Umubiri w'umuntu ni uwuhe? Inzego z'imbere n'inyuma, amazi - twese twize kumasomo yishuri anatomy. Ikindi gice cy'umubiri ni ubwinshi bwa mikorobe itera microbiota - "Umunyamahanga" bagiteri mu mubiri wacu, mu gihe bagumye ku rupapuro, badufasha kugira ubuzima bwiza. Umubiri wumuntu urimo Trillionie yingirabuzimafatizo zihariye - ibintu bito byubaka byegeranijwe hamwe kugirango ukomeze iterambere n'imikorere yumubiri. Ariko selile zabantu ntabwo ari "ibikoresho byonyine", imibiri yacu igizwe. Mubyukuri, tuba muri symbiose hamwe na mikorori ya tiriyation. Nibo kuri bo tuzakubwira uyu munsi.
Igitekerezo cyabahanga kuriyi konti
Abashakashatsi bamaze igihe kinini baganiriye ku kigereranyo cya kilometero ya selile na mikorobe mu mubiri ugereranije. ISUZUMA RYO, ariko ubushakashatsi bwa nyuma bweguriwe kwiga iki kibazo, byagaragaye muri soologiya ya PLOS muri 2016, byerekana ko dufite mu mubiri no ku mubiri hafi mikorobe ya muntu nka selile. Usibye bagiteri na virusi, iyi mikorobe ikubiyemo intwaro, ibinyabuzima byambere bidafite ishingiro, na Eukaria, andika hamwe na chroyomes arinda chromosomes. Bose hamwe bagize microbiotes zitandukanye: abaturage ba mikorori bahari ahantu hatandukanye kumubiri wumuntu cyangwa mumubiri wacyo.
Ubusumbane bwa bagiteri mumubiri bitera ihohoterwa
Ifoto: Ibisobanuro.com.
Impamvu bagiteri zifite akamaro mubuzima
Microbiotes zitandukanye ni microbisi yumuntu: guhuza mikoromomu ya momine igera kumubiri wumuntu. Ibikubiye muri mikorobe mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri bigira uruhare rukomeye mu kubungabunga ubuzima bwacu - nubwo ari ngombwa ko ibi ari ngombwa ko umubare utandukanye wa bagiteri, ibihumyo byagumye ku rupapuro. Iyo iyi mpirimbanyi irenze kandi, kurugero, ubwoko bumwe bwa bagiteri bwatoranijwe hejuru, irashobora kuganisha ku kwandura nibindi bibazo byubuzima. Iyi mikorere isobanura ibinyabuzima bitandukanye aba mu mara, umunwa, igituba na nyababyeyi, imboro, uruhu, amaso n'ibihaha.
Ibidukikije
Uburyo bwaganiriye cyane bwo gukoloniza mikorobe, cyane cyane bagiteri, ni amara y'umuntu. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko agace ka Gastrointestinal by'umuntu urimo "icyegeranyo cya bagiteri kinini, archey na Eukaryot", bigira uruhare runini mu nzego zo mu ntera, gufasha gushyigikira ubuzima bw'agatsiko k'ububiko bw'imikino. Inyigisho zerekanye kandi ko bagiteri zo munda zoroshya umubano hagati yira hamwe nubwonko mugusabana na sisitemu yo guhagarika amazu nubundi buryo bushobora kuba hormonal cyangwa imbibi. Ubwoko bwingenzi bwa bagiteri mumara nibihebuje na bagiteri, bigizwe na 90% microbiotes. Ibindi ni Actinobacteria, Protebiobiteria, FusbaCtoa na verruchinduro. Harimo amatsinda ya bagiteri umenyere cyangwa kubyara mu nyungu, nka lactobacillus, azwiho ingaruka nziza kubuzima. Uru rutonde, ariko, ntabwo rwuzuye. Nk'uko amakuru yakusanyijwe, hari amoko agera kuri 2172 ya bagiteri mu gitabo gishinzwe gastrointestinal.
Izindi mikorobe ziboneka mumara ni virusi, ariko ntabwo ariba itera indwara. Ubu bwoko, bwitwa "bagiteri" - Mubisanzwe, abarya bagiteri - zifasha gukomeza gushyira mu gaciro microbial dufata ibikorwa byimbere bya bagiteri. Bagiteri "bagize umubare munini w'ibice byinshi bya virusi bya Microbioma," kandi abashakashatsi bavuga ko igice cy'uruhare rwabo ari kwanduza bagiteri zimwe na zimwe zirinda imishinga myiza ya mikorobe mu mara. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ibyinshi muribi bikomeza kumvikana nabi.
