Varicose veins of the lower extremities is the expansion of the surface veins of the lower extremities, accompanied by impaired blood flow and the functions of venous valves.
The veins are valves that do not give to the heart of the blood to rescue down. In varicose veins, the vessel valves become weak, not fully closed, and blood is stood in the veins and stretches them.
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Forms, varicose disease is divided into:
• intracutaneous and subcutaneous segmental varicose veins without pathological venous reset;
• segmental varicose veins with reverse blood outflow over surface or perforated veins;
• Common varicose veins with reverse blood outflow over surface and perforated veins;
• Varicose veins in the presence of reverse blood outflow on deep veins.
There are several varieties of the classification of the varicose veins of the lower extremities. The most modern version allocates 6 grades for the development of the disease:
- Class Zero - the absence of symptoms of veins during inspection and palpation.
- class one - the presence of small meshes of veins and vascular stars.
- Class two - the appearance of extended veins.
- Class three - the appearance of edema on the legs.
- Class four - blood elements are seeping outside the vessels, where they decay and give pigment, painting the skin into brown color, the formation of multiple scars in subcutaneous fat and dermis, swelling occurs near the ankle.
- class five - the development of the so-called predage or healed ulcers;
- Class six - the development of persistent trophic ulcers, especially in the field of the heads.
Complications: Development of eczema, thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, trophic ulcers, pulmonary artery thromboembolism, which can lead to a sudden fatal outcome.
Risk factors leading to the development of varicose veins of the lower extremities:
• pregnancy and childbirth;
• heredity;
• frequent weight lifting;
• sedentary work;
• the need to spend a lot of time on the legs;
• frequent wearing of high-heeled shoes;
• Hormonal changes in the climax;
• overweight;
• Publishers.
What symptoms talk about varicose veins of the lower extremities?
In addition to visible external signs of varicose veins of the lower extremities, symptoms are swelling of the legs by the end of the day, the feeling of gravity and driving pain in caviar, the feeling of heat in the legs and night crashes in the ion muscles.
To which specialist to contact?
The treatment of varicose veins of the lower limbs is a phlebologist.
What diagnosis should the doctor hold?
General examination of the patient:
• Assessment available for veins;
• assessment of the color of the skin color;
• Evaluation of swelling.
Lab diagnostics:
• clinical blood test;
• Coagulogram;
• D-dimer test.
Tool diagnostics:
• Ultrasound Dopplerograph - helps to estimate the state of the valves and the rate of blood flow in veins, the degree of damage to the vascular wall, the permeability of deep and surface veins and the presence of thrombus;
• Duplex angiusing - allows real-time to scan the vessel, to evaluate blood flow in it, detect blood clots and inspect the condition of the venous valves. Absolutely safe and painless method.
What treatment is necessary in varicose veins of the lower extremities?
Basic. It is important to remember that varicose veins will not be able to return to the initial healthy state with tablets and ointments. To date, surgical interventions in varicose veins are the main method of treatment. Properly performed operation allows not only to eliminate all the manifestations of varicose varicose, but also to prevent his appearance in the future. Depending on the stage of the disease and the risk of complications, the following surgical techniques are applied:
• Sclerotherapy - the procedure is carried out under local anesthesia. A special substance is introduced into the expanded vein, the bonding walls of the vein. The operation is carried out within a few minutes.
After the operation, some time will require elastic breakdown of legs and restriction of physical exertion;
• Radio frequency coagulation of varicose veins - this procedure is performed under ultrasound control, under local anesthesia, without cuts and without hospitalization. During the procedure, the microwave is heated and affected by the affected vein;
• Laser coagulation of varicose veins - the procedure is carried out under local anesthesia: light guide is introduced into the vein, the laser radiation from the inside heats the blood cells and they "brew" the vessel;
• Phlebectomy - removal of varicose veins. Subcutaneous veins are subject to removal, blood flow on which is not more than 10% of the total volume. The deep veins on which the bulk of blood is transferred is easily adaptable to a similar insignificant increase in load. As a result of the operation, blood outflow is normalized, aesthetic effect is achieved.
Additional treatment is aimed at braking the rate of progression of the disease and is carried out in a complex with surgical treatment. Good results gives the following conservative treatment:
• reception of phlebotropic drugs and the use of ointments and creams that increase the tone of peripheral veins due to anti-ethnic, analgesic, toning and anti-inflammatory effects;
• Wearing a compression knitwear or the use of elastic bandages.
How to use compression bandages?
The bandage is superimposed, pre-pulling the foot "on itself." Binting is always starting from the joints of the fingers of the foot and capture the heel. Bandage roll spin out. Bandage pressure should slightly weaken from the ankle to the thigh.
