Yadda ba mu rasa bike da keke
"Taka" tayal tayal ce da muka rasa. An shigo da kalmar da aka shigo cikin rayuwar mu, ta soke abin da za mu yi alfahari da gaskiya. Bayan haka, ƙarni da yawa, akwai wata kalma daban a Rasha. "Taka": Farantin da aka ƙone da yumbu an rufe shi da tsarin taimako ko gla mai launin fata. Koyaya, kakanninmu sun kirkiro hakikanin jigogi na kwarai ta amfani da fale-falen buraka. Ba a cikin ƙasashe da yawa da zaku iya ganin aikin, don haka spulistated, kuma wani lokacin da wani lokacin da ake yi da kullun da aka shigar.
Grass Moorva don "Ant"
Nasarin abubuwan tsarkakewa don ado fannoni da majami'u, murhu (sannan kuma murhu (sannan kuma murhu (sannan kuma murhu (sannan kuma murhu) an dauki shi daga cikin mafi mahimmancin fasahar zane-zane na Rasha. Ya wuce matakai uku. Da farko, an daidaita maginin tukwane don su sa abin da ake kira ja fale-falen buraka - farantin faranti da sifofin emposs. An yi su ta amfani da siffofi da aka sassaka daga itace, wanda tam cushe da clay taro. (Irin wannan Remorics a tsakiyar shekarun sun zama mai dacewa ga magudi tare da sauran abubuwan da suka dace da na ruwa mai ban mamaki - mai narkewa "mai narkewa" mai narkewa "mai narkewa". An yi amfani da mafita na musamman "" gilashin "a farfajiya ta waje, wanda ya ba da sunan da waɗannan fale-falen magana" Godiya ga waɗancan fale-falen fale-falen "graw-Muraba". Amma 'kumburin Mulkin kore "ya juya ya zama tilas.
Riga a farkon karni na XVII. Masters Rasha sun kware samar da tarin yawa (abin da ake kira ingantattun abubuwa). Fasaha ta masana'antu ta bazu daga gare mu godiya ga Abbot na Obersyy Goodasy a kan Valdia Nikonou. Ya gayyaci ya yi ado da gine-ginen Goncharian wanda ya tsere zuwa Rus daga Lithuanans. 'Yan uwan matan sluma sun san yadda ake dafa "shayarwa", wanda bayan harbin yana ba da enamel na fari, fure, rawaya da kore-turquoise furanni, daga gare su wannan ikon da aka tilasta wa ɗaliban Rasha.
Daga cikin soles na mu, mai satar Stepan "akan sunan barkwanci Hambes" ya cancanci shahara na musamman. An yi imani da cewa shi ne wanda ya kirkiri wani nau'in fale-iri na asali cikakke, "Pavlinje Ooko" ("Pavlinje Ooko" ("A ƙarshen kowane gashin tsuntsu a wutsiyar peacock).
Gidan zama - abokin ciniki kyakkyawa
A cikin Moscow, a karon farko, Ceroricolored Camericol ya yi wa haikalin na Triniti a cikin NCOnics, wanda aka gina daga 1630s, wanda aka gina daga 1630s, wanda aka gina daga 1630s, wanda aka gina daga 1630s, wanda aka gina daga 1670s, wanda aka gina daga 1670s, wanda aka gina daga 1630s, wanda aka gina daga 1670s, wanda aka gina daga 1670s, wanda aka gina daga 1670s, wanda aka gina daga 1670s, wanda aka gina daga 1670s, wanda aka gina daga 1670s, wanda aka gina daga 1670s, wanda aka gina daga 1670S . Teungiyar Masterties a cikin gine-ginen babban birnin da aka adana a cikin Izmav, Cocin Grigory na Nikolskaya, da Ofishin Ikklisiya na zato na budurwa a cikin tukwane ... duk da haka, da Mafi na musamman, rashin samun analogues shine abin da ake kira saƙa mai kyau.
A ƙarshen karni na XVII. A bankunan Kogin Moscow, kusa da gidan ibada novosperkky, da hadaddun majami'u da ɗakuna don karkatar da bishops. Kusan dukkanin gine-ginen ana amfani da su a matsayin abubuwan ado, alakar ban ruwa, amma daya daga cikin gine-ginen har yanzu ya fito a cikin wannan jere. Architect OShop na dattawa ya gina a gaban ƙofar - Theoforts of-ƙasa kayan ado, gami da kayan ado, ornes, eaves, an rufe shi da kafet mai kyau na fale-falen buraka! Babu wani abu kamar mu, ko a wasu ƙasashen Turai ba za ku hadu ba.