Mikorobe mu kanwa
Nko mu mara, umunwa urimo kandi bagiteri nyinshi zikenewe ku nzu ya Homestasis. "Microorganis nyinshi irahari mu cyuho. Muri rusange, kandi, nkuko bigaragara, byibasiwe n'ingaruka z'ibidukikije, "sobanura abanditsi b'Isubiramo ryasohotse mu kinyamakuru Rahology Oransal na Maxillofacial Pathology muri 2019. Bakomeje, babonye ko "ubuso butandukanye mu kanwa bukolonizwa ahanini na bagiteri mu munwa," bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ubuso, aho, ururimi cyangwa amenyo cyangwa amenyo cyangwa amenyo cyangwa amenyo cyangwa amenyo cyangwa amenyo cyangwa amenyo cyangwa amenyo cyangwa amenyo cyangwa amenyo cyangwa amenyo. Microbiota yo mu kanwa kirimo ubwoko 12 bwa bagiteri - Fyoriate, Fusbacteria, Protechaexia, VisibobaCrezie, Acteroishia na GraciraCacteria na Gracibteria - hamwe n'amoko menshi yitwa cyangwa atavuzwe. Ariko umunwa kandi uherereye andi mishinga, ni ukuvuga ibintu byoroshye, bikunze kugaragara kuri estamoeba ringivalis na trichomon unax, kimwe nibihumyo na virusi. Mu kayira kanwa hari generation y'ibihumyo 85, harimo na Calta, Cladosporium, Aureoboritium, Sachamycetales, Aspergills, Fuswarius na Crisarium na Cryptococcus. Abanditsi bo mu 2019 basuzumye bati: "[Microbiota wo mu kanwa] bigira uruhare rukomeye mu kubungabunga urugo rukomeye rw'urugo rw'umunwa, kurengera umwobo wo mu kanwa no gukumira imigezi y'indwara," Kurinda Iterambere ry'indwara. "
Urwenya rwa Urourotant y'abagore
Igitsina n'inzira y'inkari nayo irimo umubare munini wa mikorobe. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko mu gitsina "bagiteri cyiganje", nubwo bagiteri kandi ni ikihe kintu atari cyoroshye gusubiza. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekana ko umubare w'abaturage bagi bagiteri udashobora guhinda uhindagurika mu byiciro bitandukanye by'imihango, ariko nanone biratandukanye mubantu b'amoko atandukanye. Bamwe amoko bacteria byagaragajwe mu canal gitsina harimo Lactobacilli, Prevotella, Dialister, Gardnerella, Megasphara, Eggerthella na Aerococcus. PNAS isuzuma iti: "Microbiota Umuntu wa muntu ugira uruhare runini mu gukumira indwara nyinshi za urwero, nk'indwara za bagiteri, indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, indwara z'imibonano mpuzabitsina, indwara yanduye." Niyo mpamvu abahanga batanga inama yo kwerekana ubwitonzi bukabije iyo bigeze ku isuku yimbitse: Ibicuruzwa byinshi birashobora gusenya impirimbanyi zinanutse muri kano karere. Abaganga baragusaba koza imyanya ndangagitsina hanze y'amazi idafite isabune inshuro nyinshi kumunsi, cyangwa koresha uburyo hamwe na acide nkeya.
Kubyerekeye bagiteri mumirongo iracyari byinshi
Ifoto: Ibisobanuro.com.
Byongeye kandi, bike bizwi kuri microbiota ya nyababyeyi. Abahanga batangiye kwiga iki kibazo vuba aha. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekanye ko lactobacillus na flavobacterium byagaragaye kuba bagiteri rusanzwe muri nyababyeyi, utitaye ko umugore atwite. Bike birazwi kuri microbaety yuruhago rwumugore na urethra. Mu bushakashatsi bwasohotse mu gitekerezo kiri muri UWOLORY Muri 2017, haravugwa ko "umubare munini w'ikigero cy'ubuzima bw'intiza zakozwe nta bumenyi cyangwa kuri meteryi ari inkari." Nyuma yinyigisho ziheruka, byagaragaye ko ubwoko bwa bagiteri bwabakobwa muri urethra ni lactobacill, bukurikirwa na garnerella, corynebacterium, streptoterium, streptococcus na staphylococcus. Abanditsi b'uburambe bumwe bashyize ahagaragara hypothesis abaturage ba bagiteri bafite agace k'abagore bo hasi bashobora gutandukana bitewe n'imyaka, urwego rw'imibonano mpuzabitsina kandi niba umuntu yinjiye mu icumba cyangwa atari byo.
