Kodi thupi la munthu ndi chiyani? Ziwalo zamkati ndi zakunja, timadzi - tonsefe timaphunzira pa maphunziro a sukulu. Hafu ina ya thupi ndi kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga macrobita - "alendo" mabakiteriya m'thupi lathu, omwe, atakhalabe athanzi. Thupi laumunthu lili ndi maselo wamba - mabatani omanga ang'onoang'ono omwe amasonkhanitsidwa pamodzi kuti apitirize kukula ndikugwira ntchito kwa thupi. Koma maselo aumunthu si "zida" zokha, zomwe matupi athu amakhala nawo. M'malo mwake, timakhala momveka bwino ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Zili za iwo kuti tikuuzani lero.
Maganizo a asayansi chifukwa cha nkhaniyi
Ofufuzawo akambirana kale za kuchuluka kwa maselo a anthu ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono mthupi. Maganizo amatuluka, koma pophunzira komaliza odzipereka pophunzira za magaziniyi, zomwe zimapezeka ku Plos Biology mu 2016, zikuwonetsa kuti tili ndi ma cell ambiri ngati maselo ambiri ngati ma cell. Kuphatikiza pa mabakiteriya ndi ma virus, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, timenezi ndi olemekezeka, zoyambira zakale, komanso Eukaria, lembani ndi maziko omwe amateteza ma chromosomes ake. Onse pamodzi amapanga ma microbation osiyanasiyana: Madera amicroorganisms omwe amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana pa thupi la munthu kapena thupi lake.
Kuperewera kwa mabakiteriya mthupi kumayambitsa kuphwanya
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Chifukwa Chake Mabakiteriya Ndi Ofunika Kwambiri Thanzi
Ma Microbes osiyanasiyana ndi a Microbis ya munthu: kuphatikiza kwa magulu a tizilombo kumafalikira m'thupi lonse. Kuchulukitsa kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana timathandizanso kukhala ndi thanzi labwinobwino - ngakhale kuli kofunikira kuti chiwerengero cha mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana ndi chofunikira kuti chiwerengero cha mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana chikhalepo pa pepala loyenerera. Izi zikaphwanyidwa, mwachitsanzo, mtundu umodzi wa mabakiteriya womwe wasankhidwa mopitilira, pamatha kubweretsa matenda ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo. Izi zimalongosola zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala m'matumbo, pakamwa, nyini ndi chiberekero, mbolo, khungu, maso ndi mapapu.
Malo okhala
Singapakati kwambiri kuti atumizidwe kutchinga kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, makamaka mabakiteriya, ndiye matumbo a munthu. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti m'mimba mwa munthu ali ndi "gawo la mabakiteriya, anyaniwo anyani, omwe ali ndi gawo lofunikira m'matumbo a Colostasis, kuthandiza kuchirikiza thanzi la m'mimba. Kafukufuku adawonetsanso mabakiteriya omwe amafewetsa zibwenzi pakati pamatumbo ndi ubongo mwa kucheza ndi matumbo amanjenje ndi njira zina zomwe zingakhale mahomoni kapena zinthu zina. Mitundu yayikulu yamatombiri m'matumbo ndi okhazikika ndi bacriteidete, omwe amapanga mabotiboration 90%. Zina ndi Actinobacteria, Maroteteriteria, Fusabacteruaa ndi verrucrodia. Izi zimaphatikizapo magulu ena odziwika bwino omwe ali ndi bongo kapena kubadwa kuchokera kwa mtundu wamphamvu, monga Lactobaclus, omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino. Komabe, tsambali silotopetsa. Malinga ndi deta, pali mitundu ya mabakiteriya 2172 ya mabakiteriya m'mimba thirakiti.
Microorganism ina yomwe ilipo m'matumbo ndi ma virus, koma osati omwe nthawi zambiri amayambitsa matenda. Mtundu uwu, wotchedwa batteopagehage "- kwenikweni, okonda mabakiteriya - omwe amathandizira kukhazikitsa macrobial polanda zochitika za mabakiteriya. Bacteriophage "amapanga zambiri za umphawi wa virussiama," ndipo ofufuza amati gawo lawolo ndi gawo la ntchito yawo ndikuthandizira mabakiteriya ena kuti ateteze microorganism yomwe ili m'matumbo. Komabe, ambiri a iwo amamveka bwino.
