Tsatirani pamasewera-chic palibe chaka choyamba. Kumbukirani kuti, titaloledwa kuvala zovala zosemphana ndi madiso, ndipo zisanachitike ngati nsapato zokopa. Tsopano kusinthika kotereku kukukumana ndi chikwama - chimodzi mwazomwe zili bwino. Tiyeni titsatire njira yomwe anadutsamo komanso anali ndi mafashoni bwanji.
Mwina, pali kanthu kakang'ono kodzitamandira kwa m'badwo woopsa kwambiri, ndipo pankhani ya chikwama chokwanira: mu 1991, ku Siemilaun ku Alps, alendo awiri aku Germany adapeza mayi wa munthu wa Turrolean. Zinthu zake zonse, kuphatikizapo mafupa a Oshestn, amasungidwa bwino pansi pa makulidwe a ayezi. Ofufuzawo adawona kuti mwini SKARBA adaphedwa pafupifupi 3300 BC, kuti thonje lake la umphawi lero ndi lopitilira zaka 5,000. Asayansi amathandizanso kusintha kosavuta kumeneku kuchokera ku maofesi angapo ndi chikwama cha zikopa - tsopano kumawonetsedwa mu malo osungirako zinthu zakale ku Gertmund.
Pamapewa amuna, chikwama ichi sichinali bwino. Poyamba, inali yolimba pansi kotero kuti gawo logwira ntchito lomwe linapatsidwa - kukhala osaka, abusa kapena amalonda. Chifukwa chake zinthu zofunika kuvala ndi zosavuta. Mapangidwe osavuta awa adapezeka kuti ndi ofunikira kwambiri ndipo adagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mu Russian kumpoto, amphaka owala ndi zingwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'mizere yapakati - Thupi lokhotakhota bowa ndi zipatso. Mapiko ofanana ku Siberia amagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka pano. Mabasiketi a ku Englimen ku Europe anali atapachikika kumbuyo kuti akagwire ntchito. Ku Germany ndi France, katundu wonyamula katundu pa mafelemu a mitengo ya XVIII. Chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kunena kuti anthu ena adayamba kuvala zinthu kuseri kwa mapewa - aliyense adapanga mitundu yawo.
Nkhondo
Pambuyo pake, m'zaka zankhondo zogwira ntchito yankhondo yogwira, chikwamacho chinawoneka mu gulu lankhondo la Roma ndi Preights-templar, ndipo mwa njira yosinthira: Mwa ma templar adayimiranso mawonekedwe omwe amapangidwa ndi nkhuni.
Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, Amwenye aku North America adawonetsa luso lambiri: thumba lawo linali bolodi, lomwe lidalumikizidwa kumbuyo kwake ndi mapewa ake ndi misempha yake ndi mitsuko pamphumi. Zotsatira zake, katunduyo adagawidwa mopitilira, ndipo kapangidwe kotere komwe kuloledwa kunyamula katundu wolemera kwambiri, komwe kunali kothandiza pa kusaka, ndi chibwana.
Ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale, zinthu zamatabwa komanso zachikopa zidasinthidwa ndi zitsulo ndi nsalu.
Chithunzi: Instagram.com/stradivarius.
Koma kwanthawi zonse ndi mapewa a asirikali, zowonjezera izi sizidzapita kulikonse, ndipo zidadziwika kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XIX. Nthawi imeneyo inali yochokera m'matumba osiyanasiyana okhomeredwa. Mosiyana ndi chikwama chathu chanthawi zonse, adanyamula pambali. Komabe, zaka zochepa zomwe zidadziwika kuti matumba oterewa anali osavuta panthawi yomenya ndege. Ndinayenera kuyang'ana njira ina. Chifukwa chake, pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, chikwama cha mafakitale choperekedwa ndi aku America chinayamba kufalikira ku Europe. Amakhala ndi zinthu, zinthu zaukhondo, mbale, zofunda, zouma. Aviator anali ndi parachute pamenepo.
Masewera, ndiwe dziko!
Nkhondo itatha, chiphunzitsochi chinali chiwerengero cha osewera ndi alendo. Okwera oyamba adagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yankhondo m'makampeni awo. Choyamba, mapangidwe ake anali oyambira - thumba losavuta lodulidwa ndi chingwe chojambulidwa ku ngodya pansi. Pamwambapa anali kupita kukachita zolimbitsa thupi.
Koma kupita patsogolo sikunaime. Chifukwa chake, mu 1908, Norfewec Ola Bergn adabwera ndi chikwama chochita makina. Kupangidwa kumeneku kumamupangitsa kuti asakhale osavutawo, omwe adakumana nawo ponyamula zida ndi masewera nthawi ya kusaka - katundu adagwera kumbuyo, ndikupweteketsa. O, kamodzi oletsani nthambi ya Juniiper mkati mwa thumba, ndikupanga mawonekedwe a chimango. Iye anali ndi utoto mu 1909. A Bergans adayamba kukhala wopanga matumba oyendetsa.
Komabe, patapita zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu, patent adatha, ndipo mabataniwo omasuka amabalalika padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo opanga atsopano adapitiliza kuwasintha ndikuwasintha. Njira yochitira zinthu zina za chisinthiko zinatsegulira zatsopano ndi matekinoloje. Chifukwa chake, mkulu wa ku American Veteran Gerald Canningm mu 1938 adabwera kudzagwiritsa ntchito mphezi. Wothamanga woyenera kuloledwa kusintha mawonekedwe a chikwama, moyenera bwino kulemera.
