Lachisanu mwa Disembala 1901, wordreli wamkulu adawonekera padziko lapansi - Walt Disney. Mickey Mouse, Donleld bakha, Mermaid, zoyera matalala, Cinderella - ngwazi za studio yake yakhala nthano. Koma sizikuwoneka zodabwitsa kuti zojambulazo zinali ndi chidwi ndi munthu wamkulu? Ndi zochuluka motani kotero kuti Iye anawapatsa moyo wake wonse? Tiyeni tiwone momwe munthu wokhala ndi mwana wa mwana adakhala wamalonda wopambana ndikusintha dziko lapansi makanema.
Moyo mwa dongosolo adatsutsa achinyamata a Walt. Banja lake linali losauka ndipo nthawi zambiri limasunthidwa. Walt adabadwa mumzinda waukulu kwambiri wa USA - Chicago, ngakhale amakhala kumeneko kwa zaka zisanu, ndili ndi zaka zisanu zokha. Kenako anasamukira ku famu yaying'ono ku Missouri ndi abale, ndipo patapita nthawi atasamukira ku Kanstas. Anthu ambiri anansi amadziwa ndi kukonda Walt - anali wosiyanitsidwa ndi mkwiyo. M'modzi mwa iwo, wokalamba Veteran Dr. Sherwood, ngakhale analipira masentimita makumi awiri ndi asanu kuti apamba kavalo wake papepala lomwe anagawika. Pambuyo pake, Disney adakhulupirira kuti ndi chithunzi chopambana cha mrer of Dr. Sherwood ndikumukakamiza kuti akhale wojambula.
Ngwathu yathu popeza chibwana chathu chitako mtima chikuwoneka ngati chogulitsidwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Pambuyo pake ndidapaka utoto wa nyuzipepala ya sukulu, ndipo usiku ndidapita ku sukulu ya aluso abwino. Kenako adadutsa maphunziro a manyuzipepala, komwe amaphunzitsa osaganizira, kuphwanya koseketsa kwa malingaliro azofunikira komanso njira yabwino. Disney ankakonda kubwereza kuti ubwana ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri m'moyo. Linali moyo wake kukhulupirika, amafuna kuti anthu azimva bwino kwambiri momwe angathere. Ndipo ndi chiani chomwe chimakhala chamatsenga?
Prototype wa nthano yotchuka ya Mermaissa Alissa Milano
Chimango kuchokera ku chojambula "mermaid"
Koma njira yopita kukaonana ndi nkhanga ndipo inayamba kujambula. M'zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, Walt yapeza kale moyo wake. Ndidadzuka kasanu m'mawa kwambiri kuti pamodzi ndi mchipinda cha mchimwene wa Mbale Bay, kenako ndikumenyera mwachangu kusukulu. Atafika zaka khumi ndi zisanu, adaganiza zopita; Zinali izi zomwe bambo ake adayamba kuchita nawo, omwe analinso pa umphawi kwa nthawi yayitali. Walt mosangalala adagwira ntchito iyi, koma amafuna kupanga china. Ndipo zojambulazo sizinali zophweka mophweka za Walt. Anaganiza mwamphamvu kuti akhale wojambula waluso. Kumva abambo a Funa, Disney pafupifupi anayamba kupenga - ndizotheka kupanga ndalama pa mkate, kujambula zithunzi zamtundu uliwonse! Koma Walt alibe mawu osaneneka ngati amenewa, adadziika ndi kufikira! Mu 1920 adamaliza maphunziro awo kusukulu. Zowona, chikondi cha dziko lakwawo chidasokonezedwa pang'ono ku cholinga chachikulu.
Pa Nkhondo Yadziko I, wazaka 16 wazaka 16 ndikufuna kukatumikira mu gulu lankhondo. Koma wodzipereka wachichepere sanadutse ziyeneretso, choncho anapatsidwa mpando wokha wa omwe amawalipira pamtanda wofiyira. Disney anavomera, natumiza ku France. Inde, sikokwanira: nthawi yomweyo dziko lapansi lidamaliza pakati pa oyendetsa nkhondo pakati pa oyendetsa nkhondo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo adawuluka kunyumba.
