Sida aynaan u lumineynin baaskiilka astaanta
"Xadhig" waa taayir qadiim ah oo aan ka lunnay. Ereyga dibedda laga soo dejiyo looma galo nolosheena oo keliya, wuu baajiyay waxa aan ku faani karno sax. Ka dib oo dhan, oo loogu talagalay qarniyo badan, waxaa jiray erey ka duwan Ruushka. "Xaddid": saxan dhoobo la gubay ayaa daboolay qaab gargaar ama glaze midab leh. Si kastaba ha noqotee, awowayaasheen ayaa u abuuray cilmiga aasaasiga ah ee isticmaalaya masale-ga. Wadamo badan maahan waxaad arki kartaa dhismaha, oo aad u casrisan, iyo mararka qaar raaxo badan oo lagu qurxiyo gelinta luqadda.
Cawska Moorova ee "ant '
Soosaarka walxaha dhoobada ah ee qurxinta wajiga dhismayaasha iyo kaniisadaha, foornada (ka dibna lagu damiyo dab-damiska) ayaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah farshaxanka farshaxanka ugu kala duwan ee Ruushka. Waxay dhaafay seddex marxaladood. Marka hore, Potters-ka ayaa loo habeeyey si ay u sameeyaan waxa loogu yeero tan iyo taarikada casaanka - taarikada dhoobada leh oo leh qaabab qalafiyo ah. Waxaa lagu sameeyay iyada oo loo adeegsanayo qaabab laga xardhay alwaax, oo si adag ugu xidhan tiro dhoobo dhoobo ah. (Digagadaha noocaas ah ee da 'dhexe ka mid ah waxay noqdeen beddel ku habboon wax ku ool ah kuwa wax dhisaya ee ku habboon beddelaad aad u sahlan oo ah dhagax aad u badan dhagax.) Markii dambe, noocyo kale oo la soo bixi karo ". Lakabka xalka "galaaska" ee gaarka ah waxaa lagu dabaqay dusha sare, kaas oo bixiyay dahaadh dhalaalaya ka dib, oo ku mahadsan yahay kuwaas oo magacooda ah (xusuusnow "Epic-ruushka"). Laakiin "Epoch ee Boqortooyada Cagaaran" waxay noqotay mid aad u gaaban.
Durba bilowgii qarnigii XVII. Masters Russia waxay bartaan soosaarka badan (waxa loogu yeero ansax) taayirrada. Teknolojiyadda wax soo saarkooda ayaa naga faafay annaga oo uga mahadcelinaya ABBOT Monasty Monasty ee Guryastery ee Valdai Nikonou. Wuxuu ku casuumay inuu qurxiyo dhismayaasha Gonchars Belarus ee ka cararay Rus-ka Liithuan. Walaalaha Slav waxay ogaayeen sida loo kariyo "waraabinta", oo ka dib markii ay rasaastu siiso dhaldhalaalka cad, buluug, jaale-jaalle ah, oo ka yimid awooddan ay ku qaateen ardayda Ruushka.
Rabitaankayaga dhexdooda, sayidka Stepan "ee naaneesaha" wuxuu u qalmaa caan gaar ah. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in uu yahay abuuraha nooc ka mid ah nooc asal ah oo ah tiirar qumman, kaas oo helay magac khaas ah: dabada daahirka).
Moniistery - macaamiisha qurxinta
Magaalada Moscow, markii ugu horreysay, dhoobada waraabka ee lagu qurxiyay macbudka midnimada ka mid ah ee Nicnics, oo laga dhisay 1635-kii, soosaarka ballaaran ee walxaha qurxinta ee noocaas ah ayaa laga soo qaatay 1670-meeyadii dekeda ee magaalada . Masruuf-xumada dhif ah ee dhismaha ee ku saabsan caasimadda ayaa la ilaaliyay - Pokrovsksky Cathedral ee Izlails, oo ah kaniisadda qadiimka ah ee ku taal Nikolskaya, oo ah kaniisadda joodameynta ee Nikolskaya, kaniisadda joodameynta ee 'Protkin'. Si kastaba ha noqotee, Inta ugu gaarka ah, oo aan lahayn anagagaga waa waxa loogu yeero TEremok.
Dhamaadka qarnigii XVII. Bangiyada wabiga Moscow, oo u dhow Mount Moniisada Novisssky, kabaha kaniisadaha iyo qolalka loogu talagalay kiniisadaha Kratysksky ayaa la dhisay. Ku dhowaad dhammaan dhismayaasha waxaa loo isticmaalaa halkan sida walxaha qurxinta, isku xidhka waraabinta, laakiin mid ka mid ah dhismayaasha ayaa wali taagan safkan. Qaab-dhismeedka odayaashii odayaasha laga dhisay albaabka hore - ee laga dhisayo albaabka sare ee Teremok, oo ay ku jiraan saqafyada salka ku haya - safka hore, sadarka ornalka, - daboolay rooga adag ee tiirarka. Ma jiraan wax naga mid ah, iyo waddamada kale ee Yurub ee aadan kulmi doonin.
Marka laga soo tago magaalooyin badan oo Ruush ah waxaa lagu magacaabi karaa dhismayaal xiiso leh, oo lagu qurxiyo tiirarka: yarostlavl, ryazan, ryazan, Clostychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychydovsk ... Thevychits u dhaw Moscow. Dhirta iyo ubaxyada joomatari, sawirrada lixda-geesood ee reer Seraphimov (abuurista dhammaan qurxinta qaniga ah ayaa durba ku hawlanaa biraha hore ee Stepan-ka). Mushaharka waraabka ee qurxinta qurxinta ee qurxinta macbudka sarakicidda, The Tower Tower, Skita ee Patiatch Nikon ayaa ka dalbaday abuurka mowduuca ee ku sugan abaabulka meelahaas oo taayirrada gaarka ah, kuwaas oo ka dib shaqada ka dib, ku ammaanay dalka oo dhan.