Baya ga na farko, ana iya kiranta gine-ginen da yawa, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da fale-falen buraka: YARSLAV, Solvyghygits, Vologyug, Vologyug, Vologyug, Vologyug, Soultyugh Spvygra da Cathermal hadaddun mutanen Urushalima kusa da Moscow. Shuka da kayan kwalliyar geometricov, hotunan square seraphmov na shida (halittar duk wannan kyakkyawan kayan ado ya rigaya ya riga ya shiga cikin hybes Stepsan Stepsan). Yawan ban ruwa charorics a cikin kayan adon haikalin tashin haikalin hafsoshin, mawakin sarki, wanda ya ci gaba da aiki da shekaru da yawa, da samun Tsarkin kasar gaba daya.
Ilmin sunadarai-alchemy
Yi aiki akan ƙirƙirar fale-falen burodin launuka na bukatar sanin asirin kwararru masu yawa. Ko da yake daga batun ra'ayin masana sunaye, tsari ya bayyana sarai: da kuma oxide na cobalt mai launin shuɗi yana ba da ... duk da haka, lokacin da yake da mahimmanci yayin aiki . Kowane ƙarin minti na harma, kowane ƙarin digiri na iya canza inuwa mai launi a fage. Kuma kayan tushen shine launuka-launi na launuka-launi, wanda aka samo kayan fasahohin da suka gabata a bankunan koguna, sannan kuma murhu-peat cikin foda - da kuma m asiriin. Wadanne duwatsu suke zaba waɗanne alamu?
Halittar da ke cikin gida na ma'adanai yana da matukar muhimmanci - yumɓu iri ɗaya ne, wanda kasuwar za ta yi. Misali, tsarin sunadarai a cikin jihohin Asiya ta Tsakiya sun banbanta da cewa "Glintsa", wanda Munters ya yi amfani da shi daga yankin Turai na Rasha. A sakamakon haka, ya juya: Idan ba ku da ƙarin dabaru ba, a kan "Asiya" mai laushi, da yataccen launin shuɗi, da yumɓu na gida ya riga ya yi aiki tare da karin kore .
Murhu na Rasha, ƙulla
A cikin Rasha, ƙarni da yawa, akwai wani yanayi don amfani da farantin yumbu don gama tarkon.
La'akari da fale-falen bututun hayaki na karni na XVII, zaku iya ganin alamu iri-iri - Foto Scens, Bitrus na farko, Kasuwancin Masai ". Riga wanda ya riga ya zama al'ada a Rasha, multicolored Maitoliki ba wahayi zuwa gare ta da shi, kuma haka sarki ya umarta: Daga yanzu, akwai wani bututun hayaki tayoyin kawai "bisa ga samfurin na Turai cafes" - tare da m fuska rufe tare da zanen labari, sanya a cikin tsarin launi mai launi sosai. Don kafa sakin irin waɗannan samfuran, sarki har yanzu an umurce shi don haɗawa da batun 'yan Sweden biyu da aka kama yayin gudanar da aikin soja. Koyaya, ya zama kaɗan daga waɗannan Scandinavians. Dole ne mu aika da yawa daga satarmu da yawa don koyo don zuwa Holland.
Da fale-falen dabi'ar da aka yiwa madubi na kayan teners a cikin gidajen ƙarni - farkon Xix ƙarni, amma ana iya "karanta". Square da murabba'i na rectangular faranti ana rufe su da fararen hula, kuma hoton "ciyawar daban daban daban daban-daban da nau'in tsuntsaye" an nuna su cikin shuɗi. Abin da kawai ba haka bane! Fantastic na Fantastic: Unicorn, tsuntsu Sirin, da fincin doki. Dabbobi, da gaske suna data kasance: crane, bear, giwa mai ban sha'awa da zaki; Bugu da kari, zaku iya haduwa da hotunan shimfidar wuri: Jirgin ruwa a kan teku, gine-gine, tsaunuka ...
Gaba ta a kan "Matsa" da "dabi'ar mutum". A kan hotunan hoto, masu zane-zane suna ba da sanarwar mutane, adadi, cikakkun bayanai na sutura da makamai. Yawancin faranti sunada hoto na halaye daban-daban daga rayuwa, wani lokacin tare da ban dariya, magana ta anecdotal. A nan, misali, sa hannu a ƙarƙashin zane na mutum tare da sandar kamun kifi: "Vaska, Tashchi soma! "Don haka bai sanya ni ba!". Akwai babban bukatar da aka sadaukar da kai ga mutane na kasashen waje. A kan kowane irin wannan "ethnographic" yumbu na yumbu, a karkashin hoton mutum, shugaban ya yi bayanin "," Cavalier Gispansky "," in ji Cavalisan MS "," in ji Masarautar Sin "...