Sizovuta kukhala mkazi - makamaka ngati mukukhala kumapeto kwa XX-xx zaka zambiri ndipo mumalota za chinthu, kuwonjezera pa chisangalalo kukhala mkazi ndi mayi. Maria Skeldovskaya-curie ndi yekhayo woimira wachifalansa padziko lonse lapansi, yemwe anawonjezera mphoto ya Nobel chifukwa cha zomwe sayansi ikuwonjezera. "Amayi a ziphuphu" adalowa, koma nthawi inayake amakhala ndi malingaliro a anthu, omwe sanafune kuzindikira zoyenera.
Ubwana wakhama Maria anachititsa chidwi kuphunzira. Ndipo nzosadabwitsa. Adabadwa mu 1867 ku Warsaw, m'banja la aphunzitsi a ku Poland a vldovsky ndi brolislav bogunskaya. Abambo amaphunzitsa sayansi, ndipo amayi ake anali ndi udindo wa wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma pambuyo pake adakakamizidwa kusiya ntchito yake chifukwa chodwala. Anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha Mariya atakwanitsa zaka zambiri. Posakhalitsa mlongo wake wamkulu wa Sophia anamwaliranso. Pakati pa bambowo adachotsedwa ntchito chifukwa cha malingaliro ake anti-bati, ndipo adakakamizidwa kusokoneza ntchito yochepa kwambiri. Zochitika izi zidapangitsa kuti Maria adasiya kukhulupirira Mulungu. M'malo mwake, kufunitsitsa kumvetsetsa dziko lapansi ndipo mwachilengedwe amafotokozera mwachilengedwe kumapangitsa mawonekedwe ake kukhala chidwi ndi sayansi.
Skeldowsky anali pachibwenzi kwambiri mwa asayansi, ndipo kunyumba anali ena otchuka nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, Dmitry Mendeev, powona, ndi chiani chomwe mtsikanayo amagwiritsa ntchito zoyeserera mu labotale, anati: Mlandu wa masewera a Maria adamaliza maphunziro awo ndi mendulo yagolide. Komabe, maphunziro ena ku yunivesite anali kukayikira: mwayi wopeza maphunziro apamwamba kwa akazi m'chigawo cha kaseline, chomwe chinali gawo la ufumu wa Russia, womwe unali ndi malire. Kwa zaka zingapo, Maria anakhalapo pamaphunziro ophunzirira azimayiwo mobisa, yunivesite yowuluka. Ndipo nawonso adagwiranso ntchito ngati wolamulira kuti atole ndalama zophunzitsira mu soronne wa mlongo wachikulire Roylava. Izi, kenako, zinalonjeza kuti zimuthandize - anali ndi mgwirizano wotere.
Maria skldovskaya-curie ndi banja
Chithunzi: Ru.Wikhidiya.org.
Mu chuma cha Skelovskaya sichimangopereka maphunziro ndi Basicho asanu, komanso adaphunzitsa mwamwano mobisa mobisa kuti panthawiyo adakhudzidwa ndikuwopseza pofotokoza za Siberia. Koma mtsikanayo sanali munthu wolimba, komanso mtima wabwino. Kuphatikiza apo, anali Milvovoiod, anzeru, ndimadziwa momwe angakakake, amakonda kukwera mahatchi ndikupanga ndakatulo. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti adatha kugonjetsa mtima wa mwana wamwamuna woyamba wa mwini wakeyo, Kazimage Zhuravsky, yemwe adafika ku tchuthi. Kumvana kunali kotheratu, mabanja achichepere amakhala mwangwiro. Komabe, tikaphunzira za izi, zuvskyky-zhuravsky adayamba kukwiya: adasungidwa mkwatibwi ndi mtsikana wosautsa, osatinso zovuta. Kasimierz sanayerekeze kutsutsa zofuna za makolo. Kutentha kotentha kunatha, ndipo iye anabwerera kudzapitiliza maphunziro ake ku yunivesite. Ku Maria, chochitikacho chinawonetsa chidwi. Anazindikira kuti amuna sanakhulupirire, ndipo m'kalata yopita kwa Bronislavavava idalonjeza "konse konse kudzitenga anthu kapena zochitika."