Pambuyo pobwerera ku moyo wa Disney nthawi yomweyo. Poyamba adapita kukagwira ntchito mu nyuzipepala, koma kumeneko adatopa msanga - m'malo mwa mawu, dzanja lake lidathamangitsa china chake kuti chijambule kanthu. Chifukwa chake, kusankha bwino kwambiri kunali ntchitoyi ndi wojambula pa studio kinreclam. Otsatsa otsatsa akhala koyamba ku Disney. Zojambula zazifupi zinazichita bwino, ndipo Walt adakondana ndi zaluso zatsopano. Adatulutsa tsiku motalikirana, kuyesera ku maluso osiyanasiyana.
Mouse Mickey mbewa idayambitsa mikangano ya Disney ndi mnzake waommom - izi sizinakonde dzina la mkhalidwe wa nyenyezi. Zotsatira zake, AB adatuluka mu studio
Chimango kuchokera ku chojambula "mickey mbewa ndi kangaroo"
Kudzera munga ku Oscars
Malingaliro adamezedwa mumutu wa Disney, ndipo ntchito zotsatsa zidasowa. Powona zojambula za ubongo wa BETty Bamy ndi woyenda panyanja, anali wokonda kwambiri makanema ojambula. Kenako Walt Disney adaganiza zopita ku Hollywood. Koma zinali zofunikira kuti ndibwereko, nthawi yomweyo anathamangira mavuto ambiri - mwamtheradi analipo malo ophunzitsira oyambira, ndipo omalizira sanali ofunika konse. Koma Walt sanataye mtima kwambiri, adayamba kuyenda pamabungwe pakusaka ntchito. Ndipo mwa mwayi wangwiro unakumana ndi wochita bizinesi wodziyimira pawokha yemwe anachita masewera osuntha. Walt adamuwuza kuti akweze zojambula zake, ndipo phindu limatengera okha.
Adasankha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yofunika kwambiri - adayambitsa ngwazi zenizeni mu dziko lokongola. Choyamba, kunali kofunikira kusankha chiwembucho. Walt Popeza kudalitsidwa ndi ubwana "Alice ku Soundidadabwa", motero ndinatenga nawo gawo labwino pantchitoyo ndipo adayamba kugwira ntchito. Poyamba ankawombera kwenikweni, kenako adapita kukamenya, pomwe filimuyo idayimitsidwa, ndikugwira ntchito pafilimuyo. Anachita zojambulazo, kuphatikiza zenizeni ndi zopeka, adalemba chithunzicho. Poyamba, "Alice" adakumana ndi bang, koma patapita kanthawi adayamba kufika kwa omvera.
Zojambula zokhudza Bearn Winnie Pooh Pootor adapanga zaka zoposa makumi atatu
Chimango kuchokera ku chojambula "ma adventures Winnie Poo"
Kenako Walt adaganiza zopanga mawonekedwe atsopano. Makanema a Abrosex, mnzake wa disney, adabwera ndi mbewa yachikazi. Zowona, posachedwa mkhalidwewo udasinthiratu kununkhira kwambiri komanso wodziwika - mbewa ya Mickey. Kwa nthawi yoyamba adawonekera mu katuni "wamisala". Koma ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti ngati sikuli chifukwa cha mkazi wa makadi, mbewa michakeyo akadakhalako. Anali Disney yomwe idatsimikizira mwamuna wake kuti dzina la Mickey loti mbewa ndi loyenera kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, anthu adatsutsana ndi Mickey Maus mu nkhondo ya wokondedwa wake - Minnie. Mwa njira, Walt sanali makanema okha, wotsogolera ndi wopanga, adadziwonetsa yekha kuti azichita zinthu. Kuyambira pamene chilengedwe cha Mickey mpaka 1947, mbewa ya mbewa idakhala m'manja yokha. Koma a Abom Averk, mikangano inatuluka. Khalidwe latsopano la munthuyo silinayenera kuchita izi, koma Walt analimbikira pa iye. M'tsogolomu, mikangano yawo idakulitsidwa, ndipo mu 1930 ab adachoka disney ndikutsegula studio yake.