How to use compression knitwear?
The knitting pressure must end by 5-10 cm above the extended veins. If the veins are increased under the knee cup, then you can not wear golfs, you need to wear stockings. Knitwood should be worn in the morning, as quickly as possible after hygienic procedures.
Compression knitwear must be erased every day to prevent its stretching.
You need to wash the compression knitwear, with the help of children's soap or a special shampoo.
It is impossible to use stains, wasy powders and air conditioning. You can not squeeze the knitwear so as not to damage the thread of the compression, you can only get into a towel. Sew compression knitwear should only at room temperature.
You can not dry on the batteries. Change the compression knitwear every 6 months - after this period, it loses its therapeutic properties.
Physiotherapy: pulsed magnetotherapy, vibrotherapy, amplipulsterapia, darsonvalization, electrophoresis, hyperbaric oxygenation, lymphatic, galvanization, ultraviolet irradiation, UHF, Laser irradiation of blood, cryotherapy; Balnesese treatment: pearl, oxygen, rodon baths, contrast shower, mud.
Sanatorium-resort treatment: Angara, Bakirovo, Yeisk, Krasnosolsk, Nalchik, Sergiev Mineralnye Vody, Sochi, Matsesta, Talgi, Tamysk, Ust-Kachka, Hilovo, Belokurich, Kisagach, Molokovka, Uvildy, Darasun, Essentuki, Zhelovodsk, Zholovodsk , Kozhanovo, Pyatigorsk, sewan, shmakovka, Yamarovka, Annena mineral waters, carmadon.
What can you do?
Diet . Following a special diet with varicose veins will help slow down the course of the disease. Turn on the following products in the diet:
• black currant, lingonberry, cranberry, black rowan, sea buckthorn - these berries are rich in rutin, which strengthens the walls of the vessels;
• Bulgarian pepper, greens, rosehip fruits, broccoli, plums, strawberries, gooseberries, citrus fruits - all of them are rich in vitamin C, which stimulates the formation of collagen, which causes strengthening the walls of blood vessels;
• legumes, beef liver, egg yolk, vegetable oils are rich in vitamin E, which improves circulation and normalizes blood coagulation;
• beef, turkey, cedar nuts, beans, peas, buckwheat - products rich in zinc, which normalizes blood circulation by vessels, prevents oxygen starvation, helps reduce swelling;
• Barrieval cereals, buckwheat, honeysuckle, corn, pistachios, oatmeal - rich in silicon, which speeds up the metabolic processes in the walls of venous vessels and improves the work of venous valves. Exclude acute and fried food, coffee and alcohol. Salt use should be limited - no more than 6 g per day.
Physical activity. In varicose expansion, physical activity is very important, since a sedentary lifestyle is one of the main risk factors. Without physical exercise, the blood in the affected vessels is stirred, the pressure on weakened veins increases. Walking, jogging, swimming is ideal physical exertion in varicose veins. Also useful exercises for the legs "bike" and "scissors".
IMPORTANT!
In varicose veins, a diaphragmal breathing is useful. Place one palm on the chest, and the other on the stomach. Breathe so that the hand on the stomach moves forward, and the hand on the chest remained without movement.
Household rules. In varicose veins of the lower extremities, it is worth abandoning some of the habits and take into service a few rules:
• Refuse the shoes on high heels;
• Do not sit in a foot pose on foot;
• Do not take hot baths;
• Watch out for weight;
• During sleep and leisure, keep your legs in a raised position;
• If you are forced to sit for a long time, for example, work, get up and knead every 30 minutes.
Thrombophlebit
Thrombophlebitis - inflammation of the venous wall with the formation of a thrombus in the lumen of the vein.
Inflammation of the inner casing of the vessel includes a protective mechanism of blood - it starts to coat. Blood bunches form a thrombus, which narrows the clearance of the vessel and prevents the normal outflow of venous blood.
By the nature of the course of the disease, the following types of thrombophlebitis are distinguished:
- acute thrombophlebitis proceeds into the frame × 1 month;
- subacute thrombophlebitis has the duration of clinical manifestations from 1 to 2 months;
- Chronic thrombophlebitis is a long pathological process, which lasts more than 2-3 months.
By the nature of the inflammation of thrombophlebitis distinguish with:
- purulent;
- not purulent.
The localization of the pathological process distinguishes:
- thrombophlebitis of superficial veins;
- thrombophlebitis deep veins.
Complications: chronic venous insufficiency, sepsis, venous gangrene, tomb separation and thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery.