The fifth of December 1901, the main storyteller appeared in the world - Walt Disney. Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Mermaid, Snow White, Cinderella - Heroes of his studio have long become legends. But doesn't it seem strange that the cartoons were interested in an adult man? And so much that he dedicated to them all his life? Let's figure out how a person with a child's soul became a successful merchant and changed the world of animation.
Life by the order challenged the young Walt Disney. His family was pretty poor and often moved. Walt was born in one of the largest cities of the USA - Chicago, though he lived there for long, just five years old. Then he moved to a small farm in Missouri with relatives, and some time later they moved to Kansas. Many neighbors knew and loved Walt - he was distinguished by a cheerful temper. One of them, the elderly veteran Dr. Sherwood, even paid the boy twenty-five cents for painting his horse on the paper shred. Later, Disney believed that it was the successful portrait of the mare of Dr. Sherwood and pushed him to the thought of becoming an artist.
Our hero since childhood showed interest in drawing, and its first comics began to sell in seven years. Later I painted for the school newspaper, and at night I visited the Academy of Fine Arts. Then he passed the course of newspaper cartoonists, where they taught non-standard thinking, funny violations of the usual logic and a laconic manner. Disney loved to repeat that childhood is the most wonderful time in life. It was his life credo, he wanted people to feel this amazing feeling as often as possible. And what could be the magic of cartoons?
The prototype of the famous Mermaid became the actress Alissa Milano
Frame from the cartoon "Mermaid"
But the path to animation was thorny and started at all from drawing. In nine years, Walt has already earned his life. I woke up at five in the morning so that together with the older brother ROOM deliver mail, and then fought faster to school. Having reached fifteen years, he decided to go jelly. It was this thing that his father began to engage, who was also in poverty for a long time. Walt gladly took up this work, but he wanted to create something more. And the drawings were not at all a simple hobby for Walt. He firmly decided to become a professional artist. Hearing such, Disney's father almost went crazy - is it possible to make money on bread, drawing all sorts of pictures! But Walt has no such unreasonable statements at all, he put himself a goal and reach it! In 1920 he graduated from art school. True, the love of his homeland was slightly distracted from the great goal.
During World War I, sixteen-year-old Disney intend to serve in the army. But the young volunteer did not pass the age qualifications, so he was offered only the seat of the chauffeur in the Red Cross. Disney agreed, and sent it to France. Yes, it is not enough: at the same time the world was concluded between the driver's arrival between the warring parties, and he immediately had to fly home.
After returning to the usual life of Disney immediately plunged into creativity. At first he went to work in a newspaper, but there he was quickly tired - instead of lyrics, his hand rushed something to draw something. Therefore, a more successful choice was the work by the artist at the Studio Kinoreclam. Advertising rollers have become the first creations of Disney. Short sketches were quite successful, and Walt literally fell in love with a new kind of art for himself. He drew day long, trying to different techniques.
Mouse Mickey Mouse caused Disney's quarrel with a partner Abom Aiverskom - this did not like the name of the star character. As a result, AB went out of the studio
Frame from the cartoon "Mickey Mouse and Kangaroo"
Through thorn to Oscars
The ideas were so swallowed in Disney's head, and advertising projects were clearly lacked. Seeing the cartoons of Max Fleisher about Betty Bump and the sailor, he was seriously interested in animation. Then Walt Disney decided to go to Hollywood. But it was worth only to come there, he immediately ran into a lot of problems - absolutely there were no places for beginner cinematographers, and the animators were not needed at all. But Walt just did not give up so much, he began to walk on agencies in search of work. And by perfect chance met an independent businessman who was engaged in moving films. Walt suggested him to promote his animated paintings, and the profits take to themselves.
He decided to apply a fairly interesting technique - introduced a real hero in the animated world. First of all, it was necessary to choose the plot. Walt since childhood loved "Alice in Wonderland", so I picked up a girl with a suitable appearance on the role and began work. At first he did real shooting, and then went to his garage, where the film was stood, and worked on the film. He did one painted, combined reality with fiction, he mounted the picture itself. At first, "Alice" met with a bang, but after a while she began to arrive at the audience.