Koma sitidzakhala achisoni ... Kuchita bwino pang'onopang'ono kunawononga Disney. Posakhalitsa Oscar woyamba adafika. Mu 1932, chojambulachi chokhudza mbewa yotchuka adapatsidwa mphotho yosangalatsa, ndipo inali chiyambi chabe cha njira ya nyenyezi. Mphotho yayikulu ya American Academy idaperekedwa kwa wotsogolera mopitilira kasanu, ndipo adatenga nawo gawo limodzi ndi makumi asanu ndi anayi kudza zisanu ndi zinayi! Kuphatikiza apo, adapatsidwa mphotho itatu yomwe adapangidwira iye. Loyamba ndi lopanga mickey Maus, chachiwiri - cha zopereka za nyimbo zokhala ndi makanema ojambula, lachitatu ndi la zojambulajambula "zoyera" zoyera ndi zoyera ". Chosungirako cha Makanema ndi "magologolo agolide", awiri a bafta ampandowo ndi mphotho ziwiri za Chithandizo cha Cannes. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa chipambano chopambana cha Walt Disney ndi amodzi mwa anthu odzipereka m'mbiri ya zaluso zadziko lonse lapansi.
Mu "chipale chofewa" chochulukitsa chimapangitsa phwando latsopano: adaphunzitsa zilembo kuyimba ndi kuvina
Chimango kuchokera ku chojambula "choyera '
Mwa njira, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'moyo wa Disney chimalumikizidwa ndi chisanu chonse. Mu 1937, adaganiza zoganiza zazikulu ndipo sangakhale katuni chabe, koma chithunzi cha makanema ofunda. Adatenga ola limodzi ndi theka. Kuphatikiza apo, otchulidwa muzojambulayi adayamba koyamba amayimba ndikuvina, zomwe adakondwera kwambiri ndi omvera. Disney adafunanso kuwonjezera matsenga komanso ubwana. Koma lingaliro la kupanga antchito othamanga kutalika kwambiri sikunali kuyamikiridwa koyambirira. Kukoka kuti kuphikayo chitenga kutalika kwathunthu, adanena kuti lingaliroli lidalephera ngakhale kuseka mobisa naye. Lingaliro lingadulidwe pazu, chifukwa Disney watha ndalama. Malire a ndalama zopanga anali atatopa, ndipo walt adaganiza zowonetsa ngongole ya filimuyo. Atayang'ana, anasangalala ndipo anavomera kupereka ndalama zowonjezereka kuti amalize ntchitoyo. Ndipo zitapezeka kuti, osati pachabe.
Koma mmodzi mwa anthu amene anapha sanangochipirira ndipo ngakhale kale anayesera kuti amuchotse kangapo. Umu ndi momwe zimakhalira, pesk guff! Sizikudziwika bwino zomwe sanakondweretse Mlengi wake, koma zimadziwika kuti anapulumutsa mavuto azachuma nthawi ya US. Disney sanafune kutaya zigawenga zake ndikuwapatsa ntchito yosalekeza, amalola kuti azikhala pa filimuyi.
