Nyuma ya kimwe cya kabiri cyuruhande, bamwe basekeje, chameleons, injangwe nziza, bidasubirwaho rwose - ibi byose bijyanye nizuba ryizuba. Uyu munsi, ibirahuri byijimye ntabwo ari byiza, ariko ibikenewe, ntabwo ari abatuye Metropolis gusa. Abakinnyi n'abahinzi, abashinzwe itike kandi batimukanwa, urusaku n'ibisasu bitunguranye byakoze iki gice cy'imyambarire y'imyambarire y'imyambarire yabo y'urwanyi. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, kuri twe, amadarubindi akomeza guhanga imiterere yihariye, cyane cyane mugusaba muminsi yizuba. Bwira inkuru ishimishije yibi ishusho yimyambarire irambuye, bikagaragaza ufite imyaka ibihumbi!
Ibikoresho byambere byagenewe cyane kubwiza, ni bangahe kugirango barinde amaso imirasire y'imirasire yabonetse mu rugamba rw'imico y'abantu, ku butaka bwa Misiri ya none. Muri pirami zizwi kwa Farawo Tutankhamon, abacukuzi b'ibyataburuwe mu matongo bavumbuye amatsiko - kandi bihenze cyane! - guhanga. Amabuye abiri ya Filigree yaciwe amabuye ya Emerald cyane kuburyo binyuze muri bo byashobokaga kureba ibibera hirya no hino, bafatanije neza na bronze "muburyo bwimiti igezweho. Abashakashatsi bafite ubushishozi: Hariho protons imbere yabo, biboneye, biboneye, bishimiye Umunyamisiri kubimenya. Kwirukana ibikoresho byiza kandi byiza bya Emerald byakorewe muri Roma ya kera. Ibimenyetso byamateka byabitswe nibwo Umwami w'abami uzwi Nero yakundaga kureba intambara nziza binyuze mu bwoko bwa Greenish Lorennet, yakuyeho igice cy'isi ya Greenish, yemerera ikibuga nta bubabare.
Abashinwa b'Abashinwa na bo bakoresheje ibirahure "icyatsi kibisi, ukuri ntabwo ari Emerald, na Quarz. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, igihangano ntikigifite. Gusa urwego rwo hejuru rushobora kwishyura ibintu byiza, cyane cyane abacamanza. Byongeye kandi, inkombe nk'izo zakoreshejwe cyane zo kurengera ibitekerezo, nko kugira ngo zihishe abaregwa ku ruhura. Kandi tubikesha umugenzi, Marco Polo ni uburyo bwo kuba abayobozi b'Abashinwa no mu Burayi. Abaturage bakoresheje gusa umutaka no guhita kwihisha imirasire - igihe cyibinyejana, abadamu b'Abashinwa bizeraga ko urumuri rw'izuba rumurimbura ibara nyaryo ry'amaso, biganisha ku gukomera kwe. Batinyaga abakobwa n'intwari mu ntangiriro, kandi nk'uko tuzi uyu munsi, ubwo bwoba bwatsindishirijwe neza.
Ariko, kurinda ultraviolet ntabwo byasabwaga mumadolari gusa. Abakurambere b'abatuye mu majyaruguru ya kure, Eskimos, kashe y'amabuye y'agaciro ntiyishobora kwirata, nuko bazamuka bagiye guhisha amaso ku zuba. Bakoresheje amagufwa y'inyamaswa, bahigaga, babona kubumba muri bo. Aho moderi zigezweho zirimo ikirahure, eskimos yaciwe hejuru yibice bibiri bito. Birumvikana ko igishushanyo nkiki cyagabanije ingaruka zangiza zimirasire yizuba, kandi ntiyigeze mubana rwose.
Muri rusange, prototypes ya venglasses zigezweho yabonye byinshi. Ariko umusaruro washyizwe mu Burayi mu Burayi, mu gihe cyatinze. Abanyabukorikori bazanye imikoreshereze y'amabuye y'agaciro - bityo ibyo kurya byagabanutse cyane, ariko, ishyanga iryororoshesheshejwe ntirishobora kwigurira ibirahuri biva kuri Emerald, safiro cyangwa ruby crumb. Bidatinze, indorerwamo za Masters zafatwaga na gahunda ku bashikanyi: ibirahuri byari bitwikiriwe n'icyapa kibi. Igishimishije, icyatsi, ubanza uzwi cyane kubakora amanota, uhuza imirimo yabo, vuga, ntabwo arinzira nziza. Ikigaragara ni uko icyatsi kibisi kitazi "guhagarika" urumuri rwinshi (gusoma). Gamma yubururu iratandukanye cyane, ariko mu Burayi bwo hagati, iri bara ryajyanye na siyanse yubupfumu nubumaji bwirabura. N'ikinyejana gito, mu 1752, London James James Esque (bifatwa nk'ibihimwe by'ingingo zigezweho) zashoboye kugurisha abashakanye bake gusa "ubururu". Gusenyuka kw'imikorere "izuba" biyemeje Napoleon Bonaparte, watanze ingabo ze mu gikorwa cye cyo mu Misiri n'icyiciro cya kabiri cy'amaduhira. Ariko mugihe runaka hari ibitagenda neza: Abasirikare bahoraga binubira ko guhuza n'imihindagurikire yagenewe kurengera amaso yabo, byatumaga impumyi.
