Icya gatanu cyo ku ya 19 Ukuboza 1901, umuhanga mukuru w'inkuru yagaragaye ku isi - Walt Disney. Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Mermaid, Urubura rwera, Cinderella - Intwari za studio ye zimaze kuva kera imigani. Ariko ntibigaragara ko ari ibitangaje ko amakarito ashishikajwe numuntu ukuze? Kandi cyane kuburyo yabasezeranije ubuzima bwe bwose? Reka tumenye uburyo umuntu ufite ubugingo bwumwana yabaye umucuruzi watsinze kandi ahindura isi ya animasiyo.
Ubuzima ukurikije gahunda yamaganye urusaku rwa Walt Disney. Umuryango we wari umukene mwiza kandi wakunze kwimuka. Walt yavukiye muri umwe mu mijyi minini ya USA - Chicago, nubwo yahatuye igihe kirekire, afite imyaka itanu. Hanyuma yimukira mu isambu nto i Missouri n'abavandimwe, kandi nyuma yigihe gito bimukira i Kansas. Abaturanyi benshi bari bazi kandi bakunda Walt - yatandukanijwe n'uburakari bwishimye. Umwe muri bo, umunara wa Dr. Shewoghly, ndetse yishyuye umuhungu inganda makumyabiri na bitanu yo gushushanya ifarashi ye ku mpapuro. Nyuma, Disney yizeraga ko ariryo shusho yagenze neza ya Mare ya Dr. Shewood amusunika gutekereza ko aba umuhanzi.
Intwari yacu kuva ubwana bwagaragaje ko ashishikajwe no gushushanya, kandi urwenya rwa mbere rwatangiye kugurisha mu myaka irindwi. Nyuma nashushanyijeho ikinyamakuru cyishuri, nijoro nasuye Academy yubuhanzi bwiza. Hanyuma yatsinze inzira yikinyamakuru cyamagare, aho bigishaga ibitekerezo bidasanzwe, binyuranyije na logique isanzwe hamwe nuburyo busanzwe. Disney yakunze gusubiramo ubwo bwana nigihe cyiza cyiza mubuzima. Nubuzima bwe Scodo, yashakaga ko abantu bumva ibi byumva bitangaje kenshi. Kandi ni ubuhe bumaji bwamajito?
Prototype ya Mermaid uzwi cyane yabaye umukinnyi Alissa Milano
Ikadiri kuva ku gikarito "Mermaid"
Ariko inzira igana animasiyo yari amahwa kandi yatangiye na gato gushushanya. Mu myaka icyenda, Walt yamaze kubona ubuzima bwe. Nabyutse saa tanu mugitondo kugirango hamwe na sasita ya kera yo gutanga ubutumwa, hanyuma arwango yihuta ku ishuri. Amaze kugera ku myaka cumi n'itanu, yahisemo kugenda jelly. Nicyo kintu se yatangiye kwishora, na we yari mu bukene igihe kirekire. Walt yishimiye gufata iki gikorwa, ariko yashakaga gukora ikindi kintu. Kandi ibishushanyo ntabwo byari ibintu byose byoroheje kuri walt. Yahisemo gushikama kuba umuhanzi wabigize umwuga. Umubyeyi wa Disney amaze kumva, yasaze - birashoboka kubona amafaranga kumugati, ashushanya amashusho yose! Ariko walt nta magambo nk'aya adafite ishingiro na gato, yishyize intego akayigeraho! Mu 1920 yarangije amashuri y'ubuhanzi. Nibyo, urukundo rwigihugu cye rwarangaye gato kubwintego nini.
Mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, Disney w'imyaka cumi n'itandatu ni umugambi wo kujya mu gisirikare. Ariko abakorerabushake bakiri bato ntibatsinze impamyabumenyi, nuko atanga intebe yumunyakazi wumusaraba utukura. Disney yarabyemeye, ayitumaho mu Bufaransa. Nibyo, ntibihagije: Muri icyo gihe, isi yamejwe hagati yo kugera ku bashoferi hagati y'ababuranyi barwana, ahita ajya iguruka mu rugo.
Nyuma yo gusubira mubuzima busanzwe bwa Disney bwahise bwishora mu guhanga. Yabanje kujya gukora mu kinyamakuru, ariko ngaho yahise aruha cyane - aho kuba amagambo, ukuboko kwe kwihutisha ikintu cyo gukurura ikintu. Kubwibyo, guhitamo neza kwari akazi numuhanzi kuri studio kinoorelam. Abambuzi bamamaza babaye ibiremwa byambere bya Disney. Ibishushanyo bigufi byagenze neza, kandi walt byahindutse muburyo bushya bwubwoko bwe. Yarayoshye umunsi, agerageza uburyo butandukanye.