Urwenya rwa Urogenital
Niba abashakashatsi bagifite bike kuri microbiota yo mu turere twa Urourotant y'abagore, basa nkaho batazi na gato kuri izo bagiteri zihari mu karere k'u'urwenya. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwakozwe muri 2010 bwerekanye itandukaniro mumiryango ya Microbial mugihe cyo gukebwa ugereranije nimboro zitakebwe mumico yigenga yubushakashatsi. By'umwihariko, bagiteri ya clostridiale umuryango na prevotelaceae baje guhura cyane nabanyemana bahuje ibitana. Abanditsi b'ikinyamakuru bavuze ko itandukaniro nk'iryo rishobora kugira uruhare mu gutwikwa no guhura nanduye. Dr. Cindy liu mu kiganiro yagize ati: "Mu bagabo badahingwa, barenga cyane dick yimibonano mpuzabitsina, kandi ubwoko bwa bagiteri nabwo buratandukanye cyane."
Ku ruhu
Nko mu mara, uruhu rwabantu rurimo bagiteri nyinshi n'ibihumyo. Mu isubiramo ryasohotse mu kinyamakuru Kamere Isubiramo Microbiology muri 2018, irasobanurwa ko abaturage ba bagiteri zitandukanye mu turere twuruhu, ndetse nibiterwa nibintu byinshi, nkubuntu bwamavuta karemano cyangwa Sebum. Dukurikije isubiramo, "Uturere twibanze cyane twiganje, mu gihe bagiteri itera imbere ahantu hatose, nka corynebaCecium na CorynebaCerium na ParknebaCherimium, harimo cyane cyane mu turere dutose, harimo n'inkoni."
Microorganisms zisanzwe kuruhu rwabantu ni bagiteri, kandi byibuze byibuze ni ibihumyo. Nk'uko abashakashatsi bavuga ko mu mubiri wose no ku ruhu rw'amaboko, ibihumyo, Ururimi rwa Malassezia ni rusange. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, guhuza na malassezia, aspergillus, Cortptococccus, Rhodtococula na Epicoctum, nibindi byinshi ku ruhu rw'amaguru.
Bagiteri kuruhu irashobora kubuza kwinjira muri mikorobe ya pathogenic hamwe niterambere ryindwara, bitewe nubukoloni bwiganjemo. Nkuko abanditsi b'ubushakashatsi banditse bati: "Imikoranire hagati y'abanyamuryango ba Microbiota, yombi igira umuryango uturamo, kandi wirinde ubukoloni hamwe na bagiteri ya patogenic muri icyo gikorwa, yirinde ubukoloni hamwe na bagiteri ya patogenic muri icyo gikorwa, yirinde ubukoloni hamwe na bagiteri ya patogenic muri icyo gikorwa, yirinde ubukoloni hamwe na bagiteri ya patogenic muri icyo gikorwa, yirinde ko bagiteri ya patogenic muri icyo gikorwa, cyitwa" Guhangana kw'Abakoloni ". Mubihe bimwe, birakomeza, - Bagiteri mubisanzwe ni ingirakamaro kuri ba nyirazo zishobora guhinduka pathogenic. Indwara nyinshi zisanzwe zuruhu zifitanye isano nimpinduka muri microbiota, zitwa dysbiose.
Mu bihaha
Dukunze gutekereza kuri bagiteri mubihaha gusa murwego rwindwara zubuhumekero. Ariko, bagiteri zihari mubihaha bizima. Bumwe mu bwoko bwa bagiteri busanzwe mu bihaha bizima - Forticutes, bacteriodetes, bagiteri, Protebiteria, FyobaCteria na ActinobaCrezia, ukurikije isubiramo kuva 2017. Iyo impirimbanyi zoroheje zabaturage ba bagiteri mu bihaha rirasenyutse, rirashobora kuganisha ku iterambere ry'indwara nk'indwara zibangarane n'indwara zidakira. Urugero, hamwe na asima, umubare wa bagiteri Haemofilis na Nesaseria uriyongera, kandi ingano ya prevotella na Veillonella iragabanuka. Ibi byemeza hypothesis ko microbioma ibihaha Dysbioma ishobora kuba impamvu nyamukuru itera asima. Ikipe yatanze isubiramo rya 2017 ishimangira gukomeza kwiga uburyo bujyanye na microbiota bushobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bw'ibihaha, butuma "ubushakashatsi bw'ejo hazaza bugomba kuzirikana imikoranire igoye hagati ya bagiteri, virusi n'ibihumyo."
Microbis y'umuntu ni sisitemu igoye, kandi abashakashatsi bakomeje kwiga byinshi ku ruhare rwe rukomeye mu buzima bwa muntu n'indwara. Mu bihe biri imbere, abahanga bashaka kwibira cyane mu nzoga z'iyi microcosm.