Izvo zvese zvakatanga ne "Elixir wekusafa". Kusikwa kwechinhu chinoshamisa chakadai kweanopfuura makore chiuru apfuura, mamakisi eTaoist aive akaomeswa mumamongi akaoma. Vakaedza kusanganisa zvinhu zvakasiyana, zvakasiyana siyana, kupisa, kwakapora. Mhedzisiro yacho yaisatarisirwa: Vakaedza "vanofara" hupfu hwevatema, izvo, kana zvichinge zvasungwa nehasha uye rumbidzo, vakaparadza zvese zvakatenderedza. Pano iwe neiyo Elixir yehupenyu hwusingaperi!
Zvizere "zveChinese: Chishamiso Chishamiso (Aidaidzwa kuti Smoky poda) Musangano wegore. Kutaurwa kwekutanga kwechiitiko chakadai kwakachengetedzwa mumachekodhi eimwe yeanodzora Chinese Emperor, dated × 1044 (asi iyo sampule yepfuti yezvinangwa zvechiuto chaingoitwa muXIICember Century chete)
Pakutanga kwezana reXIII, maChinese mhizha akagadzira musanganiswa matsva, ayo kana akavezwa anogona kugadzira "moto wekudenga" wemavara akasiyana uye kunyange maumbirwo akasiyana. Saizvozvo "inoratidza" yakakonzera dutu remhepo pakati pevatorwa vakashanyira humambo hwakasvika. Kunyangwe iyo pyrotechnic "ziva kuti" sei "yainzi" yakafungidzirwa seChina ine zvakavanzika zveveruzhinji zvakavanzika uye zvakanyatsochengetedzwa, zvese zvakafanana zve "Focal foci" muCentine yezana ramakore. kusvika kuEurope. Pane chikonzero chekutenda kuti mufambi anozivikanwa ediyeller mufambi Marco Polo akavanzika zvezvakavanzika. VaItalians vakazova vakanyanya kuyemura vanonzvera zvePyrotechnicial vakaunzwa kubva kumabvazuva. Yakanga iri munyika ino makore angangoita mazana mashanu apfuura bhuku rakaburitswa muEurope nemirairo pane iyo kifaa fireworks - "de La Pirotexnika".
Tsarist rudo
Nyika yedu maererano nePyrotechnic inonakidza mumakore epakati haina kusimba kumashure kwenyika yekare. Mumazuva evana Donskoy, muna 1389 muMoscow vakatanga "magetsi anonakidza" (kunyange kugadzirwa kwekunze). Vakuru ve "basa remoto" vakaoneka muRussia makore mazana maviri gare gare. Pakati pezana reCentine, mune imwe yemitambo yekupfura yakagadzwa chinzvimbo che "powder musoro", icho chakapihwa basa rekugadzira misoro dzakasiyana-siyana, gadzirirai mhosva dzinodiwa uye dzimhanye mukati mezororo.
Yekutanga yakakura-chiyero fireworks muRussia yakaitika mushure mebhora panguva yechiitiko chegumi nemasere aPetro muna 1690.
Tsananguro yeRussia Firework iri mumabhuku ekare. Hollanets Baltazar Koet, semuenzaniso, mumiriri weConaradhi. . Vashanyi vanoyemurwa "tailed" matombo ane mavhiri emoto ... Iwe unogona kuwana iyo fireworks muzvinyorwa, inoratidzwa muna 1683 paMakomo akapfeka Sparrow.
Zana ramakore regumi nemasere rave kuzana ramakore reMoto dzeRussia. "Zvimiriri zvipfumo" zvaisanganisira chete pyrotechnic chete, asi zvakare pendi, mimhanzi, mimhanzi. Mabasa aya, akakodzera pamasosi akakosha, akagara kwemaawa 2-3 uye dzimwe nguva akaiswa mumitambo chaiyo, ayo aivapo akasiyana ezvipenga. Ivo vakatofanira kunyora zvirevo zvakakosha - kuitira kuti vateereri havana kuvhiringidzika muuchenjeri mafungire ... "Kuita vanhu" kwaive kugadzirwa zvakanyanya nehuni uye "contour" pyrotechnic. Kazhinji vakaitwa nhare uye mumharidzo yemharidzo "vakapinda muupenyu", vachifamba munzvimbo ine makumi maviri evashandi.