Kimisty-alchemy
Ka shaqeynta abuurista muraayadaha midabada leh waxay u baahan tahay aqoon ku saabsan sirta xirfadaha badan. In kasta oo aragtida ah ee farmashista, hannaanku aad ayuu u cad yahay: Halabuurka ku saleysan coball oxide wuxuu siinayaa, tusaale ahaan, markii uu kululeeyo dhaldhalaalka buluugga ah "si kastaba ha noqotee" cagaarka "si kastaba ha noqotee, nawaaxiga ayaa muhiim ah inta lagu gudajiro hawlgalka . Daqiiqo kasta oo dheeraad ah ee rasaasta, shahaado kasta oo dheeraad ah ayaa si weyn u beddeli kara hooska midabka goobta. Oo meesha ishana waa rebbbbles-yoolal-dhagaxyo, oo ah farshaxanyahankii hore ee laga helay baananka wabiyada, ka dibna waxay ku dhegaan budada - iyo qarsoodi adag. Waa kuwee dhagxaanta ee doorta calaamadaha?
Gaarmbarada aasaasiga ah ee macdanta ee maxalliga ahi aad ayey muhiim u tahay - dhoobada isku mid ah, kaas oo cajaladu ka muuqdo. Tusaale ahaan, ka koobankeeda kiimikada ee gobollada dhexe ee gobollada dhexe ayaa aad uga duwan "Glinga", oo ay u adeegsadeen sayidyada ka soo jeeda dhulka reer Russia. Natiijo ahaan, waxay noqotay: Haddii aadan qaadin khiyaanooyin dheeri ah, taarikada dhoobada ah ee "Aasiya", waxaa fiican inaad waraabiyo, oo siinta midab buluug ah iyo midab buluug ah, oo dhoobada buluugga ah ee loomuuqdo inay la shaqeeyaan ganun-ka cagaaran .
Foornada Ruushka, xir
Russia, muddo qarniyo badan, waxaa jiray qaab loogu talagalay isticmaalka taargooyinka khaladka xarrago leh ee lagu dhammeeyo foornooyinka.
Tixgalinta taayirrada chimney ee la ilaaliyay qarnigii XVII, waxaad arki kartaa qaabab kala duwan - sawirro muuqaal ah, oo ah madax-biyoodka 'Peter's Gsar, Peter's Gsar, Peter-ka, Peter Geter-ka, Peter Grade ". Horaa loo ahaa mid dhaqameed ku ah Ruushka, maitoliki-ka-dheer ee Ruushka ah kuma dhiirrigeliyo isaga, sidaa darteedna waa la soo saaray, haddana waxaa jira taayirrada chimney kaliya "marka loo eego muunadaha kafateeriyada yurub" - oo leh wajiga jilicsan ee lagu daboolay a rinjiyeynta sheekada, oo lagu sameeyay qorshe midab oo aad u jilicsan. Si loo ogaado siidaynta waxyaabaha noocaas ah, Emperor xitaa wuxuu ku amray inuu ku xirmo kiiska labada nin ee iswiidhishka ah ee la qaaday oo la qabtay intii lagu jiray olole militari. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxay noqotay waxoogaa reer Scandinavian ah. Waa inaan dirno dhowr ka mid ah himilooyinkeena kartida leh ee barashada si aan u aado Holland.
Biyo-jeexjeexyada muraayadaha badan ee qoryaha badan ee guryaha Ruushka ee XVIII - Malaha ma ahan si qurux badan, sida qiimaha hore, laakiin waa la aqrin karaa ". Square iyo the theres-ka dhoobada ah ayaa inta badan lagu daboolaa cad cad, iyo muuqaalka "cawska kala duwan iyo nooc kasta oo noocyo ah oo bini-aadam ah, xayawaanka iyo noocyada shimbiraha" waxaa lagu muujiyey buluug. Waxa aan ahayn halkan! Jilayaasha cajiibka ah: Unicorn, shimbiraha Sirin, oo ah faras baalasheeda; Xayawaanka, runtii jira: crans, orso, maroodiga qalaad iyo libaax; Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaad kula kulmi kartaa sawirro muuqaal ah: maraakiibta badda, dhismayaasha, buuraha ...
Fashionted wuxuu ahaa "TAPS" iyo "dabeecadda aadanaha". Maqaarka sawirrada, farshaxan yahannada ayaa si taxaddar leh looga soo daayay shakhsiyaadka, tirooyinka, faahfaahinta dharka iyo hubka. Taargooyin badan oo ay ka kooban yihiin muuqaal ah muuqaallo kala duwan oo nolosha ah, mararka qaarkoodna leh qosol, faallo qoraal ah oo faallo ah. Halkan, tusaale ahaan, saxiix ku hooseysa sawirka qofka kalluumaysiga: "Vasska, Tashchi Soma! "Sidaas darteed isagu ma i dhibay!". Waxaa loo baahan yahay baahi weyn oo loogu talagalay noocyada nasashada rinji ee loogu talagalay dadka dibedda ah. Mid kasta oo nooca 'Etlet' ah "Ettiographic" ee hoos timaada sawirka qofka, sayidku wuxuu sameeyay qoraal sharraxaad ah: "Cavalier Gissepansky", "ayuu" Cavasian Ms "", "Ganacsade Shiinaha" ...