Chikondi ndi Chemistry
Mu 1891, ngwazi zathu zidatha kukwaniritsa maloto ake ndikulembetsa ku Sarbonne. A Brolisala ndi nthawi imeneyo anakwatira wa ku Roollont ya Offtor, wophunzira mankhwala. Anapempha Mlongo kuti akhazikitse mndende, yomwe amazikonda limodzi ndi mwamuna wake. Komabe, Maria sanafune kupatsa abale ake komanso patapita kanthawi ataganiza zoyenda, ndikuchotsa chipinda chaching'ono mu chipinda chozizira cha latin kotala. Ku yunivesite ya skelodovskaya amakumbukiridwa ngati m'modzi mwa ophunzira achidwi kwambiri; Masanawa adakwatirana, ndipo madzulo adagwira ntchito ngati mphunzitsi. Zosowa zambiri zinali zokwanira chakudya, adayendetsa zovala kuti mabowo. Kamodzi pa nkhaniyo, mtsikanayo adagwada.
Muulendo waukwati Maria ndi Pierre adapita pa njinga
Chithunzi: Ru.Wikhidiya.org.
Koma ndi mkhalidwe wake wamphamvu, yemwe anachita chidwi ndi burre curie kwa iye. Kwa zaka makumi atatu ndi zisanu adakwanitsa kupeza zomwe zapeza ndalama zingapo zasayansi, adaphunzitsanso sukulu yotchuka ya sayansi ya sayansi ndi umagwirira ntchito, komanso adapita ku labotale. Maryya amangofunika malo oti azichita kafukufuku. Adadziwitsidwa kwa mnzake, pulofesa wa ku Poland. Ndipo msonkhano woyamba, komanso malingaliro oti kubayamutsa kwa iye, mtsikanayo amakumbukira moyo. "Ndinadabwa ndi mawu a maso ake owala komanso kumverera kwamtundu wina wochokera kwa iye. Zolankhula zake, pang'onopang'ono komanso mofulumira, kuphweka kwake, kwakukulu komanso nthawi yomweyo kumwetulira kwa achinyamata kudayambitsa chidaliro. " Anazindikiranso kuti anayamba kukondana atamuwona manja ake, odekha, okhala ndi asidi. Komabe, chopereka choyamba cha dzanja ndi mtima wa sklodovskaya lidakanidwa: Komabe, kukumbukira kumene bala wakale za Atate wamkulu.
Ndi yotentha, Pierre adanena kuti anali wokonzeka kulowa naye limodzi ndikukhala pafupi, ngakhale atakhala mphunzitsi wa France mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku. Komabe, kunalibe malo kwa Mariya, omwe ali ndi udindo wa akazi, amawerenga omaliza maphunziro a Sorboni, monyinyirika. Ndipo kupatukana kwanthawi yayitali ndi Pierre kunamuthandiza kuzindikira chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri. Aliyense wa ife anazindikira kuti sakanapeza kuti sakanapeza satellite wabwino kwambiri wa moyo, "adalemba zolemba. Pa Julayi 26, 1895, adasewera ukwati waboma modekha. Maria anakana kukwatiwa mu mpingo, anasautsa abale ake. Mwambo wa mkwatibwi udabwera mu diresi lodana ndi buluu - momwe zaka zapitazi adagwira ntchito ya labotale yake kwa zaka zambiri. Paulendo waukwati, omwewo adapita njinga zomwe adawonetsedwa ndi anzawo.
