Pa theka la nkhope, ozungulira ozungulira, amemeons, mphaka okongola, osaphatikizidwa kwathunthu - zonsezi ndi za zingwe. Masiku ano, magalasi amdima siabwino, koma osowa, osati kwa anthu a ku Metropolis okha. Ochita masewera ndi alimi, opulumutsa ndi cosmons, kuphulika kwa polar ndi polar atenga gawo lowonjezera la mafashoni awa. Komabe, kwa ife, zowala zimatsalirabe gawo la kalembedwe payekha, makamaka pakufunika masiku olimbirana chilimwe. Fotokozerani nkhani yosangalatsa ya tsatanetsatane wamakono uyu, womwe ukukhala zaka masauzande ambiri!
Zida zoyambirira zinapangidwa kuti sizokongola kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa momwe mungatetezere maso kuchokera ku kuwala kokhetsa kwa anthu komwe kumapezeka pakukula kwa anthu, m'dera la Egypt amakono. M'mapiramidi odziwika a Farao Tutankhamon, akatswiri ofukula za m'mabwinja apeza Wokonda - komanso wokwera mtengo kwambiri! - Kuyambitsa. Awiri a Filigree adadula miyala ya Emerald Emerald Stoner kuti kudzera mwa iwo Ofufuzawo mosakayikira alibe kukayikira: panali kutsogolo kwa iwo, omwe, mwachiwonekere, anasangalala ndi Aigupto kuti adziwe. Dzikwezani nokha ndi zida zokongola komanso zapamwamba za emerald zokondedwa wakale. Umboni wa mbiri yakale unasungidwa kuti mfumu ya mfumu yotchuka Neroro anali kukonda nkhondo zokongola kupyola mtundu wa lorennet, yemwe amatenga gawo la dziko lapansi ndipo analola mabwalo osapweteka.
Maluso achi China amagwiritsanso ntchito magalasi "obiriwira", chowonadi sichili Emerald, ndi quartz. Komabe, kupangidwa sikunalipobe. Madera okha ndi omwe amangopeza ndalama zapamwamba, makamaka oweruza. Kuphatikiza apo, mabowo oterowo sanagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri kuteteza malingalirowo, monga kuti abisala kwa omutsutsa m'maso. Ndipo chifukwa cha woyendayenda, Marco Polo ndi owonjezera omwe amakonda kwambiri aku China ndi ku Europe. Nzika zake zimangogwiritsa ntchito maambulera ndi zipewa kuti zibisire mizere - nthawi yazaka zambiri, azimayi aku China amakhulupirira kuti kuwala kwa dzuwa kumawononga mtundu weniweni wa maso, kumabweretsa. Amawopa atsikana ndi makwinya oyambilira, ndipo, monga tikudziwa lero, mantha awa adatsimikiziridwa.
Komabe, kutetezedwa ku ultraviolet sikunali kokha m'malo otentha okha. Makolo a okhalamo ku North, Eskimos, masitampu a miyala yamtengo wapatali sangadzitamandire, chifukwa chake adafika pobisalira maso kuchokera ku dzuwa. Anagwiritsa ntchito mafupa a nyama, omwe amasaka, akuwaumba. Komwe mitundu yamakono ndi galasi, eskimos kudula kudzera mu mipata iwiri yochepa. Zachidziwikire, kapangidwe kotere kumangokhala zovuta zowononga dzuwa, osalowerera bwino.
Mwambiri, ma prototypes amakono amapezeka kwambiri. Koma kupanga kunayikidwa ku Europe ku Europe, kumapeto kwa zaka zambiri. Amisiri amisiri adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yamtengo wapatali - kotero kuti kumwa kwawo kudachepetsedwa kwambiri, koma, milandu, nzika zosavuta sizikanakwanitsa kugula magalasi kuchokera ku emerald, safiro kapena ruby crumb. Posakhalitsa magalasi a ambuye amagwirizanitsa ndi chinthucho kwa ofesa: magalasi anali okutidwa ndi utoto wosanjikiza. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, chobiriwira chodziwika kwambiri kuchokera kwa opanga mfundo, adapirira ntchito yawo, ingonenani, si njira yabwino kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti phale lobiriwira sadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito "kulowerera" kowala (kuwerenga zowopsa). Blue Gama ndiyabwino kwambiri, koma ku Europe wakale, mtunduwu udalumikizidwa ndi sayansi ya zamatsenga ndi matsenga akuda. Ngakhale zaka mazana angapo pambuyo pake, mu 1752, London Ectic James Josque (yomwe imawerengedwa kuti ndi yofunsira mfundo zamakono) idatha kugulitsa maanja ochepa okha "abuluu". Kuwonongeka kwa "dzuwa" nthawi ina kunakwana Napoleon Bomaparte, omwe adapereka gulu lankhondo lake kupita ku gulu la Aigupto ndi gulu lonse la magalasi. Koma nthawi inayake china chake chalakwika: asirikali ankakonda kusintha kuti ateteze maso awo, adapanga pafupifupi khungu.