Imbeba Mickey Imbeba yateje gutongana na Disney hamwe numufatanyabikorwa Abom AISTCOM - Ibi ntabwo byari bimaze kuba izina ryinyenyeri imiterere. Kubera iyo mpamvu, AB yavuye muri studio
Ikadiri kuva ku gikarito "Mickey Mouse na Kangaroo"
Binyuze mu mahwa kuri oscars
Ibitekerezo byamizwe cyane mumutwe wa disney, kandi imishinga yamamaza irabura neza. Kubona amakarito ya Max Fleisher kubyerekeye Betty Bump n'umusare, yashimishijwe cyane na animasiyo. Hanyuma Walt Disneye yahisemo kujya muri Hollywood. Ariko byari bifite agaciro ko kuzayo, yahise yiruka mubibazo byinshi - ntahantu rwose byari bihari muri Cinematografiya, kandi animator ntabwo yari ikenewe na gato. Ariko Walt ntiyaretse byinshi, yatangiye kugenda ku bigo ashakisha akazi. Kandi kubwamahirwe yuzuye yahuye numucuruzi wigenga wagize uruhare muri firime. Walt yamusabye kuzamura amashusho ye azwi, kandi inyungu zifata ubwabo.
Yahisemo gushyira mu bikorwa tekinike ishimishije - yamenyesheje intwari nyayo mu isi ya animasiyo. Mbere ya byose, byari ngombwa guhitamo umugambi. Walt kuva mu bwana yakundaga "Alice muri Wonderland", nuko mfata umukobwa tugaragara neza ku ruhare maze atangira akazi. Ubwa mbere yasakuje nyarwo, hanyuma ajya i garage ye, aho film yari ihagaze, kandi ikora kuri firime. Yashushanyijeho neza, yahujwe n'ibihimbano, yashyizemo ishusho ubwayo. Ubwa mbere, "Alice" yahuye n'ingoma, ariko nyuma yigihe gito atangira kugera kubari bateraniye aho.
Ikarito ivuga kuri Bear Winnie Pooh Animator yaremye imyaka irenga mirongo itatu
Ikadiri kuva ku gikarito "Adventures Winnie Poo"
Hanyuma Walt yahisemo gukora imico mishya. Animaten ab anex, inshuti ya disiki ya hafi, yazanye imbeba yimyumba. Nibyo, bidatinze imico yahinduye izina kurubutso kandi ruzwi cyane - imbeba ya mickey. Bwa mbere yagaragaye mumakarito "Umusazi w'indege". Ariko abantu bake barabizi ko niba atari kuba umugore wa animateur, imbeba ya Mickey yaba yarakomeje kunanira. Yari Diliniya Disney yemeje umugabo we izina rya Mickey kugirango imbeba iboneke. Nyuma, Farmuter yabaye uwo bahanganye muri Mickey Maus mu rugamba kubera ukundwa cyane - Minnie. By the way, walt ntabwo yari animator, umuyobozi na producer, yiyeretse kandi mu gukina. Kuva ibyuma bya Mickey no kugeza 1947, ijwi ryimbeba yinyenyeri ryari iy'agasuzumwe ubwayo. Ariko hamwe na Abom Issk, intonganya irasohoka. Imiterere mishya yimiterere ntabwo yagombaga gukora ibi, ariko walt yashimangiye. Mu bihe biri imbere, amakimbirane yabo yarakabije, maze mu 1930 asigara Disney maze afungura studio ye.
Ariko ntituzaba ababaye ... Intsinzi buhoro buhoro yahiritse Disney. Bidatinze, Oscar yambere yageze. Mu 1932, ikarito yerekeye imbeba izwi yahawe igihembo gikomeye, kandi yari intangiriro yinzira yinyenyeri. Igihembo nyamukuru cy'ishuri rya firime y'Abanyamerika ryagejejwe ku muyobozi uko ari makumyabiri n'itanu, maze yitabira Nominations afite inshuro mirongo itanu n'icyenda! Byongeye kandi, yahawe ibihembo bitatu byateguwe cyane cyane. Iya mbere ni ishyirwaho rya Mickey Maus, icya kabiri - Kumusanzu wa muzika kuri firime za animated, icya gatatu ni icya cartoon "shelegi yera hamwe na dwarf zirindwi". Icyegeranyo cya Animator nacyo kirimo "zahabu Globes", ibihembo bibiri nibihembo bibiri byumunsi mukuru wa firime. Nk'uko umubare rusange w'intsinzi ya cinematique ya Walt Disney ni umwe mu bantu witwa abantu mu mateka y'isi.