Petr ini ndainzi fan hombe yemoto. Shure munaFebruary 1690, apo makore 18 emambo mudiki akataurwa, "kesi isina kumboitika" "kesi" isina kumbobvira yamboitika " Yakanga iri yekutanga chaiyo-chiyero fireworks muRussia. Akaita kuti kuurayiwa kwezviuru gumi (zvekuenzanisa: mombe yacho ipapo inodhura chete 3 rubles). Kutenda kune Unyanzvi hweHouche Masters, denga rakaonekwa, semuenzaniso, mufananidzo wemoto wemoto - Hercules, kubatidza muromo weshumba ...
Tsar Reformer yakaungana muBhuku Rake Rese Haisi Mabhuku All on Pyrotechnics, akanyorwa mapepa emvura, pendi " Ikoko, muna 1707, roketi righto raigona kugadzirwa, izvo zvinogona kusimuka kune imwe kilometer kune imwe kilometer ine powder mhosva yeupfu!
Kutenda kuna Peter Alekseevich, "Mwenje" inoshanduka kuita hunhu hwekumanikidzwa hwemhemberero huru. Izvi ndezvekuzvidzora pachako mumhedzisiro yezana reXVIE rakatarisana nekuvhenekerwa kweGore Nyowani uye kubereka kunakidzwa kunotyisa. Uyezve, yega yega yegore idzva magetsi emoto aive aine imwe semantic mutoro. Iye, sokunge zvakadaro, akapfupikisa gore rapfuura uye akayeuchidza nezvezviitiko zvikuru - kutanga pane zvese, chokwadi, nezve mauto.
Semuenzaniso, magetsi anonakidza ari muJanuary 1, 1710, vakatsaurirwa kukunda mambo weSweden Karl Xii kana poltava. Varidzi vanoyemura vanoratidzwa pendi dzinoverengeka dzinoverengeka: "Dombo remakomo, rinova rwizi rweSweden. Shumba inobuda mugomo ihondo yeDhedhed. Shongwe ine korona, iyo inoratidza mamiriro ePolish (...) Ipapo gondo raionekwa richidzivirira mbiru, iro iuto reRussia, uye rakakamurwa nekutinhira kukuru nemutinhiri wemoto ... "
"Zvinhu" kubva kuLomonosov
Muhafu yechipiri yeiyo Xviii century. Panyaya yeiyo kifaa ye "misheni inosetsa" uye kuvhenekera, Russia yakatowana dzimwe nyika dzese dzeEurope. Pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwetsva yePyrotechnic mhedzisiro yakakwanisa kuratidza kunyange yakakurumbira kune yedu yepasirese yepasirese Nekuraira kweMashress Elizabeth Prrovna (uyo akagara nhaka yekuda kwe "moto kutamba"), aifanira kuraira "- kuita zvidiki" - kufungidzira kufungidzira kwakasimba, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko kunyangwe Nyora nhetembo dzeGrand Pyrotechnic zvinomiririra, gadzirira mateki enzvimbo uye nhamba ...
Nekudaro, zvinonyanya kufadza musayendisiti yaive, hongu, kushanda nemakemikari "zvinhu". Nekuda kwekuedza kwakawanda kwekuedza, Lomonosov akakwanisa kuve nechokwadi chekuti matombo akaputika zvakanyanya, uye anoyerera esvava kubva kumatsime emoto akabhururuka. Uyezve, nekuda kwezvifungo zveMikhail Vasilevilvich kune tsika kusvika pore, yero, yebhuruu, mutumbo, musiyeti wekutsvaga basa muna 1756, iye zvino musayenzi we Clementev pasi pekutarisa kwangu kunotsvaga munzira yangu, maitiro ekuitira ma fireworks akatasva nyeredzi dzegirini ... ") Western Europe yakagamuchira ichi chakavanzika kubva kuRussia.
Gare gare, muXix zana, iyo fefeni yemoto yatinoenda kuderera, uye kuma1930s, pakanga pasina chekutanga hukuru hwe "zviitiko zvemoto". Kunyangwe zororo rakakosha kwazvo munyika dzakaita chaizvo pasina nzira dzekushongedza. Chokwadi, kubvira 1943, Muscoves vakava nemukana wekuyemura munyu kubva kuFirework, vakarongwa pachiitiko chechiwizi uye "makarenda matsvuku ekarenda".