Nkhani Zoseketsa
Zikuwonekeratu kuti Walt sanabwere ndi anthu ake a nthano. Ojambula ambiri amagwira ntchito ku Studio, yomwe idakonzera kudzoza m'makhalidwe otchuka kwambiri nthawi imeneyo. Mwachitsanzo, Mermarima wachinyamata adakokedwa ndi chikhalidwe cha Alissa Milano, pomwe nyumba ya "Mwini wake wa m'nyumba" idawomberedwa pamndandanda. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a bang, mermy yaying'onoyo idatenganso mawonekedwe ndi machitidwe a heroin milano. Ndipo zotsatira za kuloza tsitsi lamadzi unatengedwa kuchokera ku zithunzi za nyenyezi ya nyenyezi yaku America ku America.
Panali zitsanzo ku Mbiri yamilandu. Mwachitsanzo, a Gavs abale ochokera ku "baka" a Bari "adalembedwa ndi Barker-karpis gang gulu la zigawenga zomwe zinali zopezekadi mu ma pirker, adalumikiza ndi amayi barker. Pali wobera ambiri a mabanki, zakupha ndi zolaula chifukwa cha iwo.
Ngwazi za "mtima wozizira" - imodzi mwa studio yomaliza imagwira ntchito
Chimango kuchokera ku chojambula "mtima wozizira"
Koma osati walt nthawi zonse walt kokha, mu 1946 adaganiza zowunikirana ndikutulutsa katswiri wojambula "msambo". Malingaliro ake, mu mawonekedwe a katuni, mitu yayikulu imakhala yomveka bwino kwa achinyamata. Pa nkhani zochititsa moyo wathanzi, makatoniwo adawonera ana asukulu oposa miliyoni aku America. Izi zisanachitike, kenako ndikutsatiridwa ndi azachipatala a Synecisniologist. Ananenetsa kuti kutsindika m'ngaladiyo kunapangidwa pachilengedwe chomwe chikuchitika. Amakhulupirira kuti makanema oyendetsa bwino awa ndi oyamba kuwonetsedwa pagulu limodzi ndi filimuyo yomwe ili ndi mawu oti "nyini".
Mwa njira, kukumbukira kwa ntchito yankhondo sikunadutse disk pachabe. Pa ntchito yake yonse, adathandizira mabungwe angapo aboma, zojambula zamaphunziro kwa Army a US Army, mafayilo amabuku akuitana aku America kuti apereke misonkho, komanso kuchotsera ma hitler angapo anti-Hitler. Disney adatenga gawo powombera ma coslomotoatic angapo a NASA ndipo, limodzi ndi ogwira nawo ntchito, adakonza zotsutsa zotsutsana ndi malingaliro a America, omwe amalimbikitsa kuteteza malingaliro a ku America, omwe amalimbikitsa kuteteza zolinga zaku America. Inde, Walt anali odana ndi anthu wamba ndipo sanathamangitsidwe kuti alembetse kudzutsidwa pa anzawo ku Hollywood. Mwinanso amawakayikira, koma mwina anangothetsa mpikisano.
Zakhala zokha
Ngakhale kuti otchulidwa awo, Disney ingokhala obisalira. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti moyo wake wonse adapereka zojambula ndi studio yake. Ngakhale mkazi wake wamtsogolo amalumikizidwa mwachindunji. Mkulu wa Walt anali mtsikanayo dzina lake Lilian Marie. Wowonda, wopyapsera wopyapsulu wogwira ntchito ku Studio ndi mu 1924 anali m'gulu la omwe adayitanidwa ku ukwati wa Mbale Walt. Kumeneko anakumana ndi makanema otchuka. Walt ndi Lilian adakumana pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndikukwatirana mu 1925 mu mpingo wawung'ono ku Idaho. Kupita kwa guwa, mkwatibwi adatsogolera amalume ake, popeza Abra Lilian adadwala nthawi imeneyo. Makolo a Walt sakanakhoza kubwera kuukwati konse. Maukwati amafunadi kukhala ndi ana, koma Lilian sakanakhoza kukhala ndi pakati kwa nthawi yayitali. Pambuyo pazaka zisanu ndi zitatu chithandizo, pamapeto pake zinavala bwino kwambiri, koma mwatsoka, mwatsoka, zidatha. Koma wachiwiriyo anachita bwino: mwana wamkazi wa Diana Marie adatuluka mu banja la Dianey (tsopano wolemba zakale, omwe adakwatirana, omwe makolo ake amatenga nawo mbali mu 1936.
