French chic
For several decades, Alexander Stepanovich Kaminsky was actually homely architect the merchant race of the Tretyakov (after all, he was married to the sister of the Founder of the Treasury). So, when Paul and Sergey Mikhailovichi conceived to build a trading house on the newly acquired site of the land, they did not have doubt, who entrust the design.
With the tenants of the premises, too, everything was clear. The object under construction faced the leadership of the International Bank of Lyon Credit, which was just intended to open his new branch in Belokamenny. And it was on Kuznetsky Bridge, since 18 French stores were traded at this "street mod" by that time; And their owners, of course, it was very convenient to use the services of the "native" banking institution. In addition, the well-known antique firm Daciaro decided to open the salon.
The presence of such "residents" put the building owners before a serious problem: how to secure banking and antique values from thieves? And then their "home architect" suggested an unusual project: it is necessary to equip the room in the basement, access to which, if necessary, will reliably block the water - a sort of "safe aquarium"! Tretyakov I liked the idea. In the middle of the basement mounted a hermetically closing larger metal chamber for storing jewels and money. Each evening, through a special system of pipes, the entire basement was hung out with water from the shooting river, which flowed in the neighborhood, and at the beginning of the next working day it was dried with pumps. Since among the thieves of "bearishmen" there was no aqualantly, then it was impossible to overcome such water protection for them.
In addition to the bank and art salon, part of the premises on the first floor of the Tretyakov House held a store well-known Muscovites from Enfield, which offered a variety of "technical devices from metal" - from writing machines to beds. On the second and third floors of the building there were offices, and several apartments were arranged.
The hosts did not shake on the interior decoration. The stucco on the ceilings of the front premises was decorated with natural gilding. According to the sketches of the Kaminsky itself, in a double lobby, the floors are decorated with a mosaic of small pieces of multi-colored marble. The second floor leads a wide staircase with patterned metal balusters, the details of which were cast at the Bromley Brothers Moscow Plant (her railing was made of solid slices of marble!). Huge - in two floors a height - the Hall of the Antique Salon decorates an elegant mezzanine balcony, also made of cast iron. And behind curious oak doors, topped with a dial of wall clocks with a battle, an imfilade of the halls occupied by the Bank opened. For the Lyon Credit, the Lyon Tips worked - in accordance with the idea of the Kaminsky, glorified to the whole world, Masters from Lyon ordered the manufacture of luxurious tapestries, decorated with a golden pattern.
Judgment Day
Revolutionary changes in Russia were released the Tretyakov House from all previous guests. Instead of the bank, the cabin, the store was first made first by the addict of justice, and then instead of him - the division of the General Prosecutor's Office. Apparently, the "servants of the Soviet law" the magnificence of interiors seemed to "bourgeois excesses", and therefore they began to fight with them decisively. Instead of marble mosaics on the floors, a 6-centimeter layer of concrete was put on the floors, instead of precious tapestries, the walls "decorated" with a simple, "government" coating, more relevant to the spirit of the Soviet institution. As unnecessary, a unique safe design, flooded with water, almost nothing left of it.
Already in the newest times, the Tretyakov House experienced invasion of entrepreneurs. At first, a hairdresser drove into liberated by prosecutor's premises, then a restaurant opened in the building, and the basements under it were converted to the pool and the sauna. One can only be horrified, representing how such a neighborhood influenced the construction of the building and the surviving fragments of his old finish. Only a few years ago, the owners appeared at the Terema, who did not regret the means for the revival of the former beauty.
Titan's return
"The revival of the Tretyakov House began in 2007," says the author of the project of the restoration architect Alexander Stulenikin. - To our arrival here, the building has been standing here for almost 4 years - with a disconnected heating, with a protruding roof, with destroyed adult structures ... This is a cast-iron support that supports the mezzanine in the hall of the former Daciaro saloon, leaned, threatened to fall here (and to cause The collapse of the entire balcony!), Since some of the previous tenants have disassembled the retaining wall in the basement. I consider work on this object, perhaps the most difficult for my long restoration practice. But in the end, it was possible to do everything as it should. Although it demanded, of course, very large expenses.
Alexander Studenikin.
We fully restored the copper roof of the house, and it is figure, with scallops! Steel as new facades "Terema" designed by the Kaminsky. Nevertheless, most difficulty demanded the restoration of interiors. I had to shoot down a layer of concrete in the lobby. Under it opened in some cases by chance that the fragments of the former mosaic floor were opened. Thanks to these fragments, our specialists were able to reconstruct the entire drawing, choose the marble of the corresponding colors ...
It was very difficult, according to Alexander Studenikin, solve the problem with tapestries. According to found under the later "Soviet" wallpaper, the production of an accurate copy of the previous wall coverings was ordered in France. These tapestries, as in the old days, did manually! I had to tinker and with old carved doors (on their matte glasses, by the way, even the old "banking" pointers for customers are preserved!)
A miracle that did not argue in the former Salon of Datsiairo, the cast iron balcony-mezzanine was disassembled into parts, on each of them - 20-25 layers of paint (in the Soviet times "marafets" before the holidays regularly injected). All this was purified, repaired, made a coating of the right color in accordance with the project of the Kaminsky itself ... And in the center of the hall, the renovated large chandelier was hung, made at the end of the XIX century, as experts believed, according to the sketches of the artist Beno'a.
The head of the restoration project mentioned that the previous species managed to return not to all the parade premises. Works can be continued, but everything rests on finance. I would like to believe that the current hosts of the Miracle Terema brothers will be able to find the opportunity to fully complete his recovery.
And who will enter the already renovated luxury premises? As the correspondent "RD" found out, it is planned to rent them under the office, office space. But users must be reliable so that in no case hurt the exclusive interiors. Therefore, in the Moskomnasy, under whose supervision there is an old building, they assured that the Department would very carefully select the candidates of tenants who wish to "register" in the house built by the famous Moscow merchants - "Gallers" Tretyakov.