Dzuwa ndi nyenyezi
Kodi zikwangwani zotulukapo zotulukapo za nyumba zokongola zomwe zidasandulika mndandanda wazomwe zimafunikira? Olemba mbiri yabwino amatcha tsiku lenileni: zidachitika mu 1891, pomwe mtundu wotchuka wa aviators udalandiridwa pa kontrakitala, cholinga cha oyendetsa njinga zamoto. Amakhala ngati magalasi oyendetsa ndege: theka, theka la nkhope, penti mu chikasu chopepuka. Zachidziwikire, anali chabe ma prototype wa "azungu" omwe alipo "okha" koma zinthu zambiri zimaganiziridwa mosaganizira. Podzafika mu 1911, otchedwa auto-galasi adagulitsidwa kale mu masitolo opsics, galasi la oyendetsa bwino.
Mafashoni pa magalasi (komanso zinthu zambiri zatsopano) zidayambitsa nyenyezi za sinema. Ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi adayamba kuwonekera kulikonse m'magalasi opambana okhala ndi magalasi amdima, kukopa chidwi pagulu. Mfundo zakhala chimodzi mwazomwezi ndi moyo wathanzi. Ndipo, zowona, sizinali popanda kutengera zochita za Coco chal, zomwe zidayamba kuzikonda zopereka zake. M'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, galasi limakumana ndi kusintha kwenikweni ndipo kunayamba kukhala ngati zitsanzo zomwe timavala masiku ano. Tikulankhula za kupangidwa kwa dziko la Edfin. Anapeza njira yopangira Fyuluta yotchedwa Goreroid, yomwe imateteza maso osati kuchokera ku dzuwa, komanso kuchokera ku kuwala. Chifukwa chake nkhani ya Baus & Lomb ndi Polaroid REDS zinayamba. Kugonjetsedwa komaliza pamsika kunachitika pambuyo pa US Air Formani adalamula kuti opanga akhale gawo la "Pilot".
Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, Marilyn Monroe ndi Audrey Hepburn adabisala magalasi amdima. Mfundo zakhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri la chipinda cha zovalazo, ndipo chifukwa chake izi sizikufuna kulumikizana kwambiri ndi paparazzi, maso ofiira, ofiira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zida zowunikira pamasamba owombera (zoopsa za tsoka!) Kuwala kuwala kwa UV, kuwotcha ndi khungu, ndi retina. Mabingu a Buntari a Buntar Sigenti adasautsa magalasi amdima mu thanthwe. Ndikokwanira kukumbukira zithunzi za mphero, Andy Warhol ndi Museum wake Edgevik, Lou Reed, Oszy Osbonne ndi John Lennon ndi yoko. Wotsirizayo adavala chimango cholumikizidwa ndigalasi yakuda kwambiri kulira kwa mkazi wake.
Modabwitsa modabwitsa ndi azomwe ali ndi vuto lodziwika bwino lomwe mitundu yonse yamafashoni imapangidwanso, kuchokera ku Polaroid to Mara ndi Dollan & Gabbana. Koma magalasi akulu awa, mosiyana ndi zikhulupiriro zofananira, amapita kutali ndi aliyense. Chifukwa chake, molimbika kuvala "oyendetsa ndege anu" ngati muli ndi nkhope yayikulu kwambiri, lalikulu kapena mawonekedwe am'madzi. Koma mwayi ndi chowongolera bwino ndikwabwino kusankha kuti palibe woyenera kwambiri. Magalasi ozungulira ozungulira amapita kutali ndi zonse - choncho posankha mkombero, yang'anani pa zomwe Leninoni ndi izo. Kunyamula mtunda wa LA "Harry Potter", muyenera kukhala ndi nkhope yopapatiza, yopingasa.