Mu kanema "Sungani Mr. Banks" ochulukitsa amasewera Tom Hanks. Chithunzicho chinasankhidwa kwa Oscar ndi Green Globle
Chimango kuchokera ku filimuyo "Sungani Mr. Banks"
Ngakhale panali ntchito yayikulu kwambiri kuntchito, nthawi yake yonse yaulere ndiyofalikira kubanja. Tsiku lina, akuyenda ndi ana aakazi, amaganiza kuti zingakhale bwino kupanga malo omwe ana angafune. Chifukwa chake "Disneyland" idawonekera, yomwe idakhala yosangalatsa yeniyeni. Tsopano malo oterewa samatseguka osati ku United States, komanso ku France, Japan, Spain ndi mayiko ena. Mwa njira, ndikupeza kwa Disneyland, antchito ake anali oletsedwa kunyamula ndevu. "Palibe tsitsi lalitali, masharubu ndi ndevu! Sitingalole wina kugulitsa mtsuko wa ma hippie osalembetsa! " - Walt mobwerezabwereza sankhani yekha. Chiletso chinali chokhwima kwambiri kotero kuti mu 2000 chokha chija chinawunikiridwa koyamba, kulola ogwira ntchito paki kuti avale masharubu ang'onoang'ono.
Pambuyo potsegulira "Disneyland" Walt, Ski Homet idabwezeretsanso malo osungirako ski pafupi ndi malo apakati "sequoia" ku California. Analandilanso kuvomerezedwa kuchokera ku Lesnikov ndipo anagwirizana ndi kazembe womanga msewu watsopano. Komabe, ntchito idayimitsidwa. Ndipo atamwalira, oyang'anira atsopanowa adaganiza kuti atha kusamalira ntchito imodzi yayikulu, ndipo adasankhidwa, mwachilengedwe, Disneyland, omwe anali atabweretsa kale ziweto zambiri.
Kumapeto.
Disney Walt Disney adamwalira ndi khansa ya kuwala kwa khumi ndi chisanu la Disembala 1966. Anali osokoneza bongo kuti asuta ngakhale atatumikira ankhondo. A Bilionayo anayesa kusiya, anayesa njira zosiyanasiyana, amapita kwa madokotala ndi zamaganizo, koma kumapeto nthawi zonse kumadzipereka. Mwa njira, pambuyo pa imfa ya woyambitsa, chifukwa cha chisankho chomvetsa bwino, studio yasiyatu fanizo la ndudu m'mabotolo awo.
Pali chowonadi chimodzi: kumwalira kwa Disney asanamwalire mawu awiri papepala logawidwa - Kurt Russell. Kwa kudzipha, sidzakhalabe chinsinsi. Panthawi yaimfa ya ojambula odziwika bwino ojambula kurt anali mwana, ndipo ngakhale anali kale wochita sewero, osafika kale. Kodi walt Disney adatanthauza chiyani?
Kuphatikiza apo, pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa ngwazi yathu, mphekesera zimayenda m'manyuzipepala, chifukwa cha luso la zikopa. Komabe, izi sizowona. M'malo mwake, thupi la Disney lidatenthedwa, ndipo woyamba m'mbiri yakale Sporgenic Grongenic, bambo bambo atangochitika patangotha pambuyo pa imfa yake. Ngakhale atakhala ndi malingaliro ngati amenewa, analibe nthawi yochepa.
Komabe, kuphatikiza mitundu yochulukitsa yomwe iwo amakhala nawo, ndipo Walt Disney sadzakhala kosatha m'mbiri, chifukwa zikomo kokha kwa iye adasinthiratu momwe katento amafunika kuwonekera.