hanyuma bakajanjagura-peat insyel - n'amayobera ikomeye. Ni ayahe mabuye hitamo ibimenyetso?
Ubwoko bwibanze bwamabuye y'agaciro ni ngombwa cyane - ibumba rimwe, aho kaseti kabumbabumbwa. Kurugero, imiti yacyo muri leta zo muri Aziya yo hagati iratandukanye cyane nuko "Glinka", wakoreshwaga na ba shebuja ukomoka mu Burayi bw'Uburayi bw'Uburusiya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, byaragaragaye: Niba udafashe amayeri yinyongera, kuri "Aziya" play yibumba, nibyiza gukomeza kuvomera, gutanga ibara ry'ubururu n'ubururu ryaho, hamwe n'ibumba ryacu ryateganijwe cyane .
Uburusiya, karuvati
Mu Burusiya, mu binyejana byinshi, habayeho imyambarire yo gukoresha amasahani meza ya Ceramic yo kurangiza itanura.
Urebye amabati yashyizwe ahagaragara mu kinyejana cya XVII, urashobora kubona imiterere itandukanye - amashusho y'intambara y'intambara, akavumbuzi, Tsar ya Fabulous ... wa mbere, Peter yabanje gutuza, yasanze gushakisha "ubucuruzi bwagaciro ". Usanzwe bamaze kuba gakondo mu Burusiya, Abamireliki, bityo rero abategetsi bashishikariwe, bityo abagenga bategetswe na we, hakurikijwe ubungubu, hari amapine ya Chimne ". Gushushanya inkuru, bikozwe muburyo bukomeye bwamabara. Gushiraho irekurwa ry'ibicuruzwa nk'ibi, Umwami yategetse guhuza uru rubanza rwa Sudede ebyiri zafashwe mu gihe cyo kwiyamamaza. Ariko, byagaragaye ko bikaba bito muri aba Scandinaviya. Tugomba kohereza benshi mu banyana bacu bashoboye kugirango bige kujya mu Buholandi.
Amabati yashushanyije indorerwamo y'itanura ryinshi mu mazu yo mu Burusiya ya XVII - Icyambere cya XIX. Birashoboka ko atari byiza cyane, ariko birashobora "gusomwa". Ibyapa bya ceramic na gramic bikubiye cyane bitwikiriye igishushanyo cyera, hamwe nishusho y "ibyatsi byubwoko butandukanye ndetse nabantu bose, inyamaswa ninyoni" birerekanwa mubururu. Ikitari hano gusa! Inyuguti nziza: Unicorn, Inyoni Sirin, Ifarashi Ifarashi Pegasus; Inyamaswa, mubyukuri hariho: Crane, idubu, inzovu idasanzwe n'intare; Byongeye kandi, urashobora kuzuza amashusho ahanditse: Amato yo ku nyanja, inyubako, imisozi ...
Ibikorwa byakozwe kuri "kanda" na "kamere muntu". Ku mari ya portrait, abahanzi basohoye bitonze abantu, imibare, ibisobanuro birambuye kumyenda n'intwaro. Ibyapa byinshi birimo ishusho yibintu bitandukanye byubuzima, rimwe na rimwe hamwe nibitekerezo bisekeje, bikabije. Hano, nk'urugero, umukono ushingiye ku gishushanyo cyumuntu ufite inkoni yo kuroba: "Vaska, Tashchi Soma! "Ntabwo rero antera ubwoba!". Habayeho icyifuzo gikomeye kubice byamashusho byashushanyije byeguriwe abantu bo mumahanga. Kuri buri "etnografiya" ibumba ry'ibumba, umutware wanditse, "Cavalier Gispansky", "Cavalier Gispansky", "