Izazi zezimonyo zigcizelela njalo ukuthi isikhumba sidinga ukuvikela emisebeni yelanga eliyingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukukuvikela ngezindlela ezifanelekile ezinezihlungi eziningana futhi zimboze imisebe ye-spectrum ehlukile. Ungawanaki i-ejenti enjalo ephuma ngisho nasentwasahlobo - manje ilanga lisebenza ngokwanele ukuze ukwazi ukushiswa. Silandisa ngalokhu izihlungi ezikhethekile zamakhemikhali kufanele zengezwe.
Imiphi imisebe?
Ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngezimonyo, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi imisebe yokukhanya idinga kanjani ivikelwe kanjani. Ingqikithi yenzeka izinhlobo ezintathu zemisebe:
- UVa imisebe ngegagasi elide, elakha ama-95% emisebe yelanga. Ingozi enkulu esikhunjeni ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Bangena ezingxenyeni ezijulile zesikhumba futhi bacekele phansi amaseli ngaphakathi, abangele i-tan. Bayingozi ikakhulukazi esikhunjeni esomile, esingenawo umswakama. Ezinye izinhlobo zesikhumba ezinekhono elishiye lolu hlobo lwemisebe alusenabile.
- I-UVB yimisebe enesibalo esijwayelekile, esakha cishe ama-5% emisebe. Bayisizathu sokuvela kokushiswa, imibala kanye nokucasuka esikhunjeni. Isenzo sabo esiphakeme siwela ngesikhathi sasemini - Alukho odokotela abayi-vain beluleka ukungazi ngukushiswa yilanga kusuka emahoreni ayi-10 kuye kwayi-16. Lolu hlobo lwemisebe luyingozi ezinganeni, abantu abadala abanezikhumba sekwephuzile, abantu bathambekele ekuphakamiseni, nama-amateurs amakhasi acidical kanye nokugaya.
- I-UVC imisebe ngegagasi elifushane lakha amakhulu amaphesenti. Azingenanga emkhathini, ngakho-ke akulona ingozi kumuntu.
Kudingeka uvikele isikhumba kuwo womabili ama-speckers
Photo: Pixabay.com.
Izithako zivikela kusuka ku-ultraviolet
Izihlungi ze-UV ezihlangene zihlukaniswe ngokwenyama nangamakhemikhali. Ngokomzimba kufaka phakathi:
- UZinc oxide (uZinc onide) - uvikela ngezinhlobo zombili zemisebe Kepha ukhetha isikhumba futhi kungadala umuzwa wome. Ilungele izingane kanye nabantu abadala.
- I-Titanium dioxide (titanium dioxide) - Ivikela emisebeni ye-UVB, kepha i-UVA ibhekana kabi. Futhi kukhethwa futhi kungathola ama-pores. Ilungele abantu abavama ukushisa elangeni.
Izihlungi Zamakhemikhali:
- I-Avobenzone - Ithola i-UVA, kepha ayivikele emisebeni ye-UVB. Ifanelana nabantu abakhala kahle futhi bathola ngokushesha umthunzi omnyama okhanyayo wesikhumba.
- I-TINOSORB - Ivikela ngokumelene zombili izinhlobo zemisebe . Ilungele bonke abantu, kubandakanya nezingane nophahla lwabantu abadala.
- I-Octocrylene - bamunca i-UVB, kepha ayivikele ku-UVA.
- I-Oxebenzon, noma iBenzophenone (Oxybenzone) - ivikela kuphela ngemisebe ye-UVA.
- I-Octinoxate (OctinoXate) - Ivikela kuphela ngemisebe ye-UVB.
- I-EthyLexyl riazone iyasebenza kuphela kusuka ku-UVB.
Naka abasebenzi
Photo: Pixabay.com.
Yini okufanele uyinake ukukhetha kwezindlela
- Ilebula. Kufanele ikhombise izinga lokuvikelwa: 2-4 - Ukuvikelwa kusuka kuma-rays angama-50-75%, 4-10 - Ukuvikelwa kusuka ku-80%, 10-20 - Ukuvikelwa kusuka ku-95%, 20-30 - Ukuvikelwa kusuka kuma-97%, 30-50 - Ukuvikelwa kusuka kuma-99% emisebe. Isici sokuvikelwa kusuka ku-UVA Radiation sikhonjiswa yisithonjana esikhethekile embuthanweni ohlangothini olungaphambili. Khumbula ukuthi i-Thinner the ungqimba, ukuvikela okuncane - cishe ama-2 mm ukhilimu alungele ukuvimba ukukhanya.
- PhotoType. Isikhumba esilula isikhumba sakho, izinwele namehlo, kulapho uvezwa kakhulu ngemisebe. Abantu abanesikhumba sezikhukhula kumele basebenzise ukuvikelwa kwelanga, futhi bavuselele okungenani kanye njalo emahoreni ama-2 - ngalesi sikhathi ujuluka, ugeze kancane, ungqimba kancane kancane.
- Intengo. Ithuluzi elihle alikwazi ukubiza ngokweqile. Njalo naka ukunaka ukwakheka ngaphambi kokuthenga ukhilimu noma isifutho. Izithembiso zomenzi eziphathelene nokungenzi manzi nokuphikelela ngeke zibe uma uqamba amanga lapho ulala khona ngemuva kokugeza ngoba muva nje ushiswe.