Muri rusange "urubura rwose" rwashyizwe mubikorwa inyuranye: yigishaga abantu kuririmba no kubyina
Ikadiri kuva ku gikarito "Urubura rwera"
By the way, ubuzima bwingenzi mubuzima bwa Disney bufitanye isano nurubura rwose. Mu 1937, yahisemo gutekereza ku gipimo kinini no kurema akanya gato, ahubwo ni ishusho yuzuye yuzuye animasiyo. Yamaze hafi isaha n'igice. Byongeye kandi, abantu bari muri iyi cartoon baririmbye bwa mbere barabyina, bashimishijwe cyane nabari aho. Disney yongeye gushaka kongera ubumaji nubwana. Ariko igitekerezo cyo gukora abakozi b'amakarito yuzuye abashinzwe ikarito ntirwashimiwe. Fabork ko chef igiye kwiburemere bwuzuye, bavuze ko igitekerezo cyari kigomba gutsindwa ndetse gikamuseka rwihishwa. Igitekerezo gishobora gucibwa kumuzi, kuko disney yarangije inkunga. Imipaka y'amafaranga yo gukora yararangiye, kandi walt yahisemo kwerekana abamuhazamu ari verisiyo yo muri firime. Nyuma yo kureba, barishimye kandi bemera gutanga amafaranga menshi kugirango barangize akazi. Kandi nkuko byagaragaye, bitabaye impfabusa.
Ariko imwe mu mico ye ya Disney ntabwo yihanganiye ndetse ikanabura kugerageza kumukuraho inshuro nyinshi. Uku nuburyo bigenda bisimburana, Pesk Guffy! Ntibyumvikana ibyo atigeze ashimisha Umuremyi we, ariko birazwi ko yakijije ikibazo cy'ubukungu muri Amerika. Disney ntiyashakaga gutakaza abagwiza no kubaha akazi gahoraho, yemerera Guffy kandi komeza gutura kuri firime.
Inkuru zisekeje
Biragaragara ko Walt itazanye inyuguti ze. Abirondator nyinshi yakoraga kuri studio, yashushanyijeho inkingi mucyo gihe. Kurugero, umunara muto wa Mermaid yakuwe mu miterere yumuntu wimyaka cumi n'umwe, mugihe "nyir'ubwite bwa" nyirubwite murugo "yarashwe murukurikirane. Usibye isura isa nibiranga ibiranga, mermaid nto nayo yemeje ibintu bimwe na bimwe nimyitwarire ya heroine milano. Kandi ingaruka za yoruza mumisatsi y'amazi zakuwe mumafoto yabategarugori-polly munda ya sally muburemere.
Hariho ingero zo mu mateka y'icyaha. Kurugero, urushyi rwabavandimwe kuva "guswera" rwandikiwe hamwe na Barker-Karpis GARGET GATST GARGET GATSTERS uriho rwose muri mirongo itatu, iyobowe na Mama Barker. Hariho ubujura bwinshi bwa banki, ubwicanyi no gushimuta kuri konti yabo.
Heroine y '"umutima ukonje" - imwe mu mirimo iheruka
Ikadiri kuva ku gikarito "Umutima Ukonje"
Ariko ntabwo buri gihe Walt yashimishije gusa, mu 1946 yahisemo kumurikirwa no kurekura amashusho ya Cartoon ". Ku buryo, mu buryo bw'ikarito, ingingo zikomeye zizarushaho gusobanuka cyane ku gisekuru gikiri gito. Mu nyigisho zo kuyobora ubuzima bwiza, ikarito yarebaga miliyoni zirenga ijana z'Abanyamerika. Ko mbere yibirimo, hanyuma ukurikirwa numugore wa muganga Mason Hon. Yashimangiye ko mu gikarito mu gishishwa yakozwe mu buryo busanzwe inzira ibaho. Byemezwa ko iyi animasiyo ya animasiyo ariwe wambere kwerekanwa kumugaragaro hamwe na firime irimo ijambo "igituba".
By the way, kwibuka serivisi mu gisirikare ntabwo byanyuze kuri Disney kubusa. Mu mibereho ye yose, yafashije ibigo byinshi bya leta, amashusho yo kwigisha amashuri yingabo z'Amerika, film poropaganda ihamagarira Abanyamerika kwishyura imisoro, kandi bakuramo imisoro myinshi yo kurwanya abantu benshi barwanya. Disney ndetse yitabiriye kurasa urukurikirane rwa Collmonatique ya NASA, hamwe na bagenzi bayo, bategura icyerekezo cyo kurwanya gikomunisiti cyerekanaga ubumwe bwabanyaminite. Nibyo, Walt yari umuntu urwanya yemeje kandi ntiyigeze yifuza kwandikirwa abo mukorana kuri Hollywood. Birashoboka koko barabiketse, ariko birashoboka, bakureho abanywanyi.