Wolemba lamba wachiuno, atanyamula gawo la katundu m'chiuno, anayamba alendo a Seck Kelty mu 1951. Lingaliro lidabwera pomwe adayika mwangozi mapazi a chimango kumbuyo kwa thalauza ndikuzindikira kuti kunali kosavuta kwambiri kuvala. Zida Zokopa alendo, adapeza m'masitolo a zida zakale zankhondo. Kumeneko, popeza nsalu yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, nsalu zambiri zonyamula parachute zinangokhala - Nylon, yemwe anali wopanda nkhawa ku America nthawi yomweyo anasintha tarpaulin mosavuta. Mu 1952, Kelty adapanga kampani yopanga zida. Ndi zikwama za kampani iyi mu 1963, Everest adagonjetsa gulu la okwera madrenfun ndi Jim White.
Koma bankpicks amakhala pamasewera amodzi. Matembenuzidwe akumata am'mizindawo adagawidwa kunsiro. Pakati paunyamata anachita mafashoni a mitundu yokongola yopanda mafuta. Kenako zomwe zinachitikira adagwira ana asukulu. Poyamba adapita ku maphunziro omwe ali ndi zikwangwani, kenako adaperekedwa ndi mitundu yochokera ku nsalu yopanga ndi Clasp.
Chithunzi: Instagram.com/bershkacollellellection
Fenung
M'dziko lathuli, mabuku oyambilira adayamba kubala makumi atatu. Awa anali matumba opanda mawonekedwe omwe amadziwika ndi anthu. Komabe, mosasamala kwambiri, iwo, komabe, adapulumuka kwambiri ndipo adakhalabe munthawi ya dac.
Robcake wa Abalakova, adapanga zamasewera akusewera ndikukwera, otchedwa dzina lake - otchuka a Soviet Afalakova, adabwera kudzalowa m'malo mwa mpira. Vitatary Mikhailovich amagwira ntchito yopanga ku Moscow Institute of Visi ndipo woyamba adakwera chiphunzitso cha Chikominisi. "Abelak" anali abwino, koma anali ndi zophophonya: sizinathe kuchitira zinthu zokwanira, zomwe zidaledzera mumvula ndikukhala "wozizira". Atsogoleri a Alpinists adayenera kukana zowawa.
Mwamwayi, alendo a Soviet anali malingaliro akulu komanso panthawi yochepa, matumba ochokera kwa bwenzi anali amafananapo: Chifukwa chake, pochita nawo ntchito yolumikizidwa ndi machubu a aluminium.
Mafunde andewu
Chisangalalo Chozungulira Chimenechi Chadziko Lapansi Choyamba chachitika mu 1984, pomwe Wopanga Novice Mach Chema adapereka kutanthauzira kwake chakuda nylon ndi logo yamiyala. Icho chinali kuyesa koyamba kudziwa tsoka la zowonjezerazi, zomwe posakhalitsa zidakhala chizindikiro kuchokera ku misonkhano. Chikwama cham'mbuyo chinali mibadwo yofunika kwambiri ya "m'badwo wa Nirvana" womwe umadana ndi mafashoni. Wophatikiza mochenjera nang'amba ngamira, unyamata wamapeto a mandirezana ndi kuyamba kwa makumi asanu ndi pomwe adalipanga basa lake.
Chithunzi: Instagram.com/ Nontoverpor21
M'mbuyomu, akadakhala, koma mafashoni amakumbukira chikwama chosavuta kwa nyengo zingapo. Zolemba zakale zidawonetsedwa mu podium yambiri. Louis Vuitton adadzipereka kuti azivala ndi malaya ovala komanso mathalauza akhungu, ndi thukuta lotentha, komanso siketi, ndi njoka, ndi sharn . Gulu lankhondo la anthu opanga zida zidayimitsa mphamvu zake zonse kuti atembenuza mbiri ya zopezekazo pazotengera ndikuzisintha kukhala tsatanetsatane wa zovala. Mothandizidwa ndi zosindikiza, mikwingwirima ndi nyali, adakakamiza atsikana kuti ayambe kukondana ndi mabanki ndikuyamba kuwavala zovala.
Zomwe sizimayenda: Denim, Suede, velvet ngakhale khungu la umbale. Chifukwa chake, mtundu wa mtundu wozungulira wa mtundu wodekha umakhala bwino mu mawonekedwe osavomerezeka, ndipo kusindikiza kwa geometrical kumachepetsa zovala. Ndipo zidzakwaniranso zinthu zambiri: Chikwama chodzikongoletsera, foni ya foni komanso ngakhale yogwedezeka kwa oyenda paumoyo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amakamba matumba odziwika bwino, kugawa bwino katundu kumbuyo, ndikuumasula manja awo.
Chikwama chanthawi chikhala mtundu wa mawonekedwe a "i". Mothandizidwa ndi zojambula, inde. Nyengo iyi, ndikufuula mawu owiritsa amayikidwa pa iwo, zoseketsa, zonunkhira zowoneka bwino ndipo maluwa, zapamwamba mu kasupe.
Mwachidule, tikuwona kuti ngati mulibe nthawi yokongola yamizinda, tsopano ndi nthawi yoti mufikire kwa iwo, chifukwa moyo wamakono pamtunda wothamanga kwambiri umawonetsa chitonthozo ndi magwiridwe antchito. Tidawawonjezera kapangidwe kosangalatsa, yapamwamba kwambiri komanso yothandiza - ndipo timapeza chinthu chomwe chingakupangireni kwa zaka zambiri. Ndipo ngati muweruza malingaliro ndi zithunzi za atsikana - zithunzi za atsikana - malamulo a mafakitale, zimawonekeratu kuti zomwe zimachitika sizikupita kulikonse kwa iwo nthawi yayitali.