Cartoons about Bear Winnie Pooh Animator created more than thirty years
Frame from the cartoon "Adventures Winnie Poo"
Then Walt decided to create a new character. Animator AB Aversex, a close disney friend, came up with a mortime mouse. True, soon the character changed the name to the more sonorous and well known - Mickey Mouse. For the first time he appeared in the cartoon "Mad Airplane". But few people know that if it were not for the wife of the animator, Mickey Mouse would have remained Mortimer. It was Lilian Disney that convinced her husband that Mickey's name for a mouse is more suitable. Later, Mortimer became an opponent of Mickey Maus in the struggle for his beloved - Minnie. By the way, Walt was not only an animator, director and producer, he also showed himself in voice acting. Since the creation of Mickey and up to 1947, the voice of the starry mouse belonged to the Disney itself. But with Abom Iversk, a quarrel came out. The new character of the character did not have to do this, but Walt insisted on his. In the future, their conflict was aggravated, and in 1930 AB left Disney and opened his own studio.
But we will not be about sad ... Success gradually overthrew Disney. Soon the first Oscar arrived. In 1932, the cartoon about the famous mouse was awarded the prestigious award, and it was only the beginning of the Star Route. The main award of the American Film Academy was delivered to the director as many as twenty five times, and he participated in the nominations he fifty-nine times! In addition, he was given three awards designed specifically for him. The first is for the creation of Mickey Maus, the second - for the musical contribution to the animated films, the third is for the cartoon "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs". The animator collection is also five "gold globes", two BAFTA awards and two prizes of the Cannes Film Festival. According to the total number of cinematic victories of Walt Disney is one of the most titled people in the history of world art.
In the "Snow Whole" multiplier implemented a new reception: he taught characters to sing and dance
Frame from the cartoon "Snow White"
By the way, an important milestone in Disney's life is connected with the Snow Whole. In 1937, he decided to think large-scale and create not just a cartoon, but a complete full-length animation picture. She lasted almost an hour and a half. In addition, the characters in this cartoon were first sang and danced, which was very impressed by the audience. Disney once again wanted to add magic and childhood. But the idea of creating a full-length cartoon staff staff was not originally appreciated. Faboking that the Chef is going to take full length, they stated that the idea was doomed to failure and even secretly laughed at him. The idea could well be cut on the root, because Disney has ended funding. The limit of funds for production was exhausted, and Walt decided to show creditors a rough version of the film. After watching, they were delighted and agreed to allocate additional money to complete the work. And as it turned out, not in vain.
But one of his character Disney simply did not endure and even once tried to get rid of him several times. This is how it turns out, Pesk Guffy! It is unclear what he did not please his creator, but it is known that he saved his economic crisis at the time in the US. Disney did not want to lose his multipliers and to provide them with constant work, allowed Guffy and continue to live on the film.
Funny stories
It is clear that Walt did not come up with his legendary characters. A lot of animators worked at the studio, which drew inspiration in popular mass culture at that time. For example, the Little Mermaid Ariel was drawn from the character of the eleven-year-old Alissa Milano, while the "Who is in the house of the owner" in the series. In addition to similar appearance and characteristic bang, the Little Mermaid also adopted some features and behavior of Heroin Milano. And the effect of it soaring in water hair was taken from the photos of American women-astronaut Sally Ryde in weightlessness.
There were examples from the criminal chronicles. For example, the GAVS brothers from "duck stories" were written off with the Barker-Karpis Gang gangster group who was really existing in the thirties, headed by Mama Barker. There are many robbery of banks, murders and abductions on their account.
The heroine of the "Cold Heart" - one of the last studio works
Frame from the cartoon "Cold Heart"
But not always Walt entertained only, in 1946 he decided to enlighten the enlightenment and released the cartoon "Menstruation History". In his opinion, in the form of a cartoon, serious topics will become much clearer to the young generation. At lectures to conduct a healthy lifestyle, the cartoon watched more than one hundred million American schoolchildren. That before the content, then followed by the gynecologist Mason Hon. He insisted that the emphasis in the cartoon was made on the naturalness of the processes occurring. It is believed that this animation roller is the first to be shown to the general public with the film containing the word "vagina".