Microorganisms mkamwa
Monga m'matumbo, pakamwa palinso mabakiti ambiri ofunikira kwa hostostasis. "Microorganis yosiyanasiyana imakhala yopanda mkamwa. Zimakhala zolumikizana koma, monga zikuwonekeratu zomwe zikuwoneka bwino, "Fotokozerani kuti olembawo adasindikizidwa mu Journal ya pakamwa ndi maxillofacial matenda mu 2019. Amapitilizabe, osadziwa kuti "malo osiyanasiyana mkamwa amalowa makamaka ndi mabakiteriya amkamwa," kutengera mtundu wa pamlomo, "kutengera mtundu wa pansi, komwe amathira, mwachitsanzo, maliseche kapena mano. Microblea ya mkamwa muli ndi mitundu 12 yamabakiteriya - okhazikika, fustebobiteria, syrtealiste, ma syrtelgtete, mitundu ingapo yotchulidwa kapena yosatchulidwa. Koma pakamwa kumapezekanso ena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe ndi ofala kwambiri, omwe ndi a bungwe la agalumodeba ndi trichomonis tenax, komanso bowa ndi ma vishot. Mumkamwa pakamwa pali 85 Geashmports, kuphatikizapo Candaida, cladolosporium, areyobusium, saccharomyces, fusarium ndi cryptococcus. "[Microblea of the Pakele] imagwiranso ntchito yokhazikika posunga homestasis pakamwa, kuteteza kwa mkamwa ndi kupewa matenda a 2019.
Akazi a urogenitale
Mitundu ndi njira zamkodzo zimakhalanso ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti mu nyini "mabakiteriya", ngakhale mabakiteriya okha, ndipo ndizanji mayankho osavuta kuyankha. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu okonda kubayidwa mu nyini sikungavute kumangosinthanitsa magawo osiyanasiyana osamba, komanso amasiyananso anthu amitundu ndi mafuko osiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi vuto la utoto limaphatikiza lacbobacli, prevotella, disporla, megasnerella, megasnerara, Eggertera, Egertella ndi Aerococcus ndi Aerococcus. "Matenda a microbitanda amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popewa matenda angapo a urogeniosis, monga bacteria vaginosis, matenda a yisiti, matenda opatsirana pogonana, matenda am'mimba," akutero PIV. Ndiye chifukwa chake akatswiri amalangiza kuti azichenjezani kwambiri pankhani yaukhondo: Zinthu zambiri zimatha kuwononga bwino bac bac paderali. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kutsuka ofatsa zakunja ndi madzi osadzipatula pa tsiku, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njirayo ndi sing'anga pang'ono acidious.
Pafupifupi mabakiteriya mumtundu wamitundu yosadziwika
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Kuphatikiza apo, zochepa zimadziwika za macrobitasta a chiberekero. Asayansi adayamba kuphunzira nkhaniyi posachedwapa. Kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuti lactobactillus ndi flavobacterium idakhala mabakiteriya ofala kwambiri mu chiberekero, ngakhale mkaziyo ali ndi pakati. Palibe nthawi yodziwika bwino pankhani yachilengedwe ya chingalawa chachikazi ndi urethra. Mu kafukufuku yemwe amafalitsidwa m'malingaliro aposachedwa mu Urology mu 2017, akuti maphunziro azaumoyo a mkodzo adachitika popanda chidziwitso kapena kuthira microboutA. " Pambuyo pa maphunziro aposachedwa, zidapezeka kuti mitundu yodziwika bwino ya mabakiteriya ya akazi a murethra ndi Lactobaclus, wotsatiridwa ndi Brovenerella, Corynebactus, straphcocckus, staphylococcus. Olemba anzawo omwe adakumana nawo adayika malingaliro omwe amabatizidwa ndi bakiteririter thirakitala yazamkodzo amatha kutengera zaka, kaya munthu wayamba kubereka kapena ayi.