Izuba n'inyenyeri
Ni ryari amahano avuye mu isohozwa ry'ibyiza byiza byimukiye kurutonde rwibikoresho bikenewe? Abahanga mu by'amateka baganaga bahamagara itariki nyayo: Byabaye mu 1891, iyo urugero ruzwi cyane rufite ivanga kuri konti, rugenewe abamotari n'abatwara amagare. Basaga ibirahure kubaderevu: nini, isoza kimwe cya kabiri mumaso, irangi mumihondo yumuhondo cyangwa orange. Nibyo, nibwo prototype ya "aviatos" iriho ubu, ariko ibintu rusange biratabakira bidasubirwaho. Kugeza 1911, ibyo bita imodoka-ikirahure byari bimaze kugurishwa mububiko bwa optique, ikirahure kuri abamotari bashya.
Imyambarire kuri Indoreshya (kimwe nibintu byinshi bishya) byatangijwe inyenyeri za cinema. Abakinnyi n'abakinnyi ba firime yo guceceka batangiye kugaragara ahantu hose mubirahuri bitangaje hamwe nibirahuri byijimye, bikurura abantu. Ingingo zabaye imwe mu mico yubuzima bwiza. Kandi ntibyatinze, ntabwo byari bifite umugani wa Coco, watangiye guhita utanga ibikoresho by'imidedo mu byegeranyo bye. Muri mirongo itatu, ikinyejana cya makumyabiri, ikirahuri cyarimo impinduramatwara nyayo kandi itangira cyane nk'icyitegererezo twambara muri iki gihe. Turimo kuvuga kwivuza kwa Edfin. Yabonye uburyo bwo kubyara ibyitwa Akayunguruzo ka Polaroid, arinda amaso atari izuba riva gusa, ahubwo no kuri Forre. Inkuru rero ya Bausch & lomb na polaroid iratangira. Intsinzi yanyuma yisoko ryabaye nyuma yingabo zo muri Amerika zategetse aba bakorera icyiciro cyose cya "PITER".
Nyuma y'intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose, Marilyn Monroe na Audrey Hepburn yihishe ibirahuri byijimye. Ingingo zabaye igice cyimikorere ya Wardrobe, kandi impamvu yibi bitari ugushaka kuvugana na Paparazni, ni bangahe bakeneye kwihisha kumugaragaro ... amaso atukura, amaso atukura, amaso. Ikigaragara ni uko ibikoresho byo gucana ku mbuga zo kurasa (igitangaje cyangiza!) Umucyo uv imirasire ya uv, gutwika no guhunika, na retina. Buntari inkuba mirongo itangira ibirahuri byijimye mubice nyabyo. Birahagije kwibuka amashusho ya Ringo Starr, Andy Warhoh hamwe na Munzu Ndangamurage ye Edid Sedgevik, Lou Reed, Ozy osborne na John Lennon hamwe na Yoko. Uwa nyuma yambaraga ikadiri yamenyekanye hamwe nikirahure cyirabura cyirabura kiri icyunamo kubo yari atuye.
Biratangaje kuba avamutsa umugani kugeza nubu bikomeje icyitegererezo kizwi cyane ko imiti yose yabyaye imyambaro ihabwa, kuva polaroid kuri Max Mara na Dol & Gabbana. Ariko ibirahuri binini, bitandukanye no kwizera gukundwa, genda kuri buri wese. Noneho, ushize amanga wambara "abaderevu" yawe niba ufite isura nini ya ova, kare cyangwa urukiramende rwamatama. Ariko amahirwe hamwe na oval nziza nibyiza guhitamo uwaife. Ibirahure byimyambarire bijya kure kuri byose - rero mugihe uhisemo rumu, wibande kubyabaye kuri Lennon nawo. Kwitwaje rim ya la "harry potter", ugomba kugira isura ifunganye, ndende ifite ibintu byoroshye.