The palm of the championship in the mortality list of Russians persistently hold cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the main of which is ischemic heart disease and brain stroke are caused by atherosclerosis. That is, the disease, in which the walls of the vessels are compacted and plaques appear in them.
Doctors highlight 4 main risk factors atherosclerosis. This is a violation of lipid (fat) exchange, or hypercholesterolemia (in other words, an increased level of cholesterol in the blood); arterial hypertension; Smoking and violation of carbohydrate exchange.
Violations of lipid metabolism are found in Russia most often, which is due to our nutrition. In Asian countries, where people are laid on plant and marine food, such pathology is almost unknown. According to Academician Ramna Rafael Oganova, the contribution of hypercholesterolemia into premature mortality of compatriots is 23%, and in the lost years of healthy life - 12%.
Often, the violation of lipid metabolism is detected even in children. So, during one study, analyzes were studied 1277 Russians aged 5-34 years who died from injuries. Even in the youngest age group, 5-14 years old in 87% of cases in the aortes were found fat stains. So, doctors say, the prevention of atherosclerosis should be carried out from the young nails.
For more than 20 years in developed countries of the world, national programs to combat atherosclerosis are carried out. If we follow international recommendations, 60% of the working-age population of Russia need at least in dietary and 15-20% in the drug treatment of high cholesterol levels. But patients practically do not know anything about it. For many years, atherosclerosis proceeds asymptomatic and often discovered only on very serious stages. Therefore, death, myocardial infarction and stroke often develop suddenly when medical care is not available.
The main task of the state, consider doctors - to identify not only people with the already formed the disease, but also those who are included in the risk group. That is, with elevated (more than 140/80) pressure, cholesterol levels above 5 mmol / l, the volume of the waist is greater than 102 cm in men and 88 cm in women. In addition, doctors believe that in Russia it is necessary to carry out a total verification of the population for obesity and diabetes - two of these pathologies make a significant contribution to the development of atherosclerosis.
But doctors recognize that all people from risk groups to plant medicines should not be - treatment of elevated cholesterol medications far from always brings the result. The problem is that medicine still cannot accurately determine who needs to be treated necessarily, and who is not. But doctors are confident that many people are suitable for the usual correction of the food diet and a healthy lifestyle, which includes smoking, sports and outdoor sports.
Fish Thursday
So, people from the risk group should comply with a diet. Eat at least 5 servings of different fresh vegetables and fruits daily. One portion - 1 apple, orange, pear or banana; 1 large slice of melon or pineapple, 2 kiwi or 2 plums, 2-3 tablespoons of freshly prepared lettuce or canned fruits; 1 tablespoon of dried fruits; 2 tablespoons of dish cooked from fresh frozen vegetables or fruits. Eat also grain, legumes, berries. Sugar Use no more than 50 g per day. Fish - at least 2 servings per week, preference gave the fish of the northern seas (mackerel, sardines, tuna, salmon, mackerel, herring, halibut, etc.). It has been established that the probability of the development of coronary heart disease decreases by 25-30% when fishing is 2-4 times a week.
Dairy products are especially not fond, choose the removed milk, low-fat yogurt, low-fat cheese. Put the poultry without skin meat. From oily meat, salary, butter, sour cream, oily cheese, sausages, sausages, offal, fish caviar, shrimp, squid, should be refused if possible. Animal fat replace vegetable (sunflower, corn, cotton, linen oil - enough 2-3 teaspoons per day) or fish (omega-3). Eat no more than 3 eggs per week (preferably without yolks), and lunch and dinner sometimes drink a moderate amount of red dry wines - 100-250 ml (for women - third less). Many eskulapses have nothing against products enriched. Floral sterols that advertise as "reduced cholesterol".
Sports (average intensity) in your life should be at least half an hour or 45-50 minutes three times a week. Ideal sports - walking, swimming, skiing, jogging, cycling. In patients undergoing stroke, half an hour of such a load reduces the risk of re-stroke by 37%; Healthy - risk of death from stroke by 23%.
It is not possible to smoke, even passively. The cessation of smoking for two years leads to a decrease in the risk of coronary death by 36% and myocardial infarction by 32%.
Health diary
As for patients who are still prescribed tablets (statins), the doctors see another problem: very few of them fully fulfill the recommendations of doctors. People often miss medication techniques, independently reduce the dose, which, of course, is reflected in treatment. Most often, such irresponsibility is observed in drinking and smoking patients. One will help the maintenance of a diary of treatment, and only intimidation can affect the other, cardiologists recognize.
But often screwed the doctors themselves. So, the patient from the risk group, the ECCOLAP should recommend to quit smoking, assign a diet, physical exertion. All this should be reflected in the outpatient maps. However, the study of Academician of Oganova showed: recordings with recommendations on the refusal of smoking are only 2.6% of cases, which is 6 times less than the number of outpatient cards, which indicate that the patient smokes. Entries with recommendations to play sports were found only in 31% of cases, which is almost a third less than the number of outpatient cards, where it is indicated that the physical activity of the patient is insufficient. Finally, the record that the patient is recommended to the diet, discovered in 70% of outpatient cards.