Umuntu ku giti cye akomeza kugiti cye
Nubwo abantu babo bakunzwe, Disney ubwayo akomeza kuba ishusho yibanga. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko ubuzima bwe bwose yanditseho ikarito na studio ye. Ndetse numugore we uzaza uhujwe muburyo butaziguye. Umutware wa Walt yari umukobwa witwa Lilian Marie. Novender, muganga muto wakoraga nk'umunyamabanga muri studio no mu 1924 mu batumiwe mu bukwe bwa muvandimwe walt. Agezeyo, yahuye na animateur ikizwi. Walt na Lilian bahuye hafi umwaka kandi bashakanye mu 1925 mu itorero rito muri Idaho. Ku gicaniro, umugeni yayoboye nyirarume, kubera ko se Lilian yari arwaye muri kiriya gihe. Ababyeyi ba Walt ntibashoboye kuza mubukwe na gato. Abashakanye bifuzaga rwose kubyara, ariko Lilian ntibashoboraga gutwita igihe kirekire. Nyuma yimyaka umunani yo kuvura, amaherezo yagerageje gukambikwa ikamba, ariko gutwita kwambere, kubwamahirwe, yarangiye gukuramo inda. Ariko uwa kabiri yaratsinze: Umukobwa wa Diana Marie yagaragaye mu muryango wa Disney (ubu ubu washinze inzu ndangamurage yitiriwe se), hanyuma Sharoni ashobora, abashakanye barezwe mu 1936.
Muri firime "Uzigame Bwana Bank" Mugwi mugwiza wakinnye Tom Hanks. Ishusho yatowe kuri Oscar na Zahabu Globe
Ikadiri kuva muri firime "Bika Bwana Banks"
Nubwo akazi gakomeye ku kazi, igihe cye cyose Walt cyeguriwe umuryango. Umunsi umwe, agendana nabakobwa, yatekereje ko byaba byiza kurema aho abana babitekereza. "Disneyland" yagaragaye, yabaye ingoma nyaryo y'imyidagaduro. Noneho parike zifunguye muri Amerika gusa, ahubwo no mu Bufaransa, Ubuyapani, Espanye n'ibindi bihugu. By the way, hamwe no kuvumbura Disneyland, abakozi be barabujijwe gutwara ubwanwa. "Nta musatsi muremure, ubwanwa n'ubwanwa! Ntidushobora kwemerera umuntu kugurisha ikibindi cya choland ya hippie idashyizweho umukono! " - inshuro nyinshi wasubiwemo walt na we wenyine. Iri tegeko ryabujijwe cyane mu 2000 gusa ryasuzumwe ku nshuro ya mbere, yemerera abakozi ba parike kwambara ubwanwa buto.
Nyuma yo gufungura Walt ya mbere "Disneyland" wa mbere, yasubijwe mu kubaka ikibuga cya Ski hafi ya Parike Nkuru "Sequoia" muri Californiya. Ndetse yarahawe uruhushya rwa Lesnikov, yemeranya na guverineri ajyanye no kubaka umuhanda mushya. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, akazi kahagaritswe. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Disney, abayobozi bashya b'ikigo bahisemo ko bashobora gucunga umushinga munini w'ingenzi, kandi bahisemo, mubisanzwe, muri Disneyland, bari bamaze kuzana amafaranga menshi.
Imperuka.
Walt Disney yapfuye azize kanseri y'umucyo wa cumi na gatanu wo mu Kuboza 1966. Yabaswe no kunywa itabi no mu gihe gito mu gisirikare. Umuherwe yagerageje kubireka, yagerageje tekinike atandukanye, yagiye mu baganga n'aba psychologue, ariko amaherezo yahoraga atanga. By the way, nyuma y'urupfu rw'uwashinze, bitewe n'icyemezo kibi, studio yatereranye burundu ishusho y'itabi mu makarito yabo.
Hariho ikintu kimwe cyamatsiko: Mbere gato y'urupfu rwa Disney yashushanyijeho amagambo abiri ku mpapuro zatewe - Kurt Russell. Kuri Russell ubwe, ikomeje kuba amayobera. Mugihe cyurupfu rwa animant animateur Kurt yari umwana, kandi nubwo yari asanzwe umukinnyi, atarageraho. Walt Disney yatekereje iki?
Byongeye kandi, nyuma y'urupfu rw'intwari yacu, ibihuha byagendaga cyane mu binyamakuru, bivugwa ko ubwenge bwa Cartoon bwahagaritswe. Ariko, ibi ntabwo arukuri. Mubyukuri, umubiri wa Disney watwitswe, kandi uwambere mu mateka yakogenike umuntu yabaye ukwezi gusa apfuye. Nubwo yaba afite ibitekerezo nkibi, ntabwo yari afite umwanya muto.
Ariko, ibihangano byo kugwiza byaremwe na bo, na Walt na Hoskey ubwe azahoraho iteka mu mateka, kuko ndamushimira byahinduye rwose reba uko igikariro kigezweho kigomba kumera.