Nk'uko byatangajwe n'ikigo cya federal cyo gukumira no kurwanya SIDA, Uburusiya buri mu bihugu icumi bya mbere mu mubare w'abantu banduye: uyu munsi umubare w'imanza zanduye zanduye mu Burusiya, harimo abana ibihumbi 6 buri myaka 15 bari munsi yimyaka 15 . Muri 2011, 62,34 banduye virusi itera SIDA bamenyekanye muri Federasiyo y'Uburusiya - ku ya 10.6% kuruta muri 2010. Imanza zimyaka icumi zanduye, abantu ibihumbi 56 bamaze kwiyandikisha, kandi imanza nshya zihumbi 70 za 2012 zahanuwe. Iyo azigama ibiciro, umubare w'abantu banduye virusi itera SIDA uzagera kuri miliyoni 1. Umaze muri 2015. Muri rusange, imibare yerekana ko ikibazo rusange cyanduye virusi itera SIDA mu federasiyo y'Uburusiya biha cyane kandi bikunda gushyira mu bikorwa icyorezo. Nigute wakwirinda ibiro bya BD - Bekton, Dicton, Dickinson na Sosiyete Aleksei Vladimirovich Bobrik.
Umuyobozi w'ibiro bihagarariye Bd - Bekton, Dickinson na Sosiyete Aleksei Vladimirovich Bobrik.
- mbwira Alexey Vladimirovich, mbwira uko ibintu bimeze bite muri iyi gihugu?
- Kubwamahirwe, ibintu byo mu gihugu byangiritse kubera ko kwihutisha kwandura gutura mu buke budahwitse. Niba kare, umuryango wizeye ko ijanisha rikomeye ryanduye mu bantu n'abaryamana bahuje ibiyobyabwenge n'imikino ibiyobyabwenge ari abasore bakomoka ku bagore kuva mu myaka 30-35, kubera ko buri gihe umuntu wo gushyingirwa yanduye virusi itera SIDA. Akenshi bibaho mugihe abagore bashyingiwe, ariko baramwihisha ko umuntu arwaye, kandi igihe nikigera gitwikiriye gupima, virusi itera SIDA. Ubukurikira, amenye ko ari uwahoze ari umusinzi wibiyobyabwenge kandi yibasirwa na virusi hashize imyaka myinshi, ariko icyifuzo cyo gutuma umuryango n'umwana ntibyari bifite bike. Yatanye, arongora undi mugabo amuha virusi. Niba icyorezo cyagaragaye mbere, noneho icyorezo cyagiye kuri styling. Uyu munsi, ibice bitandukanye rwose byabaturage birashobora kwibasirwa na virusi. Kandi hari amakuru yo gusuzuma uko mu myaka mike yerekeye abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni bazandura mu Burusiya.
- Ni iki gukora mu bihe nk'ibi?
- Muri iki gihe, gahunda zose zo kurwanya SIDA zihagarikwa mu Burusiya. Imiryango myinshi ya leta rusange yambuwe inkunga. Buto bwo kuvura umurwayi, ugomba gutanga isuzuma ryiza, kandi ibikoresho byazanwe mugihugu cyacu kuva kera byagaragaye. Sisitemu yo gutanga amasoko uyumunsi yubatswe ku kuba imiti ihendutse n'ibiyobyabwenge biguzwe, akenshi bidafite akamaro. Igihugu cyacu gikeneye ingamba z'igihugu, kandi sibyo.
Icy'ingenzi nugutegura gukumira ibihanishwa mumahugurwa rusange. Umuntu wese azi ko gukoresha agakingirizo birinzwe kwandura! Ariko reba ibiciro kuri bo. Biragaragara ko bahangayikishijwe, nuko abasore bato bazagura icupa ryinzoga kuruta agakingirizo. Ibitekerezo bimwe nibyo - birinzwe nabi. Mubyukuri, urukingo rurwanya SIDA nabo rurinda nabi. Ikora gusa mugukoresha gusa.
- Usibye agakingirizo, ni iki gishobora kurinda sida? N'ubundi kandi, barashobora kwandura mu bitaro, imanza nk'izo ntizimenyekana.
- Kugenda no gutera imbere kwisi ntibihagaze. Habayeho kwisiga impinduramatwara yahinduye rwose gukumira, kwivuza no kuba abantu nkabo. Mu bihugu byateye imbere, ibintu byinshi byerekana ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byagaragaye, bituma aribuza akaga ko kwandura. Iterambere hamwe nikoranabuhanga rishya rifitanye isano. Kimwe muricyo ni umusaruro no kugura kwiyegurira Imana, imiyoboro yo gukinga. Utekereza kuri iyi shusho, mu mwaka ushize mu Burusiya, abashinzwe ubuvuzi bagera ku gihumbi bagera ku gihumbi bahawe inshinge nyuma yo gutera inshinge n'ibindi byihutirwa byo kwandura virusi itera sida virusi itera sida. Birashoboka kwandura imfashanyo mu bitaro, ariko nimufata ibyo bikoresho by'ubuvuzi byibura intwaro, birashobora kuba ishingiro ry'umutekano.
- Syringe nk'iki?