By the way, the memory of the service in the army did not pass for Disney for nothing. Throughout his career, he helped several federal agencies, filmed educational paintings for the US Army, propaganda films calling for Americans to pay taxes, and also removed several anti-Hitler rollers. Disney even took part in shooting a series of documentary cosmonautics for NASA and, together with its colleagues, organized the Anti-Communist Motion Motion Picture Alliance, which advocates for the preservation of American ideals. Yes, Walt was a convinced anti-community and did not be rushed to write denunciations on his colleagues in Hollywood. Maybe they really suspected them, but perhaps, simply eliminated competitors.
Personal remains personal
Despite the popularity of their characters, Disney itself remains a relatively secretive figure. It is worth noting that all his life he devoted cartoons and his studio. Even his future wife is connected directly. The chief of Walt was the girl named Lilian Marie Bonds. Slender, thin brotherhead worked as secretary at the studio and in 1924 it was among those invited to the wedding of Brother Walt. There she met the famous animator. Walt and Lilian met for about a year and married in 1925 in a small church in Idaho. To the altar, the bride led her uncle, since Father Lilian was sick at that time. The parents of Walt could not come to the wedding at all. Spouses really wanted to have children, but Lilian could not become pregnant for a long time. After eight years of treatment, numerous attempts were finally crowned with success, but the first pregnancy, unfortunately, ended with miscarriage. But the second one became successful: the daughter of Diana Marie appeared in the Disney family (now the famous biographer, the founder of the Museum named after his father), and then Sharon May, which spouses adopted in 1936.
In the film "Save Mr. Banks" a multiplier played Tom Hanks. The picture was nominated for Oscar and Golden Globe
Frame from the film "Save Mr. Banks"
Despite the enormous workload at work, all his free time Walt devoted to the family. One day, walking with daughters, he thought that it would be nice to create a place in which the kids would be interested. So "Disneyland" appeared, which became a real entertainment empire. Now such parks are open not only in the United States, but also in France, Japan, Spain and some other countries. By the way, with the discovery of Disneyland, his employees were forbidden to wear beards. "No long hair, mustache and beard! We can not allow someone to sell a jar of a coland of unsigned hippie! " - repeatedly repeated Walt Disney himself. The ban was so strict that only in 2000 it was reviewed for the first time, allowing employees of the park to wear well-kept small mustache.
After the opening of the first "Disneyland" Walt, the ski resort was restored to build a ski resort near the Central Park "Sequoia" in California. He even received approval from Lesnikov and agreed with the governor about the construction of a new road. Nevertheless, work was suspended. And after the death of Disney, the new managers of the company decided that they could manage only one major project, and had chosen, naturally, Disneyland, which had already brought considerable incomes.
The End.
Walt Disney died of cancer of the light fifteenth of December 1966. He was addicted to smoking even during his short service in the army. The billionaire repeatedly tried to quit, tried different techniques, went to doctors and psychologists, but in the end always surrendered. By the way, after the death of the founder, as a result of a unanimous decision, the studio has completely abandoned the image of cigarettes in their cartoons.
There is one curious fact: shortly before the death of Disney scratched two words on the shred paper - Kurt Russell. For Russell himself, it remains a mystery. At the time of the death of the famous Animator Kurt was a child, and although he was already an actor, not yet reached. What did Walt Disney mean?
In addition, after the death of our hero, rumors were actively walking in newspapers, allegedly the genius of cartoon was frozen. However, this is not true. In fact, Disney's body was cremated, and the first in history cryogenic frost man took place only a month after his death. Even if he had such thoughts, he did not have time quite a little bit.
However, the multiplication masterpieces created by them, and Walt Disney himself will remain forever in history, because only thanks to him completely changed the look at how modern cartoon should look like.