Zamakono sizinakhale bwino, koma mosangalala. Iwo anali ogwirizana chifukwa chokondana osati kwa wina ndi mnzake, komanso kwa sayansi. Pierre adalimbikira kupeza ndalama zochepa, ndipo atatha kunyumba - kuchititsa zoyesa. Pamodzi ndi Maria, adasokoneza njira zowira ndi wotchi, ikani zoyesayesa zovuta kwambiri. Ndipo ndinamva ubale wathunthu wosamba. "Mwamuna wanga ndi malire a maloto anga. Sindingayerekeze kuti ndidzakhala pafupi naye. Iye ndi mphatso yakumwamba kwenikweni, ndipo nthawi yayitali timakhala limodzi, timakondana kwambiri, "zidzalemba Maria. Mu 1897, banjali lidachitika m'banjamo: mwana wamkazi woyamba wa Irene anabadwa. Komabe, mwana anatumiza kwa agogo ake. Kafukufuku wasayansi komanso ogula anagwiritsa ntchito makolo kuti azichita bwino. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti m'tsogolo Irene adabwereza zomwe zachitika.
Maria skedovskaya-curie ndi Albert Einstein
Chithunzi: Ru.Wikhidiya.org.
Zimapangitsa kuti azigwira ntchito yogwira ntchito - kudzera pamitundu ya michere ya mchere, - Maria adazindikira kuti pakuyesayesa, ena amachita zinthu mwankhanza. Lingaliro lake linali lolimba kwambiri: Mwinanso zitsanzo zili ndi zatsopano ndipo palibe amene sakudziwa zinthu zojambula. Kwa zaka zingapo, Pierre ndi Maria adayesetsa kuti amuchotsere, ndipo pamapeto pake dziko lonse lapansi adazindikira za kupezeka kwa radium. Kupeza kumeneku kunapangitsa anthu onse. Mu 1903, cholowa cha Pierre Custie adalengeza za mphotho ya Nobel. Palibe amene anamva za Maria, ankadziwika kuti ndi mwamuna waluso kwambiri. Ndipo modabwitsa kwambiri chinali mawu ake kotero kuti anali wokonzeka kulandira mphothoyo pokhapokha - pogawane ndi mkazi wake, chifukwa ndiopambana. Chifukwa chake kwa nthawi yoyamba ya Nobebete adadzakhala mkazi.
Mu 1904, mwana wamkazi wachiwiri, Hava anabadwira mu banja la curie. (Mosiyana ndi mlongo, analibe chidwi ndi sayansi, adasankha ntchito yolembedwa mbiri yakale. Koma analemba mbiri ya amayi, zomwe pambuyo pake zidatetezedwa). Pofika nthawi imeneyi, asayansi onse anali atakhala kale ndi thupi, hihre anaphunzitsa ku Soronne, Maria analowa ntchito labotale. Mavuto awo azachuma adatha kugwira ntchito yolamulira kuti alere atsikana. Zikuwoneka kuti moyo unakhala ndi gawo latsopano: kupambana, kuvomerezedwa, thanzi, thanzi, kulera mwasayansi, ndi kulera ana aakazi, koma, chisangalalo sichinakhalitse. Ngozi yankhanza, ya veliad idaswa moyo wa Pierre. Kutembenuza mseu waukulu, analibe nthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi pa nthawi ndipo anaphwanyidwa ndi mawilo ake. Panthawiyo, wasayansi anali zaka forte pafupifupi zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Chiwerewere
Pambuyo pa imfa yomvetsa chisoni ya mwamuna wake, Mariya adayamba kuvutika maganizo. Utsogoleri wa ku yunivesite wa Paris adamupatsa kuti azitsogolera dipatimenti ya fiziki, yomwe Pierre adachitidwira kale. Chifukwa chake sklodovskaya, curie adayamba woyamba m'mbiri ya sororpor pulofesa mkazi. Komabe, izi sizinali zosangalatsa. "Zachisoni bwanji! Mungakhale osangalala, ndikuwona momwe ndimaphunzitsira ku Sarbonne, inenso ndikadakhala kuti ndakufuna kwambiri. Koma kodi m'malo mwa inu ... O, anga aberre, amathanso kulota china chowopsa? " - Adalemba pa diary pa Novembara 5, 1906.