- Iyi ni syringe isanzwe imwe, ifite piston nyuma yo gutera inshinge nyuma yo gutera inshinge. Ku nshuro ya kabiri ntibishoboka gukora inshinge. Urebye ko benshi mu banywa ibiyobyabwenge bakomereje muri syringe imwe, igikoresho cyo gutatanya ntizareka gukoreshwa. Kwigira syringes ni ingendo kwisi yose. Abaganga benshi banduye kandi banduye sida bafite inzira. Kandi mu 2001, Perezida Beil Clinton yashyize umukono ku itegeko kugira ngo abakozi b'ubuvuzi bakoreshe ibikoresho byo kwiyangiza gusa. Sirigero yikirahure yari isanzwe hagati ya 80, none ntuzabasanga. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, icyerekezo cyisi kiva mubisanzwe kugirango umutekano kandi nyuma yimyaka 10 kugirango ubone syringe isanzwe izagorana. Ku giciro, ni kimwe. Imanza zindwara zidakwiye z'abaganga b'ishingwe, zanduye sida zivuga, zifite umutekano kandi zikoresha neza ibikoresho byo kwikorera, kwifungira. Ikibazo cyo kwanduza nosomial of virusi nibyingenzi cyane.
- Ninde ukwiye gutanga itegeko ryo kugura ibi bikoresho?
- Igihe kimwe, urugamba na prophylaxis na SIDA biyobowe na komisiyo ya Leta iyobowe na Minisitiri Holikova, ariko abaguzi bamaze gukorwa, Komisiyo yashonze. Kuri ubu, ntibisobanutse ayobora mu gihugu intambara yo kurwanya virusi itera SIDA. Ku mugaragaro, nta muntu wanditse. Muri Amerika, aho twanduye virusi itera SIDA munsi, ni ugukoresha gahunda ku giti cye Obama. Kuri enterineti hari amakuru. Mu gihugu cyacu, abantu bagera kuri 200 banduye buri munsi, ariko nta ngamba zisobanutse nurugamba. Birakenewe byihutirwa gufata ingamba zo kongera guha ibikoresho sisitemu yubuzima no muri iki cyerekezo Hariho inzira nini. Nta kizaza nta gushidikanya ko ari tekinoroji igezweho gusa. Byongeye kandi, turashobora kandi dukwiye kwemeza umutekano w'abakozi bahari n'abakozi bashinzwe ubuzima, kumenyekanisha imigenzo isanzwe yo gukoresha ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi bifite uburinzi bw'ubwubatsi.
- Ni ibihe bice dufite muri "fronish" ku mibare ya virusi itera SIDA? Kandi akurikiza amategeko ahana igihano mpaganwa kugirango akwirakwizwe?
- Ubwa mbere ni akarere ka Irkutsk. Ibintu bibabaje i St. Petersburg, umubare munini wanduye virusi itera sida mu karere ka Samara. Muri Moscou, aya makuru avuguruzanya, kuva abashyitsi benshi no kumenya ko bidashoboka, ariko ibintu nabyo ntibyigeze. Kubwamahirwe, abarwayi benshi baza mugihe cyatinze cyo gusuzuma, zikongera ibintu. Amavuriro yigenga, akora ubushakashatsi kandi ahishura infection mu murwayi, ntubimenyeshe, bityo imibare Oscillate. Kugeza gukwirakwizwa kwandura hari igihano cy'ubugizi bwa nabi, kandi ubu ibibazo birenga ijana bisuzumwa. Ariko urusobe nuko umugore wanduye umugabo we biragoye cyane kumutanga ibisobanuro kuri we.
- Niba ubuyobozi bwize ko umwe mu bakozi ba virusi itera SIDA yanduye, bifite uburenganzira bwo kumwirukana?
- nta mbogamizi kubarwayi nkabo ntibyemewe. Ariko kubwibyo itsinda ntishaka, kugirango umuntu urwaye amukorera iruhande rwe. Kubwibyo, umuyobozi wubwenge azakora ibishoboka byose kugirango akureho umukozi wanduye. Azavumburwa gukebwa, kuko adahari, kubikorwa bibi. Ariko niba umunyamategeko agaragaje mu rukiko ko ikarita ye adafite ihohoterwa, yashoboraga gutsinda urwo rukiko no kubona indishyi. Mu Burayi, hari ibibazo nk'ibi, ibigo bimwe byabaye ngombwa ko bishyura miliyoni. Hariho kandi ibibazo iyo umwana wanduye virusi itera sida yakuwe ku ishuri. Mu ivangura, ababyeyi barashobora gukoreshwa mwishuri. Ariko ibintu bigoye mubihe ni uko ababyeyi bafite abana bazima barwanya mu buryo bwitondewe kumwana wabo kwiga abarwayi.
- Tanga ibyifuzo, Inama Nyiricyubahiro?
- Sinshaka ku myitwarire kuriyi ngingo, ariko bigaragara ko ibintu mboneza bigifite akamaro muri societe. Indwara zanduye virusi itera SIDA zigengwa n'ibice byose by'abaturage, biboneka mu bantu bikize. Abarimu banduye, abakozi bo mu biro, virusi isanzwe mubidukikije. Nta nama zihariye zo kwirinda kwandura, ariko niba ukoresheje ibikoresho byo kurinda byemewe kwisi yose, kandi akaga ko kwiheba karashobora kwirindwa.