Zolemba za Amuna
Ngati ofufuza akadali ndi zochepa chabe za machorbota a madera a nsomba za irogenionital's inogenions mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka kudera la amuna omwe amapezeka ku Amuna a Urogenital. Kafukufuku wina yemwe adachitika mu 2010 adawululira kusiyana pakati pa micorus pamayendedwe odulidwa poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe osadulidwa m'makhalidwe omwe amaphunzira pawokha. Makamaka, mabakiteriya a adostrididiales banja ndi prevotecelaceae unapezeka kuti anali wofala kwambiri pazinthu zopanda malizi. Olemba nyuzipepala adalemba kuti kusiyana koteroko kumatha kuchita nawo kupatuka kwa matenda. "Mwa amuna omwe sanawonongeke, mabakiteya ambiri okhudzana ndi chiwerewere, ndipo mitundu ya mabakiteriya imasiyananso kwambiri," inatero Dr. Cindy Liu akugwera pakuyankhulana.
Pakhungu
Monga m'matumbo, khungu laumunthu lili ndi mabakiteriya ambiri ndi bowa. Kubwereza kwa magazini kuwunika kwa chikhalidwe cha Microbiology mu 2018, akufotokozedwa kuti kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya kumasiyana kwambiri m'maiko a pakhungu, monga chinyezi cha khungu komanso kuchuluka kwa mafuta achilengedwe kapena sebum. Malinga ndi kuwunikanso, "pulopriquibactibucterium yomwe imatchuka kwambiri imakhala yokhazikika m'malo onyowa, monga staphylococckus ndi ma corrynebaccus ndi corrynebacterium, inkachulukanso m'malo onyowa, kuphatikizapo makilomita ambiri."
Ma tizilombo ofala kwambiri pakhungu lamunthu ndi mabakiteriya, ndipo chofala ndi bowa. Malinga ndi ofufuza, thupi lonse ndi pakhungu la manja, bowa mtundu wa Malasseria ndiye omwe amafala kwambiri. M'malo mwake, kuphatikiza kwa Malasssia, asrpilkoccus, cryptococcus, rhodotorolala, a Epivocc, pakati pa ena, makamaka pakhungu la miyendo.
Mabakiteriya pakhungu amatha kulolera kuletsa kulowa kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso kukula kwa matenda, kutengera komwe madera omwe amalamulidwa. Monga momwe olembawo amalembera kuti: "Kuyankhulidwa pakati pa mamembala a macrobouta, onse awiriwa amakhala ndi microber, komanso kupewa kutchingira mabakiteriya omwe ali pathogogenic munjirayo. Panthawi zina, akupitiliza, - mabakiteriya omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala othandiza chifukwa cha omwe ali nawo amatha kukhala pathogenic. Matenda ambiri a pakhungu amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa macrobitaa, omwe amatchedwa dysbiosis.
M'mapapu
Nthawi zambiri timaganizira za mabakiteriya m'mapapu okhaokha poyerekeza matenda opumira. Komabe, mabakiteriya amapezeka m'mapapu athanzi. Zina mwazipatso zodziwika bwino kwambiri m'mapapu athanzi - okhazikika, bacteriodetes, mapuloboboctetes, fussubacteacteria ndi Actinobacteria ndi Actinobacteria, malinga ndi kuwunika kuyambira pa 2017. Ngati kuchuluka kwa malo ogulitsa mapangidwe m'mapapu athyoledwa, kumatha kubweretsa kukula kwa matenda monga mphumu komanso matenda osokoneza a m'mapapo. Mwachitsanzo, ndi mphumu, kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya haemophilus ndi neusseria kumawonjezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa prevotella ndi Vealnonalla kumachepa. Izi zimatsimikizira malingaliro omwe a Valrooma dysbioma amatha kukhala chifukwa chachikulu cha mphumu. Gulu lomwe linapereka ndemanga ya 2017 likugogomezera kufunika kophunzira njira zokhudzana ndi macrobitambo omwe angachikhudze thanzi la mabizinesi, ndikuwona kuti "maphunziro amtsogolo ayenera kuganizira zomwe zimachitika pakati pa mabakiteriya, ma virus."
Microsis yamunthu ndi dongosolo lovuta, ndipo ofufuza akupitilizabe kuphunzira zambiri za udindo wake thanzi komanso matenda ake. M'tsogolomu, asayansi akufuna kulowa pansi mwakuya mu zingwe za microcosm iyi.