M'masiku ovuta awa, ntchito yakhala chipulumutso chenicheni. Gulu la American Anderrer Andrew Carnegie, kukhudza ndi chisoni chake, adathandizira mkazi wamasiye kuti akhazikitse labotale yemwe anali ndi zida zamakono. Posakhalitsa adasandulika fakitale yopanga ma radium yojambula. Kenako Maria sanadziwe zotsatila za radiation, motero zoyeserera zake zonse zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito popanda chitetezo. Wothandizira wake wamwamuna Andre-Louis Debinjun, amene, ali ndi chipongwe, anali achikondi ndi Akazi a Curndi. Koma sanathe kuyankha. Zaka zinayi za Maria zimawona kulira ma burre. Ndipo modzidzimutsa, m'chilimwe cha 1910, anayambanso kuvala madiresi achikuda, ena sanathe kuchitira zinthu zopanda pake koma sazindikira zomwe akuwoneka ngati moyo wotayirira komanso wokhutitsidwa.
Kuphatikiza pa kafukufuku ndi kuphunzitsa, conrie adafunsa madokotala
Chithunzi: Ru.Wikhidiya.org.
Cholinga choti kusintha kotereku kunali wophunzira wakale wa mwamuna wake, Paul Lanzhen. Anali wocheperako kuposa Mariya kwa zaka zisanu ndipo amakhala wokwatiwa motero, koma ukwatiwu unasweka pamisozi. Mnzakeyo ankakonda kumugubuduza mafanola ndi kumenyedwa ndikumenya mbale. Mapeto ake, osakhala ndi moyo moyo wonse, Lanzheni adachoka kunyumba ndikupemphera kukhothi ndikunena kuti nyumba yogona. Osati udindo womaliza pa chisankhochi kanafunsidwa ndi malingaliro ake kwa Mariya.
Ataphunzira za kukonda amuna awo achikondi, a Ms Lanzhen adakwiya. Mwanjira inayake, kukwezedwa kwa makalata achikondi, iye anamugulitsa ku nyuzipepala ya Boulevard ya Boulevard, abale ake amagwira ntchito kumeneko. Nkhani yakuti "Mbiri Yachikondi ya A Mademe Curie ndi Professor Lanzhen" idapezeka pamsewu woyamba wa nyuzipepala pa Novembara 4, 1911, pakadali pano pamene asayansi onse anali pazasupe. Buku la anthu onse: Polka ankayimbidwa mlandu wogonjetsedwa ndi "banja lachitsanzo lachi France," ndipo adafuna kuti awachotsere ku Dipatimenti. Kusan Newsponts sikunali konyansa kufotokozera malingaliro akuda: yemwe anali Skelodovskaya adayamba kusokonekera pomwe moyo wa mwamuna wake, chifukwa cha zomwe adachita. Kubwerera ku Congress, Maria adapeza gulu lankhondo lakutsogolo kutsogolo kwa nyumbayo. Mkazi wosasangalala wokhala ndi ana aakazi awiri (Junior Hava nthawi imeneyo anali wazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha zokha) amayenera kuyang'ana ndi abwenzi.
Ambiri kenako anapatukana ndi iye. Katswiri wa wacinris Svana Arthenius, yemwe kale adaganizapo zomwe adakwaniritsa chiwonetsero cha Skeldovskaya Custie, adalembera iye kuti asabwere kwa miyambo ya Nobel. "Mlanduwo ukhoza kusanduka choyipa pamaso pa mfumu, ndipo tikufuna kupewa mtengo wake," anafotokoza. "Ndikhulupirira kuti palibe cholumikizidwa pakati pa ntchito yanga yasayansi komanso moyo wanga payekha. Ine sindikugwirizana ndi lingaliro loti miseche ndi kunyalanyaza kwa dzina labwino kumatha kusintha kuwunika kwa zochita zanga zasayansi, "Maria anayankha kwambiri. Ku Stockholm, adasankhabe kuti apite.
Apanso, nthawi ya Nobel, nthawi ino mu chemistry, nthawi ino mu chemistry, clododovskaya-curie abwerera ku Paris, komwe adafuna kuti apewe kuti ndilotseretu za nthano yabodza: "... kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mtundu wa chindapusa chogwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndili pa kafukufuku wasayansi. " Ambiri adachita mantha ndikupepesa, koma nkhaniyi idawononga mwamphamvu mikhalidwe ndi thanzi la Mariya. Chifukwa cha matenda a impso, adakakamizidwa kuti apange opaleshoni yachinsinsi, pansi pa dzina la alendo. France sanabwerenso. Zinakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri. Monga chikondi chake Chaziri Kazimiahh, anali wofooka ndi mawonekedwe ndipo sanayerekeze kusudzulana. Maria adaganiza kuti ali kutali ndi Paris sizingakhale zosavuta kuti iye achitikire, ndikuwaitanira kwa fisics gerti kumoyo kwa nthawi yayitali ku England. Mkazi uyu sanali yekhayo m'modzi wa ogwira nawo ntchito amatambasulira dzanja lake kuti amuthandize.
Mufilimu "Maria Cunie", Udindo waukulu udaseweredwa ndi Pea peres
Talisn
Pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, skelodovskaya-curie adadziwonetsa kuti ndi dziko lenileni. Anafuna kupereka mphoto zake zonse za golide zomwe zakwanitsa zasayansi kuti zithandizire gulu lankhondo. Komabe, banki yadziko lonse ku France idakana kulandira zopereka zake. Komabe, adawononga ndalama zonse zomwe zidagwirizana ndi mphotho ya Nobel. Pamodzi ndi mwana wamkazi wa Irene, yemwe anali wachinyamata, nawonso adapirira zipatala za ankhondo ndipo adaphunzitsidwa madokotala kuti apange X-ray kuti akwaniritse bwino ntchito. Zipangizo za radius yam'manja zimatchedwa "Curndi Yamng'ono". Pa zaka zankhondo, asirikali oposa miliyoni miliyoni adapeza mwayi.
M'zaka zapitazi, skedovskaya-cur custie idayambitsa kafukufuku komanso kuphunzitsa mu radium Institute, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa. Pa moyo wake, adalemba zolemba zopitilira makumi atatu, zinawonjezera zomwe asayansi onse omwe adalowa bizinesi yake. Nthawi ndi nthawi, adapita ku Roland Poland, komwe adalangiza madokotala ndipo m'njira iliyonse adathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito radium mu mankhwala. Pakhosi ngati chithumwa mu ampoule yapadera, Maria adavala galamu limodzi, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti azichita bwino komanso kutchuka. Sanadziwe kuti gulu lakeli limasunga chiwopsezo champhamvu mwa iye.
Thanzi la Mariya idakulirakulirabe mwachangu. Mu 1934, adapita ku kampani yakupita ku kampani ya Bronislava, chifukwa chake anali ozizira kwambiri. Kutentha kunachitika kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, sinali zotsatila za chimfine, koma matenda omwe pambuyo pake amatchedwa radiation. Pa Julayi 4, Maria anamwalira ndi leukemia, yemwe adavomereza pachimake. Poyamba adayikidwa pamanda ku CO (O-de Sen), m'manda a Pierre. Koma mu 1995, boma la France linasankha kusamutsa zotsalira za mayi wina wabwino kwa Paris Pantheon. Amayikidwa m'mabokosi apadera motetezedwa poteteza ma radiaction radio, ndipo onse omwe akufuna kulongedza katundu wawo wa ma curen pangozi. Kudzera mu zaka chikwi chimodzi ndi theka, ma radiation adzatha.
Palibe chifukwa chochitira ndi moyo wosakhala ndi chibadwa, zomwe ndinatsogolera. Ndinapereka sayansi yanthawi yambiri, chifukwa ndimayesetsa kuti iye ndi amene ndimakonda kafukufuku wasayansi. Zomwe ndimalakalaka amayi ndi atsikana ang'ono ndi banja losavuta komanso limawasangalatsa, "adawakondweretsa. Kodi anali wokondwa? Kwambiri. Kupatula apo, tsoka lidamutumizira iye chinthu chomwe amakonda, ndipo munthu amene adagawa maloto ndi malingaliro ake.